ライフサイエンスコーパス: proofreading

1 corporated nucleotides from the nascent DNA (proofreading).

2 correcting biosynthetic errors that escaped proofreading.

3 ions, and deaths without the need for manual proofreading.

4 ed for high-fidelity replication, likely via proofreading.

5 erroneously incorporated nucleotides during proofreading.

6 e mutant, invoking a mechanism for substrate proofreading.

7 ribosome subunit joining and pre-40S subunit proofreading.

8 many possible ways to inactivate Polepsilon proofreading.

9 physically coordinated to achieve efficient proofreading.

10 nt in solution, which is expected to enhance proofreading.

11 gainst the non-cognate amino acid by kinetic proofreading.

12 action acceleration and strongly reinforcing proofreading.

13 sidues and were strongly predicted to affect proofreading.

14 xoN) activity that probably functions in RNA proofreading.

15 incorporation, RNA transcript extension, and proofreading.

16 elongation and are processed via exonuclease proofreading.

17 to a form that has an increased capacity for proofreading.

18 y partially reversing the effects of kinetic proofreading.

19 o two distinct phases, initial selection and proofreading.

20 nt from those triggered by loss of Pol delta proofreading.

21 d is termed the "P" site because it supports proofreading.

22 -fold, even in the absence of 3'-exonuclease proofreading.

23 imilar to that adopted by the subunit during proofreading.

24 increased mismatch extension and inefficient proofreading.

25 stulated to afford opportunities for kinetic proofreading.

26 rase can correct the error by 3' exonuclease proofreading.

27 s the central step in co-transcriptional RNA proofreading.

28 ated event sequence during translocation and proofreading.

29 -Tu can contribute to efficient and accurate proofreading.

30 error-correcting mechanism known as kinetic proofreading.

31 l-chemical properties of the ribosome enable proofreading.

32 epresent distinct steps in target search and proofreading.

33 length protein by interfering with ribosomal proofreading.

34 ns that impair DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) proofreading.

35 oration by both substrate discrimination and proofreading.

36 family relies on a built-in exonuclease for proofreading.

37 creased mismatch extension at the expense of proofreading.

38 key to understanding the kinetics of epitope proofreading.

39 alters Pol delta fidelity by modulating the proofreading 3' to 5' exonuclease activity.

40 High-fidelity DNA replication depends on a proofreading 3'-5' exonuclease that is associated with t

41 rently error prone, owing to their lack of a proofreading (3'- 5' exonuclease) domain.

42 leavage, consistent with a role for Prp16 in proofreading 5' splice site cleavage.

43 heckpoint protein, consisting of testing the proofreading ability of the 30S subunit.

44 '- to 5'-exonuclease activity, which confers proofreading ability.

45 -mutant mice show that Pol epsilon and delta proofreading act in parallel pathways to prevent spontan

46 tases prevent mistranslation by relying upon proofreading activities at multiple stages of the aminoa

47 al domain of Pol3, containing polymerase and proofreading activities, could be effectively replaced b

48 integration of RNA polymerase, capping, and proofreading activities.

49 nd as a consequence in different patterns of proofreading activities.

50 deficient for mitochondrial polymerase-gamma proofreading activity (polG(-/-)/ApoE(-/-)).

51 s characteristic low fidelity and absence of proofreading activity allow FMDV to rapidly mutate and a

52 DNA polymerases with proofreading activity are important for accurate amplifi

53 enesis is to use a DNA polymerase that lacks proofreading activity but contributes to DNA replication

54 ification of primers and DNA polymerase with proofreading activity completely eliminated mismatch amp

55 icative DNA polymerases present an intrinsic proofreading activity during which the DNA primer chain

56 These results are consistent with a proofreading activity for WRN during single-nucleotide a

57 izes with T1 subunits that provide essential proofreading activity in trans.

58 ributive DNA polymerase that lacks intrinsic proofreading activity in vitro.

59 mutagenesis resulting from loss of Poldelta proofreading activity may in part be explained by enhanc

60 To examine if this proofreading activity modulates DNA synthesis of damaged

61 In addition, altering the processivity or proofreading activity of DNA polymerase delta shortened

62 early all mismatch correction depends on the proofreading activity of DNA polymerase-delta, although

63 nctions to correct mutations that escape the proofreading activity of DNA polymerase.

