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1  a different mechanism that does not require protein splicing.
2  kinetic analysis of the individual steps of protein splicing.
3 rminal glutamine, is capable of facilitating protein splicing.
4 ng a nine-residue FGF-5 peptide generated by protein splicing.
5 s and as tools for studying the mechanism of protein splicing.
6 e CcdB toxin unless the intein is excised by protein splicing.
7 sis of structural and mechanistic aspects of protein splicing.
8 ndicating their potential functional role in protein splicing.
9 s facilitated the study of the modulation of protein splicing.
10  published and unpublished information about protein splicing.
11 nserved residues in block F are required for protein splicing.
12 initely a close evolutionary relationship to protein splicing.
13 nctional roles of some conserved residues in protein splicing.
14  autocatalytically excise themselves through protein splicing.
15 tein structure and the unusual enzymology of protein splicing.
16 as able to reactivate the intein and trigger protein splicing.
17  and two His residues that are implicated in protein splicing.
18  rearrangement constitutes the first step in protein splicing.
19 o interrogate the mechanism of non-canonical protein splicing.
20 trapped in the branched intermediate step in protein splicing.
21 inally, we describe instances of conditional protein splicing.
22 o an active conformation that promotes rapid protein splicing.
23  highly efficient Cre-reconstitution through protein splicing.
24  important role in coordinating the steps of protein splicing.
25 e in transesterification, the second step of protein splicing.
26 ribute to the higher optimal temperature for protein splicing.
27 ination mechanism for the first two steps of protein splicing.
28 romote the N-S acyl shift, the first step of protein splicing.
29 us of the intein, which are active sites for protein splicing.
30 as a dual role in the acid-base catalysis of protein splicing.
31 r intermediate formed during intein-mediated protein splicing.
32 n that prevent the second and third steps of protein splicing.
33 ius or higher, the intein mediates efficient protein splicing.
34 e moderately improves the rate and extent of protein splicing.
35 ures of domains with single endonuclease and protein splicing active sites.
36 in the protein-splicing process and that the protein-splicing active center is confined to the N- and
37                       We speculate that this protein splicing activity arose to post-translationally
38                                        Their protein splicing activity is essential for the host prot
39 th hyper- and hypophosphorylation inhibit SR protein splicing activity, repressing constitutive splic
40 137 residues may be the lower limit for full protein-splicing activity.
41 erminal splicing junctions, blocking in vivo protein splicing, allowed the miniprecursor to be purifi
42      Some of the reactions characteristic of protein splicing also occur in other forms of protein au
43 uld be useful in studies of the mechanism of protein splicing and allow structural studies of unmodif
44 ents (inteins) function both as catalysts of protein splicing and as homing endonucleases.
45 in, the renatured fusion protein can undergo protein splicing and chromophore formation.
46             First, we demonstrated that both protein splicing and cleavage at the N-terminal splice j
47 1 substitutions attenuated the initiation of protein splicing and enabled us to demonstrate in vitro
48                                  The PI-SceI protein splicing and endonucleolytic active sites are se
49 eI has a bipartite domain structure, and the protein splicing and endonucleolytic reactions are catal
50 utamine in the C-terminal position, prevents protein splicing and facilitates cleavage at the intein
51 ell as strategies for modulating the rate of protein splicing and for converting the splicing reactio
52 ) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzes both protein splicing and site-specific DNA cleavage.
53 hat propagates its mobile gene by catalyzing protein splicing and site-specific DNA double-strand cle
54 e junction residues are directly involved in protein splicing and the central dodecapeptide motifs ar
55 nput, enabling enhanced genetic control over protein splicing and the potential creation of splicing-
56    Hedgehog/INTein (HINT) domains catalyzing protein splicing and their nested HEN domains are though
57 this alignment (Cfa) demonstrates both rapid protein splicing and unprecedented thermal and chaotropi
58  screening system detects even low levels of protein splicing and we have used it to show that protei
59 acid Mtu recA intein consists of independent protein-splicing and endonuclease domains.
60                  The disulfide bond inhibits protein splicing, and splicing can be induced by reducin
61 an undecapeptide spacer) was able to promote protein splicing as efficiently as the wild-type intein,
62 protein splicing by zinc ion, a fluorometric protein splicing assay was developed in which the denatu
63 es an in vitro fluorometric assay system for protein splicing based on the RecA intein of Mycobacteri
64 hat is not only catalytically sufficient for protein splicing but also structurally independent from
65  at the -1 position had no effect on overall protein splicing but could lead to significant accumulat
66                                 None affects protein splicing, but one, a R417Q substitution, account
67 artate (D422) coordinates different steps in protein splicing, but the precise mechanism is unclear.
