ライフサイエンスコーパス: proteolytic activity

1 cleave the tripeptide S-2302, demonstrating proteolytic activity.

2 chanisms, one of which is impaired lysosomal proteolytic activity.

3 t with three His zinc ligands, increases the proteolytic activity.

4 reveal significant neutrophil elastase (NE) proteolytic activity.

5 dine tags and nickel ions fully retain their proteolytic activity.

6 interactions caused the stimulation of HtrA proteolytic activity.

7 hrombin expression or inhibition of thrombin proteolytic activity.

8 ce energy transfer (FRET) pairs sensitive to proteolytic activity.

9 compensate by increasing lysosome number and proteolytic activity.

10 related to the ADAM proteases but devoid of proteolytic activity.

11 kdown is not a consequence of lacking Papp-a proteolytic activity.

12 HEXXH of InhA1 (HEYGH) was critical for its proteolytic activity.

13 pressed proteins is not due to PA's reported proteolytic activity.

14 sses biological functions independent of its proteolytic activity.

15 esponses, mechanisms of vascularization, and proteolytic activity.

16 ric structure and was processed, they lacked proteolytic activity.

17 dation of unstable proteins, and inhibit its proteolytic activity.

18 t in the active center exhibiting pronounced proteolytic activity.

19 the protein resulting in diminished ADAMTS13 proteolytic activity.

20 ell migration in vivo, without affecting its proteolytic activity.

21 g activity of ADAM12-S was a function of its proteolytic activity.

22 a latent protease zymogen with low-intrinsic proteolytic activity.

23 cific expression of Lon protein isoforms and proteolytic activity.

24 for Lon binding with DNA and effects on Lon proteolytic activity.

25 ors (NgR1) as a downstream target of MT3-MMP proteolytic activity.

26 rt to lysosomes, thereby restoring lysosomal proteolytic activity.

27 iling different cancer cell line dynamics in proteolytic activity.

28 nction of MT1-MMP that is independent of its proteolytic activity.

29 s proposed to account for this unprecedented proteolytic activity.

30 osis in cancer cells, without affecting Skp2 proteolytic activity.

31 tion with mature TACE, thereby licensing its proteolytic activity.

32 nate the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of proteolytic activity.

33 ated with reduced acidification and impaired proteolytic activity.

34 ating isopeptidase activities in addition to proteolytic activity.

35 s, because its gene silencing restored their proteolytic activities.

36 sis partly depends on the fine regulation of proteolytic activities.

37 f at least seven secreted proteins and three proteolytic activities.

38 Ps are themselves inhibitors of MMP-mediated proteolytic activities.

39 geographical origin, suggesting diversified proteolytic activities.

40 es, Neutrase(R) and Alcalase(R), at the same proteolytic activity (1U/mL), using an enzyme/substrate

41 tive stress (4-hydroxynonenal) and increased proteolytic activity (20S proteasome, calpain-1, and cas

42 igned for doxaz release mediated by secreted proteolytic activity, a common association with invasive

43 fluorescence signal when ActFP is cleaved by proteolytic activity after targeting toward MT1-MMP.

44 We showed differences in the proteolytic activities and expression levels of cytosoli

45 We used fluorogenic methods to measure proteolytic activities and inhibition by protease inhibi

46 Proteasome proteolytic activities and phosphokinase expression were

47 tide content, heat soluble collagen content, proteolytic activities and psychrophilic bacterial count

48 2) for His resulted in a general increase in proteolytic activity and a change in substrate specifici

49 how in this study are critical for balancing proteolytic activity and adhesive activity to achieve a

50 he importance of microenvironmental cues for proteolytic activity and also investigated the differenc

51 with a particular focus on genes regulating proteolytic activity and angiogenesis.

52 Induction required APC's proteolytic activity and binding to endothelial cell pro

53 EGF-SubA demonstrated potent tumor-specific proteolytic activity and cytotoxicity in glioblastoma li

54 barrier integrity by stimulating endogenous proteolytic activity and defines a previously unknown me

55 of caspase-2, as monitored by its cleavage, proteolytic activity and dimerization.

56 amaged kernels content, gluten index values, proteolytic activity and electrophoretic properties of g

57 this effect, which is independent of ADAM12L proteolytic activity and involves its cytoplasmic domain

58 ophagin-2 (TcAtg4.2) carries the majority of proteolytic activity and is responsible for processing A

59 on the MEK/ERK pathway and by requiring its proteolytic activity and lysine binding sites.

60 ation (PNS) substantially reduces MV-induced proteolytic activity and oxidative stress in the diaphra

61 sociated with decreased ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic activity and oxidative stress.