64 This created a notion that loss of the proofreading activity of Polepsilon is an initiating cau

65 NA viral polymerases; and that for CoVs, the proofreading activity of the nsp14-ExoN is epistatic to

66 Mutations preventing DNA polymerase proofreading activity or MMR function cause mutator phen

67 nuclease activity and severely decreased the proofreading activity than the wild-type, the bypass eff

68 xpressed (T1) and another (T2) with impaired proofreading activity that also generates mischarged Ser

69 mutation that is defective in signal peptide proofreading activity were employed to distinguish betwe

70 that harbor or lack 3' --> 5'-exonucleolytic proofreading activity were purified from Escherichia col

71 moves the 3'-slipped hairpin using its 3'-5' proofreading activity when the hairpin contains no immed

72 on of DNA polymerase nucleotide selectivity, proofreading activity, and DNA mismatch repair (MMR).

73 Despite its fidelity and proofreading activity, B35DNAP was able to successfully

74 sion is improved to about [1/10(7)] by their proofreading activity.

75 g play important roles in controlling Pol II proofreading activity.

76 ain, a finding consistent with PolA1 lacking proofreading activity.

77 letely block export, indicating an effective proofreading activity.

78 ations, was effectively masked by nsp14-ExoN proofreading activity.

79 site or a thymine-thymine dimer); a greater proofreading activity; an increased exonuclease/polymera

80 binding by the co-chaperone Sgt2 and kinetic proofreading after ATP hydrolysis by the targeting facto

81 te with the rest of the replisome to trigger proofreading after nucleotide misincorporation, leading

82 rate was 99.85% (20,273 spots), and after a proofreading algorithm was added, 100% of 20,304 spots a

83 Here, a modified ASA termed phosphorothioate proofreading allele-specific amplification (PP-ASA) is d

84 HOPS proofreading also extends to other parts of the SNARE co

85 nal constraints due to the energetic cost of proofreading also play a role in the error correcting pr

86 hemselves from accidental genome change with proofreading and DNA damage repair systems; localized po

87 Exonucleolytic proofreading and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) act in series

88 The Polg-D257A protein is defective in proofreading and increases mtDNA mutations.

89 ring distinct phases of the overall process (proofreading and initial selection, respectively).

90 in the absence of its 3'-->5' exonucleolytic proofreading and is significantly more accurate than yea

91 Here, we draw an analogy between proofreading and microtubule growth which share some of

92 NA replication errors that escape polymerase proofreading and mismatch repair (MMR) can lead to base

93 s are repaired by two components: polymerase proofreading and mismatch repair.

94 sequence instability conferred by defects in proofreading and MMR have important biological implicati

95 on gene suggests that factors in addition to proofreading and MMR influence leading-strand DNA replic

96 ffect the backtracking of RNAP necessary for proofreading and potentially the reactivity of the backt

97 ing DNA maintenance methylation, providing a proofreading and protective mechanism against a possible

98 ch as coronaviruses (CoVs), RNA viruses lack proofreading and thus are dependent on RdRps to control

99 nition or those that also participate in the proofreading and translocation functions of SecA.

100 ious errors may be markers of cursory if any proofreading and, therefore, markers for additional unid

101 f hundreds of genes involved in replication, proofreading, and damage repair.

102 bortive initiation may be viewed as promoter proofreading, and the structural transitions as checkpoi

103 on machinery can switch between replication, proofreading, and translesion synthesis.

104 Nucleotide selectivity and proofreading are affected by the balance and concentrati

105 replication, and rare mismatches that escape proofreading are corrected by mismatch repair (MMR).

106 Rare errors that elude proofreading are extended into duplex DNA and excised by

107 The energetic costs of this proofreading are met by the hydrolytic turnover of a pho

108 introns that may otherwise be discarded via proofreading ATPases.

109 and particularly the influence of a kinetic proofreading base negative feedback state on pSHP1 dynam

110 ctural modifications of the familiar kinetic proofreading biochemical network diagram.

