ライフサイエンスコーパス: promastigote

1 connection with MSP functions in leishmanial promastigotes.

2 calized to the plasma membrane of Leishmania promastigotes.

3 ssential nutritional pathway for L. donovani promastigotes.

4 ionary phase compared with logarithmic phase promastigotes.

5 ovani are not required for the growth of the promastigotes.

6 he ear with live Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes.

7 e activity during their growth in vitro than promastigotes.

8 owth arrest as axenic amastigotes but not as promastigotes.

9 (Mphis), although it activated Mphis to kill promastigotes.

10 HSP70 prior to challenge with L. amazonensis promastigotes.

11 the inoculation of high numbers of L. major promastigotes.

12 (55.9 +/- 5.6 mm) were detected in L. major promastigotes.

13 t is constitutively expressed in L. donovani promastigotes.

14 produce O2-during phagocytosis of opsonized promastigotes.

15 -beta than mice immunized with a low dose of promastigotes.

16 cyclic promastigotes to infective metacyclic promastigotes.

17 y with LACK DNA and challenged with L. major promastigotes.

18 gocytosis of complement-opsonized metacyclic promastigotes.

19 zing the differences between amastigotes and promastigotes.

20 the surface of early stationary growth phase promastigotes.

21 like protein (MLP), from virulent metacyclic promastigotes.

22 l microscopy analysis applied to L. infantum promastigotes.

23 d metacyclic promastigotes than in procyclic promastigotes.

24 ll TOR1 or TOR2 mutants in cultured L. major promastigotes.

25 LIT1-null promastigotes accumulated superoxide radicals and initia

26 cking macrophage Mac-1 diminishes metacyclic promastigote adhesion to a greater extent than does bloc

27 a dramatic decrease in complement-dependent promastigote adhesion, relative to normal monocytes.

28 and TSA (AgDNA), or with autoclaved L. major promastigotes (ALM) plus rIL-12, and the mice were chall

29 g the subcellular localization of LmPRL-1 in promastigotes, amastigotes, and infected macrophages, we

30 was constitutively released/secreted by both promastigote and amastigote developmental forms of this

31 This study showed that both promastigote and amastigote forms of Sb(R)LD, but not th

32 Both promastigote and amastigote forms of the parasite were f

33 lated Leishmania parasites alternate between promastigote and amastigote forms which differ significa

34 zoan parasite, has been detected in both the promastigote and amastigote stages of the Leishmania lif

35 sect and mammalian developmental forms (i.e. promastigote and amastigotes) of this organism.

36 ablishes that it is essential in L. donovani promastigotes and a potential target for therapeutic val

37 the viability and growth of both L. donovani promastigotes and amastigotes and intimate that pharmaco

38 Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes expressing LmAQP1 could re

39 Consistent with the different fates of promastigotes and amastigotes in IFN-gamma-stimulated Mp

40 f the Ca2+ stored in L. mexicana amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes is present in an acidic co

41 we extend these findings and show that both promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania species can

42 Although gcvP(-) promastigotes and amastigotes showed normal virulence in

43 udies document different receptors detecting promastigotes and amastigotes, but the relative importan

44 ribed as a approximately 3.1-kb mRNA in both promastigotes and amastigotes, with homologues being det

45 gene is constitutively expressed in L. major promastigotes and amastigotes.

46 o the vertebrate infective forms, metacyclic promastigotes and amastigotes.

47 GK participates in the entry of glycerol in promastigotes and amastigotes; PEPCK participates in the

48 mice with L. amazonensis or Leishmania major promastigotes and assessed the activation of DC subsets

49 Measurement of LmGT2 RNA decay in promastigotes and axenic amastigotes treated with actino

50 ODC-deficient promastigotes and axenic amastigotes were auxotrophic fo

51 Transcription of the LmGT genes in promastigotes and axenically cultured amastigotes occurs

52 Promastigotes and haptomonads multiply by binary divisio

53 be localized to the flagellum of Leishmania promastigotes and in the flagellar pocket membrane and c

54 Both mutants were viable as promastigotes and infected macrophages in vitro and mice

55 in vitro model of phagocytosis of L. chagasi promastigotes and intracellular conversion to amastigote

56 Procyclic promastigotes and procyclic LPG were able to bind to san

57 s of active enzyme, which was present in the promastigotes and shed into the extracellular milieu.