62 Thus, increased proteolytic activity and PAR activation play a pathogeni

63 release combined with a local inhibition of proteolytic activity and protein expression of ADAMTS13

64 reby limiting activation to locally secreted proteolytic activity and reducing the likelihood of seve

65 some of which appeared conflicting with its proteolytic activity and stability.

66 In vitro assays showed Zn-dependent proteolytic activity and substrate cleavage upstream of

67 lS. suisstrains investigated possess the IgG proteolytic activity and that piglet serum samples conta

68 immunoprecipitation yielded gamma-secretase proteolytic activity and vice versa.

69 plasma-derived ADAM17 retained its specific proteolytic activity and was partly located on extracell

70 e detection of protein-protein interactions, proteolytic activities, and posttranslational modificati

71 Serratia sp. strain SCBI displays high proteolytic activity, and because secreted proteases are

72 e many clinically significant allergens have proteolytic activity, and many helminths express proteas

73 on fibrinolysis, plasmin generation, protein proteolytic activity, and plasminogen-fibrin interaction

74 und that the homologous STC2 inhibits PAPP-A proteolytic activity, and that this depends on the forma

75 Atg7 is not a direct substrate for caspase-9 proteolytic activity; and that, depending on the cellula

76 The stress-triggered induction of Oma1 proteolytic activity appears to be associated with confo

77 The three proteasome subunits with proteolytic activity are encoded by standard or immunopr

78 ficiency, or prevention of NET formation and proteolytic activity as modelled in NE(-/-) mice prevent

79 the neuropil that codistributed with foci of proteolytic activity, as well as with markers of growing

80 Here, we report the development of a trans-proteolytic activity assay for Aura virus capsid proteas

81 A proteolytic activity assay with several MT-SP1-positive

82 In this study, we failed to detect proteolytic activity associated with the Ser596-containi

83 Transgene expression resulted in increased proteolytic activity attributable to KLK5 and its downst

84 FtsH(trap) is devoid of its proteolytic activity but fully retains ATPase activity a

85 cytoplasmic domain of ADAMs can regulate the proteolytic activity by controlling the subcellular loca

86 ng, liposomes containing PA supported higher proteolytic activity by factor VIIa and activated protei

87 First, CYCLO stimulated lysosomal proteolytic activity by increasing cathepsin D activity,

88 revealed significant reduction of the global proteolytic activity by several compounds.

89 have developed a robust reporter of caspase proteolytic activity, called caspase-activatable green f

90 itors of either granule function or granzyme proteolytic activity can arrest TCR-driven TEM, implying

91 r of the transformed epithelium and that its proteolytic activity can be exploited to noninvasively e

92 serum and plasma, respectively, showing that proteolytic activity capable of activating pro-FD exists

93 DNA and ubiquitin binding, SPRTN can elicit proteolytic activity; cleaving DPC substrates and itself

94 To investigate how MALT1 proteolytic activity contributes to overall immune cell

95 The changes in proteolytic activity correlated with increased cell elon

96 The increased proteolytic activity corresponded to increased activity

97 mulation of protease expression and/or their proteolytic activity could be explored to promote Abeta

98 lymphomas with a specific inhibitor of MALT1 proteolytic activity decreased cell viability, indicatin

99 The pro-form of ADAMDEC1 does not have proteolytic activity, demonstrating that the prodomain o

100 tral proteases with pI value of 6.8, optimal proteolytic activity displayed at pH 9.5 and temperature

101 (CP) is a serine protease that possesses cis-proteolytic activity essential for its release from the

102 nable to detect either GrB expression or its proteolytic activity, even when Ag-specific transgenic B

103 , are predominantly responsible for secreted proteolytic activities exhibited by strain K279a, as wel

104 ne compound (paclitaxel) to inhibit BoNT/A's proteolytic activity experimentally with an IC50 of 5.2

105 tion also limits the half-life of separase's proteolytic activity, explaining how cohesin can be relo

106 val, and somewhat effective at inhibiting NE proteolytic activity, fails to remove the majority of hi

107 significant induction of Ctss expression and proteolytic activity following acute muscle injury or in

108 M(-1) s(-1), representing a 116-fold greater proteolytic activity for a model gluten tetrapeptide tha

109 , thus emphasizing the importance of plasmin proteolytic activity for ookinete invasion.

110 teases are overexpressed in most cancers and proteolytic activity has been shown to be a viable marke

111 NA, but the role of this interaction for Lon proteolytic activity has not been characterized.

112 However, its proteolytic activity has not been studied under conditio

113 ADAMTS13 618Ala variant associated with less proteolytic activity, higher risk of chronic complicatio

114 missense mutations in LGMD2A affect CAPN3's proteolytic activity; however, two mutations, D705G and

115 tric function and to stimulate the stomach's proteolytic activities in FD.