111 most half of inserted ribonucleotides escape proofreading by 3' --> 5' exonuclease-proficient Pol eps

112 herichia coli DNA polymerase II and inhibits proofreading by E. coli DNA polymerase III, while permit

113 terminal transferase, blocks exonucleolytic proofreading by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase II and i

114 lication rate after misincorporation, and 3) proofreading by excision of misincorporated bases.

115 thymine and cytosine O6MeG base pairs evade proofreading by mimicking the essential molecular featur

116 ia coli, GreB is an SC protein that promotes proofreading by transcript cleavage in elongation comple

117 nition and removal of mispaired nucleotides (proofreading) by the exonuclease activity of DNA polymer

118 We also show that proofreading can remain effective when the intended sign

119 We show that a generic proofreading cascade supplemented by a single negative f

120 he first and rate-limiting step in a kinetic proofreading chain of events that eventually leads to TC

121 ts proposed role in a multiprotein replicase-proofreading complex.

122 Proofreading defects in the replicative polymerases sele

123 Proofreading defects in this enzyme drive a number of hu

124 AN1 locus, and is synthetic lethal with both proofreading deficiency and mismatch repair deficiency.

125 Furthermore, proofreading deficiency enhances the capability of Polde

126 or phenotype of pol2-4 (encoding Pol epsilon proofreading deficiency) and is synthetically lethal wit

127 A mismatch repair and DNA polymerase epsilon proofreading deficiency, along with concordant mutation

128 ma) mutant mice, we found that mice with the proofreading deficient mtDNA polymerase have a significa

129 During nuclear DNA replication, proofreading-deficient DNA polymerase alpha (Pol alpha)

130 based on the limited mutagenesis of mtDNA by proofreading-deficient DNA-polymerase gamma followed by

131 uman DNA polymerase theta (pol or POLQ) is a proofreading-deficient family A enzyme implicated in tra

132 Purified proofreading-deficient human Poldelta holoenzyme perform

133 ns in the skeletal muscle of patients with a proofreading-deficient mtDNA polymerase gamma due to POL

134 he mtDNA mutator mouse, a mouse model with a proofreading-deficient mtDNA polymerase gamma, was shown

135 idelity at the same template site, using the proofreading-deficient mutant of Klenow fragment (KF(-))

136 y strong mutator phenotype exceeding that of proofreading-deficient mutants by two orders of magnitud

137 GGGG and GGGGHGG can cause PCR failure using proofreading DNA polymerases but not Taq DNA polymerase.

138 Here we showed that proofreading DNA polymerases can be inhibited by certain

139 merous efforts have been made to improve the proofreading DNA polymerases, they are more susceptible

140 ore susceptible to be failed in PCR than non-proofreading DNA polymerases.

141 Unlike some other SM proteins, HOPS proofreading does not require the Vam3p (Q(a)) N-termina

142 bacterial ProRSs possess an alanine-specific proofreading domain (INS) but lack the capability to edi

143 We examined the association of POLE proofreading domain mutation with clinicopathological va

144 POLE proofreading domain mutations identify a subset of immun

145 We also identified POLE proofreading domain mutations in three endometrioid ovar

146 ar Ca(2+), and degranulation exhibit kinetic proofreading downstream of LAT phosphorylation.

147 misincorporation of incorrect nucleotides by proofreading during replication.

148 thful aa-tRNA synthesis, many aaRSs employ a proofreading ("editing") activity, such as phenylalanyl-

149 This kinetic proofreading effect would additionally serve as a stocha

150 elerate the tedious and time-consuming human proofreading effort.

151 We found that inactivation of Pol epsilon proofreading elevates base-substitution mutations and ac

152 ubstrate discrimination and rigorous product proofreading ensure tRNAs are paired with the correct am

153 mplex that in turn associates with the nsp14 proofreading enzyme sheds light on how coronaviruses ass

154 tifs of cellular exonucleases, including DNA proofreading enzymes, and the severe acute respiratory s

155 e the second phosphorylation site allows for proofreading, especially when phosphorylation is distrib

156 We discuss whether these proofreading events preferentially occur during a "pione

157 ) are the only known RNA viruses to encode a proofreading exonuclease (nsp14-ExoN), as well as other

158 his article, the interplay between the 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease activity and binding of uracil/

159 f Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I with the proofreading exonuclease activity inactivated.

