ライフサイエンスコーパス: proofread

1 corporated nucleotides from the nascent DNA (proofreading).

2 the mispairs tend to be extended rather than proofread.

3 correcting biosynthetic errors that escaped proofreading.

4 ions, and deaths without the need for manual proofreading.

5 ed for high-fidelity replication, likely via proofreading.

6 erroneously incorporated nucleotides during proofreading.

7 e mutant, invoking a mechanism for substrate proofreading.

8 ribosome subunit joining and pre-40S subunit proofreading.

9 many possible ways to inactivate Polepsilon proofreading.

10 physically coordinated to achieve efficient proofreading.

11 nt in solution, which is expected to enhance proofreading.

12 gainst the non-cognate amino acid by kinetic proofreading.

13 action acceleration and strongly reinforcing proofreading.

14 sidues and were strongly predicted to affect proofreading.

15 xoN) activity that probably functions in RNA proofreading.

16 incorporation, RNA transcript extension, and proofreading.

17 elongation and are processed via exonuclease proofreading.

18 to a form that has an increased capacity for proofreading.

19 y partially reversing the effects of kinetic proofreading.

20 o two distinct phases, initial selection and proofreading.

21 nt from those triggered by loss of Pol delta proofreading.

22 d is termed the "P" site because it supports proofreading.

23 -fold, even in the absence of 3'-exonuclease proofreading.

24 imilar to that adopted by the subunit during proofreading.

25 increased mismatch extension and inefficient proofreading.

26 s the central step in co-transcriptional RNA proofreading.

27 ated event sequence during translocation and proofreading.

28 error-correcting mechanism known as kinetic proofreading.

29 -Tu can contribute to efficient and accurate proofreading.

30 l-chemical properties of the ribosome enable proofreading.

31 epresent distinct steps in target search and proofreading.

32 length protein by interfering with ribosomal proofreading.

33 ns that impair DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) proofreading.

34 oration by both substrate discrimination and proofreading.

35 family relies on a built-in exonuclease for proofreading.

36 creased mismatch extension at the expense of proofreading.

37 key to understanding the kinetics of epitope proofreading.

38 alters Pol delta fidelity by modulating the proofreading 3' to 5' exonuclease activity.

39 High-fidelity DNA replication depends on a proofreading 3'-5' exonuclease that is associated with t

40 rently error prone, owing to their lack of a proofreading (3'- 5' exonuclease) domain.

41 leavage, consistent with a role for Prp16 in proofreading 5' splice site cleavage.

42 heckpoint protein, consisting of testing the proofreading ability of the 30S subunit.

43 '- to 5'-exonuclease activity, which confers proofreading ability.

44 -mutant mice show that Pol epsilon and delta proofreading act in parallel pathways to prevent spontan

45 tases prevent mistranslation by relying upon proofreading activities at multiple stages of the aminoa

46 al domain of Pol3, containing polymerase and proofreading activities, could be effectively replaced b

47 integration of RNA polymerase, capping, and proofreading activities.

48 nd as a consequence in different patterns of proofreading activities.

49 deficient for mitochondrial polymerase-gamma proofreading activity (polG(-/-)/ApoE(-/-)).

50 s characteristic low fidelity and absence of proofreading activity allow FMDV to rapidly mutate and a

51 DNA polymerases with proofreading activity are important for accurate amplifi

52 enesis is to use a DNA polymerase that lacks proofreading activity but contributes to DNA replication

53 icative DNA polymerases present an intrinsic proofreading activity during which the DNA primer chain

54 These results are consistent with a proofreading activity for WRN during single-nucleotide a

55 izes with T1 subunits that provide essential proofreading activity in trans.