68 be an anomaly found in only a few organisms, protein splicing by inteins has since been observed in m
69 ein splicing inhibitors, which may attenuate protein splicing by less than an order of magnitude, we
70 fragments, which could be induced to undergo protein splicing by reduction of the disulfide bond.
71 ng advantage of the reversible inhibition of protein splicing by zinc ion, a fluorometric protein spl
72                                              Protein splicing can be modulated by mutation and conver
73             These results indicate that Prp8 protein splicing can be modulated, with potential functi
74       We demonstrate for the first time that protein splicing can proceed efficiently after the remov
75       When diluted into appropriate buffers, protein splicing could be initiated by the addition of a
76 uce a NIR optogenetic module for conditional protein splicing (CPS) based on the gp41-1 intein.
77 n this report, we show that this conditional protein splicing (CPS) system can be used in mammalian c
78 bility to control PTS, so-called conditional protein splicing (CPS), has led to the development of to
79 vage site region of the substrate, while the protein splicing domain (domain I) interacts with a dist
80   The majority of inteins are comprised of a protein splicing domain and a homing endonuclease domain
81 the codon for Arg94, which is located in the protein splicing domain and makes essential contacts to
82  Conversely, residues 91, 97, and 170 in the protein splicing domain are in close proximity to a dist
83  experimental evidence demonstrates that the protein splicing domain as well as the endonuclease doma
84 t of two functionally independent domains, a protein-splicing domain and an endonuclease domain.
85 rrored by the functional independence of the protein-splicing domain, the entire endonuclease compone
86                    These naturally occurring protein splicing domains can be used for in vitro and in
87 utations at residues in the endonuclease and protein splicing domains.
88 icing, indicating that the N- and C-terminal protein-splicing domains can interact with sufficient af
89               The system utilizes a modified protein splicing element (intein) from Saccharomyces cer
90                                          The protein splicing element (intein) of the vacuolar ATPase
91 n derived from a naturally occurring, 43 kDa protein splicing element (intein) through a combination
92 has been facilitated by fusion to a modified protein splicing element (intein).
93 ein is fused to the C-terminus of a modified protein splicing element (intein).
94 f the intein fragments to yield a functional protein splicing element and for the protein splicing pr
95 agments were reconstituted into a functional protein splicing element by renaturation from 6 M urea.
96 nt fused through its C terminus to an intein protein splicing element.
97 ng involves the self-catalyzed excision of a protein-splicing element, the intein, from flanking poly
98                                              Protein splicing elements (inteins) are present in many
99          Split marker gene segments fused to protein splicing elements called "inteins" can be separa
100  two halves (or partners) of naturally split protein splicing elements called inteins, a novel thiol-
101                                  Inteins are protein splicing elements that mediate a self-catalytic
102                                  Inteins are protein splicing elements that mediate their excision fr
103  We have compiled a list of all the inteins (protein splicing elements) whose sequences have been pub
104                                              Protein splicing elements, or inteins, catalyze their ow
105 cing involves the self-catalyzed excision of protein splicing elements, or inteins, from flanking pol
106 nsive engineering of the naturally occurring protein splicing elements, termed inteins, has led to th
107                                              Protein splicing elements, termed inteins, provide a fer
108                   Inteins are self-catalytic protein splicing elements.
109                                         Most protein-splicing elements (inteins) function both as cat
110          The discovery of inteins, which are protein-splicing elements, has stimulated interest for v
111                                  Inteins are protein-splicing elements, most of which contain conserv
112  that correspond to the endonuclease and the protein-splicing elements.
113 and ligation, without recourse to the use of protein-splicing elements.
114            The ability of inteins to promote protein splicing even when inserted into a foreign conte
115 n of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) with the SR protein splicing factor (SRSF1) to understand the founda
116 n with the solution structure of the related protein splicing factor 1 (SF1) indicates that most aspe
117  We recently showed that the serine arginine protein splicing factor 2/alternative splicing factor (S
118  splicing enhancer (ESE) dependent on the SR protein splicing factor ASF/SF2 or to the creation of an
119 results not only indicate that loss of an SR protein splicing factor can induce cell cycle arrest and
120                               SRp38 is an SR protein splicing factor that functions as a general repr
121                             ASF/SF2 is an SR protein splicing factor that participates in constitutiv
122 n for the proper subnuclear storage of an SR protein splicing factor.