160 Deleting the 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease activity reduced fidelity twofo

161 due to their intrinsic base selectivity and proofreading exonuclease activity which, when coupled wi

162 2, and site-directed mutants of each lacking proofreading exonuclease activity.

163 se reverse transcriptase (RT) lacks 3' to 5' proofreading exonuclease and can extend mismatches.

164 Thus the 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease contributes to the inability of

165 Tumors with somatic mutations in the proofreading exonuclease domain of DNA polymerase epsilo

166 it relies on the DNA sliding clamp beta, the proofreading exonuclease epsilon and the C-terminal doma

167 The proofreading exonuclease favored the removal of an incor

168 CoVs encode a proofreading exonuclease in nonstructural protein 14 (ns

169 Inactivation of the 3' --> 5' proofreading exonuclease of DNA polymerase II did not en

170 e between the polymerase active site and the proofreading exonuclease site.

171 ut also contains a second Zn(2)(+)-dependent proofreading exonuclease, at least in some bacteria.

172 ains the stimulation of the polymerase 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease, observed with deaminated bases

173 The mutations map to equivalent sites in the proofreading (exonuclease) domain of DNA polymerases var

174 ilon and delta, respectively) have intrinsic proofreading exonucleases that cooperate with each other

175 Both Pols possess intrinsic proofreading exonucleases that edit errors during polyme

176 ronaviruses encode the first known viral RNA proofreading exoribonuclease, a function that likely all

177 cells, and 5-7% of all ECs in cells lacking proofreading factors are, in fact, misincorporated compl

178 ed complexes may be the main function of the proofreading factors Gre and TFIIS.

179 bonuclease activity (ExoN), which performs a proofreading function and is required for high-fidelity

180 We suggest that Aprataxin may have a general proofreading function in DNA repair, removing DNA adenyl

181 recombinants showed evidence that Pol delta proofreading function is active during MMEJ-mediated DSB

182 CRC risk variants that adversely affect the proofreading function of DNA polymerases encoded by POLE

183 Human DUE-B also retains the aminoacyl-tRNA proofreading function of its shorter orthologs in lower

184 trates less efficiently in vitro, allows the proofreading function of polymerase III to reverse their

185 mtDNA mutations via a targeted defect in the proofreading function of the mtDNA polymerase, PolgA, an

186 ls that receptor clustering serves a kinetic proofreading function, enabling ligands with longer boun

187 of Sec proteins, and lose the signal-peptide proofreading function, resembling the effects of PrlA mu

188 n architectures that segregate synthetic and proofreading functions into discrete domains; the use of

189 ics of DNA strand binding or by serving as a proofreading gate to prevent ligation of incoming DNA st

190 the bifurcate pathways of translocation and proofreading have been unwittingly captured by hundreds

191 Importantly, a proofreading hierarchy was uncovered, where a QcrA mutan

192 Phosphoryl transfer and proofreading hydrolysis are controlled in part by a dyna

193 ttle effect on either phosphoryl transfer or proofreading hydrolysis by Escherichia coli RNAP.

194 Our findings identify the molecular basis of proofreading in bacteria, highlight the pivotal role of

195 The results rationalize the existence of proofreading in code reading and have implications for t

196 his hypothesis, we have inactivated Poldelta proofreading in pold3 cells.

197 es increase responsiveness and allow kinetic proofreading in receptor signaling.

198 er, phylogenetic analysis of DNA replication proofreading in the bacterial kingdom suggests that E. c

199 This argues for the presence of this proofreading in the common ancestor of both IleRS types

200 his analogy, we find a new kinetic regime of proofreading in which an exponential speed-up of the pro

201 r binding through a mechanism called kinetic proofreading in which the formation of an activated rece

202 To determine if the lack of proofreading is a historical coincidence or a functional

203 The creation of RTX confirms that proofreading is compatible with reverse transcription.

204 ple mathematical models predict that kinetic proofreading is limited to the initial complex; once the

205 The predominant mechanism of proofreading is the excision of a dinucleotide in the pr

206 genetic outlier and that PHP domain-mediated proofreading is widely conserved and indeed may be the a

207 The kinetic proofreading (KPR) model postulates that strand passage

208 -receptor is shown to benefit from a kinetic proofreading locking mechanism and is able to overcome p

209 lobally by avoiding making errors (e.g., via proofreading machinery) or locally by ensuring that each

210 Coronaviruses encode proofreading machinery, unique in the RNA virus world, t

211 Our results highlight a proofreading mechanism beyond initial protospacer adjace

212 c cooperativity and Hopfield-Ninio's kinetic proofreading mechanism for specificity amplification.