56 mutagenesis resulting from loss of Poldelta proofreading activity may in part be explained by enhanc

57 To examine if this proofreading activity modulates DNA synthesis of damaged

58 In addition, altering the processivity or proofreading activity of DNA polymerase delta shortened

59 early all mismatch correction depends on the proofreading activity of DNA polymerase-delta, although

60 This created a notion that loss of the proofreading activity of Polepsilon is an initiating cau

61 NA viral polymerases; and that for CoVs, the proofreading activity of the nsp14-ExoN is epistatic to

62 Mutations preventing DNA polymerase proofreading activity or MMR function cause mutator phen

63 nuclease activity and severely decreased the proofreading activity than the wild-type, the bypass eff

64 xpressed (T1) and another (T2) with impaired proofreading activity that also generates mischarged Ser

65 mutation that is defective in signal peptide proofreading activity were employed to distinguish betwe

66 that harbor or lack 3' --> 5'-exonucleolytic proofreading activity were purified from Escherichia col

67 moves the 3'-slipped hairpin using its 3'-5' proofreading activity when the hairpin contains no immed

68 on of DNA polymerase nucleotide selectivity, proofreading activity, and DNA mismatch repair (MMR).

69 Despite its fidelity and proofreading activity, B35DNAP was able to successfully

70 sion is improved to about [1/10(7)] by their proofreading activity.

71 g play important roles in controlling Pol II proofreading activity.

72 ain, a finding consistent with PolA1 lacking proofreading activity.

73 letely block export, indicating an effective proofreading activity.

74 ations, was effectively masked by nsp14-ExoN proofreading activity.

75 site or a thymine-thymine dimer); a greater proofreading activity; an increased exonuclease/polymera

76 binding by the co-chaperone Sgt2 and kinetic proofreading after ATP hydrolysis by the targeting facto

77 te with the rest of the replisome to trigger proofreading after nucleotide misincorporation, leading

78 rate was 99.85% (20,273 spots), and after a proofreading algorithm was added, 100% of 20,304 spots a

79 HOPS proofreading also extends to other parts of the SNARE co

80 nal constraints due to the energetic cost of proofreading also play a role in the error correcting pr

81 ive arbor and network context to iteratively proofread and reconstruct circuits and create anatomical

82 riggered homology search may mainly serve to proofread and stabilize the pre-DSB pairing of homologou

83 hemselves from accidental genome change with proofreading and DNA damage repair systems; localized po

84 Exonucleolytic proofreading and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) act in series

85 The Polg-D257A protein is defective in proofreading and increases mtDNA mutations.

86 ring distinct phases of the overall process (proofreading and initial selection, respectively).

87 in the absence of its 3'-->5' exonucleolytic proofreading and is significantly more accurate than yea

88 Here, we draw an analogy between proofreading and microtubule growth which share some of

89 NA replication errors that escape polymerase proofreading and mismatch repair (MMR) can lead to base

90 s are repaired by two components: polymerase proofreading and mismatch repair.

91 sequence instability conferred by defects in proofreading and MMR have important biological implicati

92 on gene suggests that factors in addition to proofreading and MMR influence leading-strand DNA replic

93 ffect the backtracking of RNAP necessary for proofreading and potentially the reactivity of the backt

94 ing DNA maintenance methylation, providing a proofreading and protective mechanism against a possible

95 ch as coronaviruses (CoVs), RNA viruses lack proofreading and thus are dependent on RdRps to control

96 nition or those that also participate in the proofreading and translocation functions of SecA.

97 ious errors may be markers of cursory if any proofreading and, therefore, markers for additional unid

98 f hundreds of genes involved in replication, proofreading, and damage repair.

99 bortive initiation may be viewed as promoter proofreading, and the structural transitions as checkpoi

100 on machinery can switch between replication, proofreading, and translesion synthesis.

101 Nucleotide selectivity and proofreading are affected by the balance and concentrati

102 replication, and rare mismatches that escape proofreading are corrected by mismatch repair (MMR).

103 Rare errors that elude proofreading are extended into duplex DNA and excised by

104 The energetic costs of this proofreading are met by the hydrolytic turnover of a pho

105 HOPS proofreads at two levels, inhibiting the formation of tr

106 introns that may otherwise be discarded via proofreading ATPases.

107 and particularly the influence of a kinetic proofreading base negative feedback state on pSHP1 dynam

108 ctural modifications of the familiar kinetic proofreading biochemical network diagram.

109 most half of inserted ribonucleotides escape proofreading by 3' --> 5' exonuclease-proficient Pol eps

110 herichia coli DNA polymerase II and inhibits proofreading by E. coli DNA polymerase III, while permit

111 terminal transferase, blocks exonucleolytic proofreading by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase II and i

112 lication rate after misincorporation, and 3) proofreading by excision of misincorporated bases.