58 vani UMPS (LdUMPS) is an essential enzyme in promastigotes and that it is sequestered in the parasite

59 were preinfected with Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and that these activated DCs, in turn, sti

60 te during differentiation both to metacyclic promastigotes and to amastigotes, autophagosomes being p

61 The ability of procyclic promastigotes and, to a much lesser extent, that of meta

62 ly expressed by both the insect vector (i.e. promastigote) and mammalian (i.e. amastigote) life cycle

63 tural transmission: low dose (100 metacyclic promastigotes) and inoculation into a dermal site (the e

64 CK participates in the entry of aspartate in promastigotes, and PPDK is involved in the entry of alan

65 ither attenuated L. chagasi or with L. major promastigotes, and s.c. L. chagasi did not protect again

66 include complement receptor 3 (CR3), used by promastigotes, and the Fc receptor (FcR), used by amasti

67 Now we demonstrate that metacyclic L. major promastigotes are poor inducers of IL-12 in vitro in fre

68 f parasitophorous vacuoles (PVs) that harbor promastigotes are positive for the NADPH oxidase complex

69 teresting IC50 values against Leishmania spp promastigotes as well as L. amazonensis and L. infantum

70 o required for the development of metacyclic promastigotes, as SODA/DeltasodA cultures were strongly

71 infection with 107 metacyclic L. amazonensis promastigotes at 4 wk demonstrated protective immunity i

72 on, and a 64-kDa form of gp63 not present in promastigotes became the most prominent form in amastigo

73 h whole-cell lysates of heat-killed L. major promastigotes bound to alum (ALM).

74 ull mutants, which are viable as insect form promastigotes but not as amastigotes, do not take up glu

75 Thus, ARG is essential for proliferation of promastigotes but not intracellular amastigotes.

76 trol L. amazonensis infection established by promastigotes but not L. amazonensis infection establish

77 as localized to specific foci in L. donovani promastigotes by immunofluorescent assays.

78 wn to be actively transcribed by L. donovani promastigotes by reverse transcription (RT) and PCR ampl

79 on of infectious Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes by sand flies.

80 eishmania chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes, by impairing the flagellar pocket and mov

81 developmental maturation of Leishmania major promastigotes can affect their interaction with human co

82 We demonstrate that complement-opsonized promastigotes can bind to both Mac-1 and complement rece

83 Movement within the gut is not random: promastigotes can detect gradients of solutes via chemot

84 Paradoxically, MbetaCD-treated promastigotes caused a higher initial in vitro infection

85 ation of latent TGF-beta with Leishmania sp. promastigotes caused active TGF-beta to be released from

86 and quantitative description of a Leishmania promastigote cell cycle taking a morphometric approach t

87 The only proteins found to bind to ICP in promastigote cell lysates were fully processed forms of

88 es (metacyclic promastigotes), the procyclic promastigotes collected at the logarithmic phase of the

89 5-fold up-regulation of LmGT2 mRNA levels in promastigotes compared with amastigotes must be controll

90 ll size and increased growth as insect stage promastigotes compared with the unsuppressed mutant.

91 Leishmania donovani promastigotes constitutively secrete a glycosylated and

92 Infectious promastigotes contained mRNAs from mspS and mspC genes,

93 to produce IL-12p40 when compared with their promastigote counterparts.

94 al assays are based on soluble antigens from promastigotes cultivated in a protein-free medium.