213 We suggest that the proofreading mechanism has evolved to attenuate error ho

214 Our findings support a kinetic proofreading mechanism in which the active site residues

215 The number of bases removed by this proofreading mechanism is much larger than the number of

216 discussed within the context of the kinetic proofreading mechanism of aminoacylated tRNA (aa-tRNA) s

217 signal by Yos9p is well suited to provide a proofreading mechanism that enhances substrate specifici

218 ll receptor avidity for self-pMHC provides a proofreading mechanism to maintain some of the fittest T

219 tively, our work unveils a unique structural proofreading mechanism where toggling between two confor

220 etic intermediates, through a conformational proofreading mechanism.

221 be an obligatory step in the DNA polymerase proofreading mechanism.

222 rect nucleotides after misincorporation as a proofreading mechanism.

223 e accuracy by utilizing a multi-step kinetic proofreading mechanism.

224 nities, in an apparent extracellular "ligand proofreading" mechanism that modulates biological activi

225 Kinetic proofreading mechanisms can provide the required specifi

226 Proofreading mechanisms increase specificity in biochemi

227 roducing charged tRNAs and are equipped with proofreading mechanisms to ensure correct pairing of tRN

228 complexes in the space of chemical states in proofreading mechanisms.

229 els of discrimination with the assistance of proofreading mechanisms.

230 This suggests that an assay for kinetic proofreading might be used to determine which activation

231 e DNA polymerase (nucleotide selectivity and proofreading), mismatch repair, a balanced supply of nuc

232 tween the random order assembly with kinetic proofreading model and a sequential assembly model is ma

233 ity short t(1/2) ligands to follow a kinetic proofreading model.

234 antages of the random order assembly/kinetic proofreading model.

235 nduced rebinding to the same pMHC in kinetic proofreading models enhances the sensitivity of TCR reco

236 igands involves an interplay between kinetic proofreading, negative feedback and a destruction of thi

237 and is sharply defined in the limit of large proofreading networks.

238 we developed an in vitro assay sensitive to proofreading of 5' splice site cleavage.

239 ent affinities for EF-Tu to demonstrate that proofreading of aa-tRNAs occurs in two consecutive steps

240 amlines the online analysis, measurement and proofreading of complicated image patterns by combining

241 e the species that promote resection of DNA, proofreading of homologous pairing, and migration of Hol

242 Specific regulatory pathways promote kinetic proofreading of membrane surfaces by Rab GTPases, and pe

243 inding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A/T-site and proofreading of near-cognate tRNA are sensitive to pertu

244 r accurate annealing involving DdrB-mediated proofreading of strand complementarity.

245 ipation of the Tat translocase in structural proofreading of substrate proteins and reveals epitopes

246 etic information and is ensured, in part, by proofreading of the newly synthesized aminoacyl-tRNAs.

247 ic activity of Gre, while ensuring efficient proofreading of transcription and resolution of backtrac

248 oteasome-mediated proteolysis, meaning that "proofreading" of ubiquitylation by ubiquitin proteases (

249 Similarly, two metal ions are required for proofreading; one helps to lower the pKa of the attackin

250 that pre-transfer hydrolysis contributes to proofreading only when the rate of transfer is slowed si

251 ons in a 3' to 5' direction to achieve 3'-ss proofreading or exon release, respectively.

252 t these mainly involve increased exonuclease proofreading or large decreases in polymerase activity.