113 ia coli, GreB is an SC protein that promotes proofreading by transcript cleavage in elongation comple

114 nition and removal of mispaired nucleotides (proofreading) by the exonuclease activity of DNA polymer

115 We also show that proofreading can remain effective when the intended sign

116 We show that a generic proofreading cascade supplemented by a single negative f

117 he first and rate-limiting step in a kinetic proofreading chain of events that eventually leads to TC

118 ts proposed role in a multiprotein replicase-proofreading complex.

119 Proofreading defects in the replicative polymerases sele

120 Proofreading defects in this enzyme drive a number of hu

121 AN1 locus, and is synthetic lethal with both proofreading deficiency and mismatch repair deficiency.

122 Furthermore, proofreading deficiency enhances the capability of Polde

123 or phenotype of pol2-4 (encoding Pol epsilon proofreading deficiency) and is synthetically lethal wit

124 A mismatch repair and DNA polymerase epsilon proofreading deficiency, along with concordant mutation

125 ma) mutant mice, we found that mice with the proofreading deficient mtDNA polymerase have a significa

126 During nuclear DNA replication, proofreading-deficient DNA polymerase alpha (Pol alpha)

127 based on the limited mutagenesis of mtDNA by proofreading-deficient DNA-polymerase gamma followed by

128 uman DNA polymerase theta (pol or POLQ) is a proofreading-deficient family A enzyme implicated in tra

129 Purified proofreading-deficient human Poldelta holoenzyme perform

130 ns in the skeletal muscle of patients with a proofreading-deficient mtDNA polymerase gamma due to POL

131 he mtDNA mutator mouse, a mouse model with a proofreading-deficient mtDNA polymerase gamma, was shown

132 idelity at the same template site, using the proofreading-deficient mutant of Klenow fragment (KF(-))

133 y strong mutator phenotype exceeding that of proofreading-deficient mutants by two orders of magnitud

134 absence of p12, Pol delta is more likely to proofread DNA synthesis because it cleaves single-strand

135 GGGG and GGGGHGG can cause PCR failure using proofreading DNA polymerases but not Taq DNA polymerase.

136 Here we showed that proofreading DNA polymerases can be inhibited by certain

137 merous efforts have been made to improve the proofreading DNA polymerases, they are more susceptible

138 ore susceptible to be failed in PCR than non-proofreading DNA polymerases.

139 naE1 itself encodes an editing function that proofreads DNA replication, mediated by an intrinsic 3'-

140 Unlike some other SM proteins, HOPS proofreading does not require the Vam3p (Q(a)) N-termina

141 bacterial ProRSs possess an alanine-specific proofreading domain (INS) but lack the capability to edi

142 We examined the association of POLE proofreading domain mutation with clinicopathological va

143 POLE proofreading domain mutations identify a subset of immun

144 We also identified POLE proofreading domain mutations in three endometrioid ovar

145 tion, occasional mismatches that do form are proofread during replication, and rare mismatches that e

146 misincorporation of incorrect nucleotides by proofreading during replication.

147 thful aa-tRNA synthesis, many aaRSs employ a proofreading ("editing") activity, such as phenylalanyl-

148 This kinetic proofreading effect would additionally serve as a stocha

149 and the resulting 8-oxo-G-A mismatch was not proofread efficiently by the intrinsic 3' exonuclease ac

150 elerate the tedious and time-consuming human proofreading effort.

151 We found that inactivation of Pol epsilon proofreading elevates base-substitution mutations and ac

152 ubstrate discrimination and rigorous product proofreading ensure tRNAs are paired with the correct am

153 mplex that in turn associates with the nsp14 proofreading enzyme sheds light on how coronaviruses ass

154 nslocates and pauses along the DNA template, proofreads errors, and ultimately terminates transcripti

155 e the second phosphorylation site allows for proofreading, especially when phosphorylation is distrib

156 ) are the only known RNA viruses to encode a proofreading exonuclease (nsp14-ExoN), as well as other

157 his article, the interplay between the 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease activity and binding of uracil/

158 Deleting the 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease activity reduced fidelity twofo

159 due to their intrinsic base selectivity and proofreading exonuclease activity which, when coupled wi

160 2, and site-directed mutants of each lacking proofreading exonuclease activity.