123                          The multifunctional protein, splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich (S
124        The top candidates include three host proteins splicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFP
125 cognition and pairing is often influenced by protein splicing factors (SFs) that bind to splicing reg
126 clear ribonucleoprotein particle and Ser-Arg protein splicing factors and also with pre-mRNA splicing
127 d specifically influences the activity of SR protein splicing factors and, importantly, show that bot
128 ribonuclear protein and serine-arginine rich protein splicing factors during interphase.
129 ve biochemical properties consistent with SR protein splicing factors, and some, but not all, of the
130 lex A formation (pre-mRNA sequence elements, protein splicing factors, SF1/BBP and both subunits of U
131                   We report here that two SR protein splicing factors, SRp20 and ASF/SF2, associate w
132  U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6) and dozens of other protein splicing factors.
133 cessing requires study of snRNAs, as well as protein splicing factors.
134 that phosphorylate serine-arginine-rich (SR) protein splicing factors.
135 Strikingly, SF2/ASF, one of the essential SR protein-splicing factors, causes a dose-dependent shift
136                                           SR proteins (splicing factors containing arginine-serine re
137                                           SR proteins (splicing factors containing arginine-serine re
138 -based evolutionary link between RNA binding proteins, splicing factors, and replication initiators o
139 genous factors and light differentiates this protein splicing from autocatalytic inteins, and may all
140  editing, drawing from split intein-mediated protein splicing, genetic code expansion, and endogenous
141      In the two decades since its discovery, protein splicing has been harnessed for the development
142                              Intein-mediated protein splicing has found broad biotechnological applic
143 lso show that copper treatment inhibits Prp8 protein splicing in Cne.
144                                Inhibition of protein splicing in Cryptococcus sp. interferes with act
145 t studies have been done on the mechanism of protein splicing in mesophiles.
146 speed, and dose dependence of ligand-induced protein splicing in murine NIH3T3 cells and in human HEK
147 xt facilitated the study of the mechanism of protein splicing in thermophiles.
148  naturally occurring proteins that carry out protein splicing in trans.
149                            The occurrence of protein splicing in vertebrates has important implicatio
150 s have been shown to play important roles in protein splicing, including the most conserved "B-block"
151 arate components, could nevertheless mediate protein splicing, indicating that the N- and C-terminal
152  is presented, suggesting that metal-induced protein splicing inhibition would disturb function of bo
153 le as a high-throughput screening system for protein splicing inhibitors as potential antimycobacteri
154                       In order to search for protein splicing inhibitors, which may attenuate protein
155 rotein splicing occurs in trans to assay for protein-splicing inhibitors, we discovered that low conc
156 e-5) methyltransferase (human DNMT1) using a protein splicing (intein) fusion partner in a baculoviru
157 talyzing changes in the structure of the RNA/protein splicing intermediate that promote the second st
158                                              Protein splicing involves the excision of an internal pr
159                                              Protein splicing involves the excision of an intervening
160                                              Protein splicing involves the excision of an intervening
161                                              Protein splicing involves the self-catalyzed excision of
162                                              Protein splicing involves the self-catalyzed excision of
163                                              Protein splicing involves the self-catalyzed excision of
164                                              Protein splicing involves the self-catalyzed formation o
165                       This process, known as protein splicing, involves multiple chemical steps that
166                 This is the first example of protein splicing involving a synthetic intein fragment a
167                                              Protein splicing is a form of posttranslational processi
168                                              Protein splicing is a naturally occurring process in whi
169                                              Protein splicing is a naturally occurring process in whi
170                                              Protein splicing is a post-translational process by whic
171                                              Protein splicing is a posttranslational autocatalytic pr
172                                              Protein splicing is a posttranslational modification whe
173                                  Conditional protein splicing is a powerful biotechnological tool tha
174                                              Protein splicing is a precise autocatalytic process in w
175                                              Protein splicing is a precise self-catalyzed process in
176                                              Protein splicing is a robust multistep posttranslational
177                                              Protein splicing is a self-catalytic process in which an
178                                              Protein splicing is a self-catalyzed and spontaneous pos
179                                              Protein splicing is an autocatalytic reaction where an i
180                                              Protein splicing is an intricate self-catalyzed protein
181 survive in the presence of inducer only when protein splicing is blocked.
182                               We showed that protein splicing is necessary for recombination activity
183 iled understanding of their participation in protein splicing is needed.
184 optimal conditions (pH 6.5 and 20 degrees C) protein splicing is significantly slower than GFP chromo
185            Variations in the intein-mediated protein splicing mechanism are becoming more apparent as
186 newly identified conserved residues, a novel protein splicing mechanism that includes a second branch
187 between critical active-site residues in the protein splicing mechanism, thereby facilitating biotech
188 eins splice efficiently using an alternative protein splicing mechanism.