95 ination of BALB/c mice with Leishmania major promastigote culture filtrate proteins plus Corynebacter

96 Leishmania donovani promastigotes deficient in both LPG and protein-linked p

97 NA increases >>30-fold as Leishmania chagasi promastigotes develop in vitro from a less infectious fo

98 e activity and mRNA level as the transfected promastigotes developed from logarithmic to stationary p

99 Peroxide resistance was also induced as promastigotes developed in culture from logarithmic to t

100 atory macrophages (Mphi) with amastigotes or promastigotes did not lead to significant changes in sur

101 mNTR-specific as the LmNTR(+/-) heterozygote promastigotes displayed resistance to the most potent mu

102 ory role in cell proliferation of Leishmania promastigotes during normoxia.

103 rance of extracellular (luciferase-positive) promastigotes during the first 24 h after inoculation ye

104 l response was found by use of extracellular promastigotes (ED50=48+/-22 vs. 52+/-29 microgram/mL).

105 confirmed that L. major amastigotes, but not promastigotes, efficiently entered LC-like DC.

106 ic dissection of ARG function in L. mexicana promastigotes establishes: (i) that the enzyme is essent

107 on the parasite surfaces of MbetaCD-treated promastigotes exposed to healthy human serum in vitro, a

108 ctly to soluble FN and laminin (LM) and that promastigotes express a distinct surface protein of appr

109 In this study, we show that Leishmania major promastigotes express a single glycerol-3-phosphate acyl

110 We also show promastigote flagellum growth occurs over multiple cell

111 While the critical role of the promastigote flagellum in parasite biology has long been

112 sibility of using Ags derived from procyclic promastigotes for immunization procedures.

113 s pathway is essential for the growth of the promastigote form of L. donovani in culture, that all ur

114 ipid-anchored proteins on the surface of the promastigote form of most Leishmania species.

115 glycoprotein of 46 kDa on the surface of the promastigote form of most Leishmania species.

116 polyamine auxotrophy to the insect vector or promastigote form of the parasite.

117 most abundant protein on the surface of the promastigote form of the protozoan parasites Leishmania

118 Whereas infections of macrophages by promastigote forms of Leishmania mexicana pifanoi induce

119 IL-10 knockout mice, and was obtained using promastigotes from cutaneous, visceral, and lipophosphog

120 the surface of late stationary growth phase promastigotes from patients with LCL, compared with thos

121 ycan-containing glycoconjugates, can protect promastigotes from the digestive enzymes in the gut and,

122 ptor type 1 (CR1) and that the transition of promastigotes from the noninfectious logarithmic phase o

123 out a 30-fold increase as Leishmania chagasi promastigotes grow in vitro from logarithmic phase to st

124 corresponding wild-type did not occur until promastigotes had adapted to 12.2 muM MIL.

125 ulation of large numbers of Leishmania major promastigotes, have not supported an essential role for

126 ndritic cells (DCs) with Leishmania donovani promastigotes, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Mycobacterium

127 ulum, and (d) injecting heat-killed L. major promastigotes (HKLMP) to induce a cross-reactive Th2 res

128 ilitation of macrophage (Mo) phagocytosis of promastigotes, (iii) interaction with the extracellular

129 lar amastigote in the mammalian host and the promastigote in the fly.

130 ient in SL degradation but grows normally as promastigotes in culture.

131 netosis stimulated by Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes in human neutrophils.

132 ania parasites alternate between flagellated promastigotes in sand flies and nonflagellated amastigot

133 challenged by inoculation of 100 metacyclic promastigotes in the ear dermis.

134 cro-environments within their hosts (i.e. as promastigotes in the gut lumen of their sandfly vectors

135 fection of human macrophages with L. chagasi promastigotes in vitro in the presence of IFN-gamma.

136 ownstream locus grew comparably to wild-type promastigotes in vitro, but failed to parasitize BALB/c

137 nd retained lipid rafts while replicating as promastigotes in vitro.

138 nteraction with late stationary growth phase promastigotes in which PS was blocked by annexin V.