253 o specimens had somatic mutations in the DNA proofreading or mismatch repair genes POLE, MLH1, and MS

254 tation was combined with defects in Poldelta proofreading or mismatch repair, indicating that pathway

255 Strains that lack Pol proofreading or MMR exhibit a 10- to 100-fold increase i

256 table, suggesting that defects in either DNA proofreading or MMR provide alternative mechanisms to ac

257 using electron microscopy demands laborious proofreading or reconciliation of multiple independent r

258 ory syndrome (SARS)-CoV an RNA synthesis and proofreading pathway through association of nsp14 with t

259 widespread evolutionary conservation of aaRS proofreading pathways, requirements for translation qual

260 onship exists between defects in Pol epsilon proofreading (pol2-4) and MMR.

261 enotype), and inactivation of both Pol delta proofreading (pol3-01) and MMR is lethal due to replicat

262 defects in DNA polymerase delta (Pol delta) proofreading (pol3-01) and nucleotide selectivity (pol3-

263 richia coli DNA polymerase I (KF) as a model proofreading polymerase and oligodeoxyribonucleotide pri

264 Upon associating with a proofreading polymerase, the nascent 3' end of a DNA pri

265 ompounded by somatic loss of function in DNA proofreading polymerases, resulting in 'ultra-hypermutat

266 m of DNA synthesis that could be part of the proofreading process.

267 with lower fidelity than bulk replication by proofreading-proficient Pol delta or Pol epsilon.

268 This aaRS proofreading provides quality control checkpoints that e

269 t may work as a fidelity check point for the proofreading reaction.

270 This 'tag-team proofreading' represents a more general mechanism to ens

271 clease epsilon that provide processivity and proofreading, respectively.

272 These functions include proofreading, scavenging of nutrients, removal of antime

273 ss this question in the context of a kinetic proofreading scheme used in a simple model of early-time

274 of speed-error tradeoff might be present in proofreading schemes studied earlier in the charging of

275 intermediates, with the 0-layer serving as a proofreading site for correct SNARE assembly.

276 d ss-DNA similarly, despite the absence of a proofreading site in Klentaq.

277 Klentaq, however, does not have a functional proofreading site.

278 tor Tu (EF-Tu) and GTP and then, again, in a proofreading step after GTP hydrolysis on EF-Tu.

279 NLISA is surface-free and includes a kinetic-proofreading step for purification, enabling both enhanc

280 A processing steps contributing to a kinetic proofreading step that allows properly processed mRNA to

281 e of EF-Tu during aa-tRNA accommodation (the proofreading step) through the use of energy landscape p

282 on is achieved by an initial selection and a proofreading step, mediated by EF-Tu, which forms a tern

283 lular pool of L-aminoacyl-tRNAs escapes this proofreading step.

284 RPA, XPA, and XPC followed by three kinetic proofreading steps by the TFIIH transcription/repair fac

285 A polymerases (Pol-D) comprise a small (DP1) proofreading subunit and a large (DP2) polymerase subuni

286 Pol III alpha, ablating interaction with the proofreading subunit and distorting the polymerase activ

287 e proofreading subunit or involvement of the proofreading subunit in a futile cycle of base insertion

288 odes DNA polymerase III epsilon subunit, the proofreading subunit of the replicative polymerase.

289 In Escherichia coli, the proofreading subunit of the replisome, the varepsilon ex

290 ould be due to a recruitment function of the proofreading subunit or involvement of the proofreading

291 gene encoding the replicative DNA polymerase proofreading subunit suppressed the dominant negative ph

292 ere we show that mouse Pol epsilon and delta proofreading suppress discrete mutator and cancer phenot

293 idea in the Hopfield-Ninio theory of kinetic proofreading: The specificity is increased via cyclic ne

294 rom thermodynamic equilibrium, as in kinetic proofreading, this barrier can be breached and greater s

295 ch repair system providing a second level of proofreading, to ensure that ectopic sequences are not r

296 ograde tRNA nuclear import might function in proofreading tRNAs to ensure that only proper tRNAs resi

297 ction through Gly-cisPro motif during chiral proofreading underlies the inability of D-aminoacyl-tRNA

298 owed us to investigate the mechanisms of the proofreading using the method of first-passage processes

299 he kinetic interplay between replication and proofreading, we used high-resolution optical tweezers t

300 of cellular signaling incorporating kinetic proofreading with limited signaling coupled to an incohe