189                                              Protein splicing mediated by inteins is a self-processiv
190  mutations or inhibitors that interfere with protein splicing mediated by the RecA intein of Mycobact
191 recently developed in vitro systems in which protein splicing occurs in trans to assay for protein-sp
192                                              Protein splicing occurs through acid-base catalysis in w
193                       The ability to control protein splicing of a thermophilic intein by temperature
194 om Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is generated by protein splicing of an intein, which is an internal poly
195 in splicing and we have used it to show that protein splicing of the RecA intein is compatible with a
196                                              Protein splicing of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuola
197 ns), mobile genetic elements removed through protein splicing, often interrupt proteins required for
198              The intein facilitates in vitro protein splicing only at temperatures above 30 degrees C
199 nable picture of the basic chemical steps in protein splicing, our knowledge of how these are catalyz
200 perform the initial reaction of the standard protein splicing pathway to yield the requisite N-termin
201 ions were used to block various steps in the protein splicing pathway, allowing each isolated step to
202 ed a single protein that splices by the Ala1 protein splicing pathway, with splicing dependent on adj
203 al and Ssp DnaE intein-specific steps in the protein splicing pathway.
204 een used to study the structure of an active protein splicing precursor, corresponding to an N-extein
205 ophiles at neutral pH than do oxygen esters, protein-splicing precursors in which the serine residue
206 g and allow structural studies of unmodified protein-splicing precursors.
207                                              Protein splicing proceeds through a four-step reaction b
208 ctional protein splicing element and for the protein splicing process per se.
209 ing endonuclease domain plays no role in the protein-splicing process and that the protein-splicing a
210 it and inverted" configuration such that the protein splicing product is a cyclic polypeptide consist
211               Understanding the mechanism of protein splicing provides a basis for protein engineerin
212                              Intein-mediated protein splicing raises questions and creates opportunit
213  themselves out of precursor proteins by the protein splicing reaction and have emerged as valuable p
214 rminus of most inteins initiates a four-step protein splicing reaction by forming a (thio)ester bond
215 urring intervening sequences that catalyze a protein splicing reaction resulting in intein excision a
216  homing endonucleases that is generated by a protein splicing reaction.
217 icing elements that mediate a self-catalytic protein splicing reaction.
218 milar strategy is utilized in self-catalyzed protein splicing reactions and in autoproteolytic activa
219 ot been identified, nor have intein-mediated protein splicing reactions been demonstrated, in plant c
220                      SRp38 is an atypical SR protein splicing regulator.
221                                              Protein splicing results in the expression of two mature
222  intein, revealing structural homology among protein splicing sequences in eukaryotes, including the
223 oised to carry out the rate-limiting step in protein splicing, shedding light on how a nominally nonn
224 ng fusion protein was found to be capable of protein splicing similar to that of the parent intein.
225 g H2A.Z deposition using a steroid-inducible protein splicing strategy, we show that NFR establishmen
226                         Using a split-intein protein-splicing strategy, we show that a functional TAL
227  activation of the cytotoxic CcdB protein by protein splicing, such that host cells survive in the pr
228  us to develop the first mesophilic in vitro protein splicing system as well as strategies for modula
229         The availability of such an in vitro protein splicing system opens the way for the exploratio
230   Here, we describe an ultrasound-responsive protein splicing system that enables spatiotemporal cont
231 tide synthesis (SPPS) or biosynthetically by protein splicing techniques.
232    By expanding the sonogenetic toolbox with protein splicing technologies, this study provides a pos
233                     In this process known as protein splicing, the intein itself is not present in th
234 he domains of inteins that are essential for protein splicing, the intein sequence embedded in the re
235 vity in a ligand-dependent manner, we linked protein splicing to cell survival or fluorescence in Sac
236 g hybrid promoters and split intein-mediated protein splicing to integrate signals.
237 lly split intein permits rapid activation of protein splicing to yield a new protein product.
238 sufficient affinity and specificity to allow protein-splicing to occur in trans.
239 s of backbone-cyclized Crp4 using a modified protein splicing unit or intein.
240                               In this study, protein splicing was controlled by splitting precursor p
241                                 The level of protein splicing was dose dependent and could be competi
242                     Two important aspects of protein splicing were investigated by employing the tran
243                              Inteins mediate protein splicing, which has found many applications in b
244 tion cascade that integrates intein-mediated protein splicing with enzyme-mediated peptide ligation.
245 or controlling a post-translational process, protein splicing, with light.

 
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