139 n of ICP colocalized with CPA and CPB in the promastigote (in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi) an

140 xperimental model employing 10(6) metacyclic promastigotes, in which the rapid development of footpad

141 We demonstrate that promastigotes induce a classical netosis, dependent on t

142 In the first phase, L. donovani promastigotes induce activation of acid sphingomyelinase

143 n myeloid-derived human DC and Lm metacyclic promastigotes (infectious-stage parasites) to model the

144 d that products secreted by Leishmania major promastigotes inhibit the motility of dendritic cells (D

145 asis using 10(2) Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes inoculated into the footpads of geneticall

146 LFR1 null mutants grow normally as promastigote insect stages but are defective in differen

147 he glucose metabolism of Leishmania donovani promastigotes (insect stage) was investigated by simulta

148 sufficient to trigger differentiation of WT promastigotes into fully infective amastigotes.

149 rrest, and differentiation of wild-type (WT) promastigotes into infective amastigotes.

150 In some species, differentiation of insect promastigotes into mammalian-infective amastigotes is in

151 ajor following inoculation of 100 metacyclic promastigotes into the ear dermis.

152 n induce axenic differentiation of avirulent promastigotes into virulent amastigotes.

153 we introduced metacyclic L. infantum chagasi promastigotes intradermally into BALB/c mouse ears and s

154 down-regulated when flagellated insect-stage promastigotes invade mammalian macrophages and transform

155 nally, we describe a new defect of the spt2- promastigotes involving 'empty' acidocalcisomes (ACs), w

156 tion and cell division in the LdCEN knockout promastigote is unique and surprising.

157 ivity constitutively secreted by L. donovani promastigotes is composed of two (histidine) AcP isoform

158 inin derivatives against Leishmania donovani promastigotes is described for the first time.

159 ite Leishmania major, binding of replicating promastigotes is mediated by galactosyl side chain (scGa

160 L. amazonensis metacyclic promastigotes lacking one SODA allele failed to replicat

161 not detectable in either wild-type or TUBA5 promastigotes, LdNT1.2 does not contribute to nucleoside

162 Infection with L. amazonensis promastigotes led to increased 1/2 phosphorylation after

163 Amastigote and promastigote leishmania life stages retained similar num

164 Leishmania promastigotes ligate host macrophage receptors, triggeri

165 ion of meiosis-specific genes, we identified promastigote-like (PL) cells that interacted with each o

166 nt of an evasion mechanism as the Leishmania promastigotes mature to infectious forms and the possibi

167 The mean promastigote MIL susceptibility (50% inhibitory concentr

168 It has typical promastigote morphology but also forms surface-attached

169 Promastigote mutants heterozygous for crk1 were readily

170 The most obvious lipid changes in MIL-R promastigotes occurred to phosphatidylcholines and lysop

171 In this paper, we demonstrate that promastigotes of arsenite-resistant Leishmania tarentola

172 tigotes, whereas this was the case only when promastigotes of Deltaatg4.1 were used.

173 Promastigotes of Deltaatg4.2 but not Deltaatg4.1 were mo

174 tradermally in the ear with 10(5) metacyclic promastigotes of L. amazonensis together with SGE (equiv

175 Promastigotes of Leishmania live exclusively within the

176 Complexes 1-8 are active against promastigotes of Leishmania major and epimastigotes of T

177 The infectious metacyclic promastigotes of Leishmania protozoa establish infection

178 Promastigotes of Leishmania species synthesized a large

179 ed in plasma membrane vesicles prepared from promastigotes of Leishmania tarentolae were shown to acc

180 Promastigotes of multiple Leishmania species can rapidly

181 Promastigotes of the null mutants had similar cysteine p

182 nt clones of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis promastigotes or amastigotes were loaded with the fluore

183 rvived poorly irrespective of infection with promastigotes or amastigotes, whereas this was the case

184 rly in virulent amastigotes than in virulent promastigotes or avirulent cells of both stages.