161 se reverse transcriptase (RT) lacks 3' to 5' proofreading exonuclease and can extend mismatches.

162 Thus the 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease contributes to the inability of

163 Tumors with somatic mutations in the proofreading exonuclease domain of DNA polymerase epsilo

164 it relies on the DNA sliding clamp beta, the proofreading exonuclease epsilon and the C-terminal doma

165 CoVs encode a proofreading exonuclease in nonstructural protein 14 (ns

166 Inactivation of the 3' --> 5' proofreading exonuclease of DNA polymerase II did not en

167 e between the polymerase active site and the proofreading exonuclease site.

168 ut also contains a second Zn(2)(+)-dependent proofreading exonuclease, at least in some bacteria.

169 ains the stimulation of the polymerase 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease, observed with deaminated bases

170 The mutations map to equivalent sites in the proofreading (exonuclease) domain of DNA polymerases var

171 ilon and delta, respectively) have intrinsic proofreading exonucleases that cooperate with each other

172 Both Pols possess intrinsic proofreading exonucleases that edit errors during polyme

173 ronaviruses encode the first known viral RNA proofreading exoribonuclease, a function that likely all

174 cells, and 5-7% of all ECs in cells lacking proofreading factors are, in fact, misincorporated compl

175 ed complexes may be the main function of the proofreading factors Gre and TFIIS.

176 We also present evidence that WRN can proofread for Pol delta; WRN excises 3'-terminal mismatc

177 bonuclease activity (ExoN), which performs a proofreading function and is required for high-fidelity

178 recombinants showed evidence that Pol delta proofreading function is active during MMEJ-mediated DSB

179 CRC risk variants that adversely affect the proofreading function of DNA polymerases encoded by POLE

180 Human DUE-B also retains the aminoacyl-tRNA proofreading function of its shorter orthologs in lower

181 trates less efficiently in vitro, allows the proofreading function of polymerase III to reverse their

182 mtDNA mutations via a targeted defect in the proofreading function of the mtDNA polymerase, PolgA, an

183 ls that receptor clustering serves a kinetic proofreading function, enabling ligands with longer boun

184 of Sec proteins, and lose the signal-peptide proofreading function, resembling the effects of PrlA mu

185 n architectures that segregate synthetic and proofreading functions into discrete domains; the use of

186 ics of DNA strand binding or by serving as a proofreading gate to prevent ligation of incoming DNA st

187 the bifurcate pathways of translocation and proofreading have been unwittingly captured by hundreds

188 Importantly, a proofreading hierarchy was uncovered, where a QcrA mutan

189 Phosphoryl transfer and proofreading hydrolysis are controlled in part by a dyna

190 ttle effect on either phosphoryl transfer or proofreading hydrolysis by Escherichia coli RNAP.

191 Our findings identify the molecular basis of proofreading in bacteria, highlight the pivotal role of

192 The results rationalize the existence of proofreading in code reading and have implications for t

193 his hypothesis, we have inactivated Poldelta proofreading in pold3 cells.

194 es increase responsiveness and allow kinetic proofreading in receptor signaling.

195 er, phylogenetic analysis of DNA replication proofreading in the bacterial kingdom suggests that E. c

196 This argues for the presence of this proofreading in the common ancestor of both IleRS types

197 his analogy, we find a new kinetic regime of proofreading in which an exponential speed-up of the pro

198 To determine if the lack of proofreading is a historical coincidence or a functional

199 The creation of RTX confirms that proofreading is compatible with reverse transcription.

200 The predominant mechanism of proofreading is the excision of a dinucleotide in the pr

201 genetic outlier and that PHP domain-mediated proofreading is widely conserved and indeed may be the a

202 The kinetic proofreading (KPR) model postulates that strand passage

203 -receptor is shown to benefit from a kinetic proofreading locking mechanism and is able to overcome p

204 lobally by avoiding making errors (e.g., via proofreading machinery) or locally by ensuring that each

205 Coronaviruses encode proofreading machinery, unique in the RNA virus world, t

206 Our results highlight a proofreading mechanism beyond initial protospacer adjace

207 c cooperativity and Hopfield-Ninio's kinetic proofreading mechanism for specificity amplification.