116 Proteolytic activities in the extracellular matrix by th

117 preventing excessive, potentially hazardous, proteolytic activities in the heart.

118 Alterations to the proteolytic activities in the over-expressing and knock-

119 entral roles for regulators of extracellular proteolytic activity in capillary homoeostasis, and iden

120 Proteolytic activity in CNS extract, detected by a fluor

121 This method is useful for determining the proteolytic activity in different media and its effectiv

122 to directly measure Akt activity as well as proteolytic activity in individual fibroblast-like synov

123 gely described as a crucial regulator of the proteolytic activity in nerves and of central and periph

124 e-like structures, which are associated with proteolytic activity in other cell types.

125 o calculate quantitative progress curves for proteolytic activity in regions of interest in the acqui

126 irect validation, we also observed increased proteolytic activity in stromal fields adjacent to melan

127 T cells, suggesting a contribution of MALT1 proteolytic activity in T cell activation and EAE develo

128 aises the possibility that APH-1 may possess proteolytic activity in the current or ancestral form of

129 We showed that the proteolytic activity in the supernatants of pathogenic s

130 AsES exhibited proteolytic activity in vitro, and its resistance elicit

131 Recombinant HtrABb exhibits proteolytic activity in vitro, while a mutant (HtrABbS19

132 Based on these results, the proteolytic activity, in particular the thermostable fra

133 litated the detection of additional secreted proteolytic activities, including aminopeptidases and ca

134 female-specific Lon isoform expression, Lon proteolytic activity induction, and H2O2 stress adaptati

135 cific pattern of Lon isoform expression, Lon proteolytic activity induction, and H2O2 stress adaptati

136 how Pro618Ala ADAMTS13 variants and related proteolytic activity interact with ACEi therapy in predi

137 Cell-associated plasmin proteolytic activity is a key component of physiologic a

138 se a mutant N-terminal fragment deficient in proteolytic activity is able to induce currents comparab

139 Functional imaging of proteolytic activity is an emerging strategy to quantify

140 Overall, these results indicate that proteolytic activity is essential for cytotoxicity in Se

141 Furthermore, we disclosed that this proteolytic activity is metal ion-dependent and that it

142 Wss1 proteolytic activity is regulated by a cysteine switch m

143 hen inhibited with PMSF, suggesting that its proteolytic activity is required to induce the defense r

144 Its proteolytic activity is strongly stimulated in the prese

145 ing the mechanism for the loss of permissive proteolytic activity is therefore a key link for improvi

146 d by epithelial/carcinoma cells in which its proteolytic activity is tightly controlled by the Kunitz

147 generated through oxidative, lipolytic, and proteolytic activities lead to the formation of several

148 erived, soluble form of Jagged-1, via ADAM17 proteolytic activity, led to Notch activation in CRC cel

149 f GNP (GNP-ActFP) for a targeting moiety and proteolytic activity ligand toward MT1-MMP.

150 form with a computational analytical method, Proteolytic Activity Matrix Analysis (PrAMA), we are abl

151 ction rates using a deconvolution technique, proteolytic activity matrix analysis (PrAMA).

152 lective fluorescent peptide substrates using proteolytic activity matrix analysis.

153 hibitors, together with inhibitors of BoNT/A proteolytic activity, may be useful for reducing the mor

154 ycosylated, active protease and that its own proteolytic activity mediates zymogen cleavage.

155 ical inhibition affected human melanoma cell proteolytic activity; metastatic melanoma is a highly ag

156 esults provide new insight into the combined proteolytic activities of cathepsins toward substrates a

157 They inhibit proteolytic activities of gamma-secretase noncompetitive

158 otease and demonstrated that they also block proteolytic activities of host furin, cathepsin B, and c

159 sults shed light on hitherto undescribed non-proteolytic activities of Mmp14 that are necessary for t

160 lective molecular recognition properties and proteolytic activities of more than two dozen membrane-b

161 e and inducible proteasome subunits, and the proteolytic activities of the 20S and 26S proteasomes we

162 MRZ inhibits the 3 proteolytic activities of the 20S proteasome with specif

163 Interestingly, all three proteolytic activities of the proteasome were restored t

164 rast with the wild-type MT1-MMP, the diverse proteolytic activities of the swapped-PEX chimeras were

165 We contrast here the proteolytic activities of these mutant PSEN alleles with

166 The proteolytic activity of a cancer-related enzyme cathepsi

167 Our study reveals the gain-of-function proteolytic activity of a fusion oncoprotein and highlig

168 ading and simple valveless isolation, so the proteolytic activity of a small sample (10-100 cells) ca

169 The proteolytic activity of adam13 is critical for the relea

170 e that altering PCM versican content through proteolytic activity of ADAMTS5 profoundly influenced th

171 tube-like structures, demonstrating that the proteolytic activity of ADAMTS9 was essential.