185 or to infection with either stationary-phase promastigotes or tissue-derived amastigotes.

186 .c. immunization with a low dose of L. major promastigotes or with dihydrofolate-thymidylate synthase

187 Additionally, Leishmania promastigotes overexpressing LmAQP1 were found to migrat

188 aptin gene deletion mutants shows that these promastigote parasites are viable in culture, but are un

189 Intriguingly, LmNTR(+/-) heterozygote promastigote parasites could readily differentiate into

190 Leishmania to mammalian-infective metacyclic promastigotes, perhaps orchestrating the clearly observa

191 acking Mac-1 exhibit a dramatic reduction in promastigote phagocytosis relative to normal bovine mono

192 ole of PS exposure was also addressed during promastigotes phagocytosis by macrophages.

193 amine biosynthetic pathway, are critical for promastigote proliferation and required for maximum infe

194 LHR1/Deltalhr1 promastigotes replicated poorly in heme-deficient media

195 these studies also established that L. major promastigotes require serine for optimal growth.

196 ducible deletion of CRK3 in stationary phase promastigotes resulted in attenuated growth in mice, the

197 investigating the effect of 6j on Leishmania promastigotes revealed that it induced molecular events,

198 fected with MBL-opsonized Leishmania chagasi promastigotes secreted higher levels of tumor necrosis f

199 s proteophosphoglycan (fPPG), a component of promastigote secretory gel found to accompany the parasi

200 is blocked by a gel of parasite origin, the promastigote secretory gel.

201 In contrast, LIT1-null promastigotes showed reduced intracellular iron content

202 Metacyclic lpg5A(-)/lpg5B(-) promastigotes showed strong defects in the initial steps

203 libraries with polyclonal antibodies against promastigote soluble exo-antigens, we have identified a

204 tigote stage (mammalian host) but not in the promastigote stage (insect) of the parasite.

205 able to synthesize LPG2-dependent PGs in the promastigote stage and thus remained highly attenuated i

206 essential for the survival and growth of the promastigote stage of L. donovani and intimate an import

207 The extracellular promastigote stage of Leishmania spp. is transmitted to

208 similar to those of the native enzyme of the promastigote stage parasites.

209 ite differentiates from a dividing procyclic promastigote stage that avoids expulsion from the midgut

210 to the gut wall, to a nondividing metacyclic promastigote stage that is unable to attach to the midgu

211 ly vector to the highly infective metacyclic promastigote stage.

212 was easily induced in both strains using the promastigote-stage, but a significant increase in MIL-R

213 itive and useful for quantification based on promastigote standard curves.

214 Leishmania promastigotes synthesize an abundance of phosphoglycans,

215 ntly expressed in amastigotes and metacyclic promastigotes than in procyclic promastigotes.

216 pregulation of NT1 was achieved in wild-type promastigotes that were transferred to medium deficient

217 ey are expressed predominantly in metacyclic promastigotes (the form in the insect vector which is in

218 trast to the infective parasites (metacyclic promastigotes), the procyclic promastigotes collected at

219 d that reactive oxygen species (ROS) control promastigotes, the infective stage of the parasite, but

220 ent at approximately 15-fold higher level in promastigotes, the insect stage of the parasite life cyc

221 that this activity is essential to L. major promastigotes, the parasite forms found in the insect ve

222 Three days after infection with L. donovani promastigotes, the total extradermal (lymph nodes, liver

223 We also found that Leishmania promastigotes through their surface protease (leishmanol

224 n reduced ability by the parasite to undergo promastigote to amastigote differentiation in vitro.

225 ortant for conversion from the extracellular promastigote to the obligate intracellular amastigote pa

226 adhesion of complement-opsonized metacyclic promastigotes to cells expressing both receptors.