208 We suggest that the proofreading mechanism has evolved to attenuate error ho

209 Our findings support a kinetic proofreading mechanism in which the active site residues

210 The number of bases removed by this proofreading mechanism is much larger than the number of

211 discussed within the context of the kinetic proofreading mechanism of aminoacylated tRNA (aa-tRNA) s

212 signal by Yos9p is well suited to provide a proofreading mechanism that enhances substrate specifici

213 ll receptor avidity for self-pMHC provides a proofreading mechanism to maintain some of the fittest T

214 tively, our work unveils a unique structural proofreading mechanism where toggling between two confor

215 etic intermediates, through a conformational proofreading mechanism.

216 be an obligatory step in the DNA polymerase proofreading mechanism.

217 rect nucleotides after misincorporation as a proofreading mechanism.

218 e accuracy by utilizing a multi-step kinetic proofreading mechanism.

219 nities, in an apparent extracellular "ligand proofreading" mechanism that modulates biological activi

220 Kinetic proofreading mechanisms can provide the required specifi

221 Proofreading mechanisms increase specificity in biochemi

222 roducing charged tRNAs and are equipped with proofreading mechanisms to ensure correct pairing of tRN

223 complexes in the space of chemical states in proofreading mechanisms.

224 els of discrimination with the assistance of proofreading mechanisms.

225 e DNA polymerase (nucleotide selectivity and proofreading), mismatch repair, a balanced supply of nuc

226 ity short t(1/2) ligands to follow a kinetic proofreading model.

227 nduced rebinding to the same pMHC in kinetic proofreading models enhances the sensitivity of TCR reco

228 igands involves an interplay between kinetic proofreading, negative feedback and a destruction of thi

229 and is sharply defined in the limit of large proofreading networks.

230 we developed an in vitro assay sensitive to proofreading of 5' splice site cleavage.

231 ent affinities for EF-Tu to demonstrate that proofreading of aa-tRNAs occurs in two consecutive steps

232 amlines the online analysis, measurement and proofreading of complicated image patterns by combining

233 e the species that promote resection of DNA, proofreading of homologous pairing, and migration of Hol

234 Specific regulatory pathways promote kinetic proofreading of membrane surfaces by Rab GTPases, and pe

235 inding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A/T-site and proofreading of near-cognate tRNA are sensitive to pertu

236 r accurate annealing involving DdrB-mediated proofreading of strand complementarity.

237 ipation of the Tat translocase in structural proofreading of substrate proteins and reveals epitopes

238 etic information and is ensured, in part, by proofreading of the newly synthesized aminoacyl-tRNAs.

239 ic activity of Gre, while ensuring efficient proofreading of transcription and resolution of backtrac

240 oteasome-mediated proteolysis, meaning that "proofreading" of ubiquitylation by ubiquitin proteases (

241 transcription xenopolymerase (RTX) actively proofreads on DNA and RNA templates, which greatly impro

242 Similarly, two metal ions are required for proofreading; one helps to lower the pKa of the attackin

243 that pre-transfer hydrolysis contributes to proofreading only when the rate of transfer is slowed si

244 ons in a 3' to 5' direction to achieve 3'-ss proofreading or exon release, respectively.

245 o specimens had somatic mutations in the DNA proofreading or mismatch repair genes POLE, MLH1, and MS

246 tation was combined with defects in Poldelta proofreading or mismatch repair, indicating that pathway

247 Strains that lack Pol proofreading or MMR exhibit a 10- to 100-fold increase i

248 table, suggesting that defects in either DNA proofreading or MMR provide alternative mechanisms to ac

249 using electron microscopy demands laborious proofreading or reconciliation of multiple independent r

250 ory syndrome (SARS)-CoV an RNA synthesis and proofreading pathway through association of nsp14 with t

251 widespread evolutionary conservation of aaRS proofreading pathways, requirements for translation qual

252 onship exists between defects in Pol epsilon proofreading (pol2-4) and MMR.