227 of metacyclic and logarithmic-phase L. major promastigotes to complement receptors expressed on prima

228 idative damage and failure of SODA/DeltasodA promastigotes to differentiate into axenic amastigotes.

229 production is likely required for Leishmania promastigotes to generate bulk phospholipids, to handle

230 complement-dependent adhesion of metacyclic promastigotes to human monocyte-derived macrophages and

231 to a much lesser extent, that of metacyclic promastigotes to induce IL-12 were enhanced by pretreatm

232 In this study, we utilized stationary promastigotes to infect bone marrow-derived dendritic ce

233 ajor transforms from non-infective procyclic promastigotes to infective metacyclic promastigotes.

234 the ability of insect-transmitted metacyclic promastigotes to invade mammalian hosts, differentiate i

235 adhesion of complement-opsonized metacyclic promastigotes to Mac-1 is a prerequisite for phagocytosi

236 The ability of the LPG1-deficient promastigotes to persist in the midgut after blood meal

237 aatg4.1 were more susceptible than wild type promastigotes to starvation and oxidative stresses, whic

238 f a life cycle stage with a 9+2 axoneme (the promastigote) to one with a 9+0 axoneme (the amastigote)

239 Differentiation of the insect form, promastigotes, to the vertebrate form, amastigotes, and

240 th L. major infection, which correlated with promastigote transformation into amastigotes.

241 infection or lipophosphoglycan isolated from promastigotes triggered HO-1 production by murine macrop

242 ugh LmjAQP1 is localized to the flagellum of promastigotes, upon phosphorylation, it is relocalized t

243 ficient Ms are inefficient at C3bi-opsonized promastigote uptake, and Arg-deficient Ms are defective

244 wn to be actively transcribed by L. donovani promastigotes using reverse transcription and PCR amplif

245 cacy of an autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) promastigote vaccine (1 mg per dose).

246 blind controlled field study, a killed whole-promastigote vaccine cocktail plus bacille Calmette-Guer

247 was predominantly expressed and secreted by promastigotes via the exosome route.

248 er support for the role of PGs in metacyclic promastigote virulence.

249 eptible BALB/c mice challenged with L. major promastigotes was investigated.

250 jor, a high dose s.c. inoculum of L. chagasi promastigotes was required to elicit protective immunity

251 In fact, in L. donovani promastigotes, we verified for 7 a decrease of cytoplasm

252 urface carbohydrates detected on LCL and MCL promastigotes were alpha-Man, alpha-Glc, and alpha-Gal.

253 LHR1/Deltalhr1 promastigotes were also less effective in reducing ferri

254 1,000 metacyclic promastigotes were coinoculated with a salivary gland so

255 Third, during the stationary phase, iscl(-) promastigotes were extremely vulnerable to acidic pH but

256 Leishmania major promastigotes were found to avoid activation of mouse bo

257 MbetaCD-treated promastigotes were more susceptible to complement-mediat

258 LHR1-null promastigotes were not viable, suggesting that the trans

259 Leishmania donovani promastigotes were shown to release chitinase activity d

260 Promastigotes were transfected with gp63 genes cloned in

261 Metacyclic Leishmania infantum chagasi promastigotes were treated with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin

262 nt3((-/-)) null mutant promastigotes were unable to replicate in medium contain

263 iasis (Lm), once loaded with live metacyclic promastigotes, were found to reactivate autologous prime

264 The BLN-resistant promastigotes when transformed into amastigotes in macro

265 of the complement-dependent phagocytosis of promastigotes, whereas blocking CR1 has no detectable ef

266 e pathway via decarboxylation of pyruvate in promastigotes, whereas pathway redundancy is suggested f

267 Leishmania mexicana promastigotes with an MPK2 deletion showed reduced Sb(II

268 Transfection of promastigotes with L. chagasi HSP70 caused a heat-induci

269 Induction of diCre activity in promastigotes with rapamycin resulted in efficient delet

270 ight reduction in the survival and growth of promastigotes within the early blood-fed midgut.