253 enotype), and inactivation of both Pol delta proofreading (pol3-01) and MMR is lethal due to replicat

254 defects in DNA polymerase delta (Pol delta) proofreading (pol3-01) and nucleotide selectivity (pol3-

255 ompounded by somatic loss of function in DNA proofreading polymerases, resulting in 'ultra-hypermutat

256 m of DNA synthesis that could be part of the proofreading process.

257 with lower fidelity than bulk replication by proofreading-proficient Pol delta or Pol epsilon.

258 This aaRS proofreading provides quality control checkpoints that e

259 t may work as a fidelity check point for the proofreading reaction.

260 us of the sRNA seed region may help to both 'proofread' recognition and activate mRNA cleavage, as pa

261 This 'tag-team proofreading' represents a more general mechanism to ens

262 clease epsilon that provide processivity and proofreading, respectively.

263 These functions include proofreading, scavenging of nutrients, removal of antime

264 ss this question in the context of a kinetic proofreading scheme used in a simple model of early-time

265 of speed-error tradeoff might be present in proofreading schemes studied earlier in the charging of

266 intermediates, with the 0-layer serving as a proofreading site for correct SNARE assembly.

267 d ss-DNA similarly, despite the absence of a proofreading site in Klentaq.

268 Klentaq, however, does not have a functional proofreading site.

269 NARE complexes, and HOPS, which promotes and proofreads SNARE assembly, act synergistically to form f

270 HOPS thus proofreads SNARE domain and N-terminal domain structures

271 tor Tu (EF-Tu) and GTP and then, again, in a proofreading step after GTP hydrolysis on EF-Tu.

272 NLISA is surface-free and includes a kinetic-proofreading step for purification, enabling both enhanc

273 A processing steps contributing to a kinetic proofreading step that allows properly processed mRNA to

274 e of EF-Tu during aa-tRNA accommodation (the proofreading step) through the use of energy landscape p

275 on is achieved by an initial selection and a proofreading step, mediated by EF-Tu, which forms a tern

276 lular pool of L-aminoacyl-tRNAs escapes this proofreading step.

277 A polymerases (Pol-D) comprise a small (DP1) proofreading subunit and a large (DP2) polymerase subuni

278 Pol III alpha, ablating interaction with the proofreading subunit and distorting the polymerase activ

279 e proofreading subunit or involvement of the proofreading subunit in a futile cycle of base insertion

280 odes DNA polymerase III epsilon subunit, the proofreading subunit of the replicative polymerase.

281 In Escherichia coli, the proofreading subunit of the replisome, the varepsilon ex

282 ould be due to a recruitment function of the proofreading subunit or involvement of the proofreading

283 gene encoding the replicative DNA polymerase proofreading subunit suppressed the dominant negative ph

284 ere we show that mouse Pol epsilon and delta proofreading suppress discrete mutator and cancer phenot

285 incorporation and provides an opportunity to proofread the error.

286 Gre factors efficiently proofread the errors and rescue the backtracked complexe

287 ds in deciphering the mechanism by which Msd proofreads the base milieu for mutagens.

288 ensures accurate surveillance mechanism that proofreads the efficiency of mRNA biogenesis.

289 example phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) proofreads the non-protein hydroxylated phenylalanine de

290 Journals instruct authors to proofread their accepted manuscripts before signing them

291 enzyme acting as a molecular vise, the RNAs proofread themselves through differential responses to i

292 The Tat apparatus thus proofreads these substrates and directly initiates the t

293 rom thermodynamic equilibrium, as in kinetic proofreading, this barrier can be breached and greater s

294 Being unfoldases, the chaperones can proofread three-dimensional protein structures and thus

295 ch repair system providing a second level of proofreading, to ensure that ectopic sequences are not r

296 ograde tRNA nuclear import might function in proofreading tRNAs to ensure that only proper tRNAs resi

297 ction through Gly-cisPro motif during chiral proofreading underlies the inability of D-aminoacyl-tRNA

298 owed us to investigate the mechanisms of the proofreading using the method of first-passage processes

299 he kinetic interplay between replication and proofreading, we used high-resolution optical tweezers t

300 of cellular signaling incorporating kinetic proofreading with limited signaling coupled to an incohe