172 anism for conversion to mucoidy in which the proteolytic activity of AlgW and its ability to compete

173 er composed of epithelial cells by intrinsic proteolytic activity of allergens may facilitate allerge

174 Proteolytic activity of allergens or their capacity to b

175 critical role in this process by sensing the proteolytic activity of allergens via protease-activated

176 ription-dependent, and MT-I/II can block the proteolytic activity of alpha-secretase and the activati

177 ioned as a sensing element for examining the proteolytic activity of an enzyme at highly acidic pH an

178 The structural features rather than the proteolytic activity of an immunoproteasome subunit are

179 The proteolytic activity of APN promotes cancer angiogenesis

180 k genome appears to have evolutionarily lost proteolytic activity of at least 6 protease families, C5

181 This inhibition requires the proteolytic activity of AvrRpt2, is associated with redu

182 The proteolytic activity of BACE1 was unadulterated by the s

183 n polarization can be monitored to assay the proteolytic activity of BoNT/A and BoNT/E in real time.

184 ion of fluorogenic reporters that detect the proteolytic activity of BoNT/A, B, D, E, F, and G seroty

185 fluorescence-based assay for monitoring the proteolytic activity of botulinum neurotoxin types A and

186 nt of alpha-actinin bands due to increase in proteolytic activity of calpain.

187 in the heart that we related to unregulated proteolytic activity of calpain3.

188 Proteolytic activity of cell surface-associated MT1-matr

189 It is proposed that the proteolytic activity of Clp protease counteracts GBP bin

190 or quality control of cellular proteins; the proteolytic activity of ClpP in concert with the ATPase

191 Last, we show that CpaB does not abolish the proteolytic activity of CpaA against human Factor V.

192 densation process enabled the imaging of the proteolytic activity of furin.

193 n short, our findings identify an unexpected proteolytic activity of GDH specific to histone H3 that

194 To date, the enzymes responsible for the proteolytic activity of German cockroach allergen have n

195 Taken together, the enhanced proteolytic activity of Gly1629Glu can be readily explai

196 monella Rab29 is specifically cleaved by the proteolytic activity of GtgE, a unique type III secretio

197 mechanisms likely have evolved to detect the proteolytic activity of helminth proteases, which may be

198 The proteolytic activity of HtrA (DegP) from Escherichia col

199 The proteolytic activity of InhA1 on established secreted vi

200 domics technologies were used to examine the proteolytic activity of kefir grains on bovine milk prot

201 The study was conducted to establish proteolytic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC(

202 enhancement of both Kir and Kv required the proteolytic activity of LF, because exposure of macropha

203 ts represent the first reconstitution of the proteolytic activity of MamE and show that its behavior

204 dependent protein kinase, and is mediated by proteolytic activity of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9).

205 Interestingly, the proteolytic activity of mature ADAMDEC1 can be significa

206 However, only the CUB1 domain inhibited proteolytic activity of MDTCS.

207 The increased proteolytic activity of membrane-bound and secreted prot

208 We demonstrate that MIB is necessary for the proteolytic activity of MIP.

209 These findings shift the focus from the proteolytic activity of MMP3 as the central player to it

210 h the collagenolytic function or the general proteolytic activity of MT1-MMP.

211 P-1 and TIMP-2 are capable of inhibiting the proteolytic activity of MT6-MMP.

212 talytic domain and, as a result, repress the proteolytic activity of multiple MMPs instead of MT1-MMP

213 ctively account for 85% of the extracellular proteolytic activity of P. gingivalis at the site of inf

214 Our study identifies a previously unknown proteolytic activity of PLA2 that is specific to apoA-I

215 Tumor cells use broad spectrum proteolytic activity of plasmin to invade tissue and for

216 onoclonal antibody 10-D7 or by inhibition of proteolytic activity of plasmin-like serine proteases wi

217 The proteolytic activity of PSA towards a small peptide subs

218 The sensing mechanism was based on the proteolytic activity of S. aureus proteases on a specifi

219 KISC operates independently of proteolytic activity of separase in promoting microtubul

220 tease-inhibitory domains, which regulate the proteolytic activity of serine proteases.

221 bacterial microenvironment can modulate the proteolytic activity of SpeB in a manner that preserves

222 Surprisingly, the proteolytic activity of SPPL3 is not required for its ro

223 f apoptosis proteins on the stability and/or proteolytic activity of the caspase-8 platforms.

224 e described the formerly unappreciated trans-proteolytic activity of the enzyme and for the first tim

225 Moreover, this effect was independent of the proteolytic activity of the enzyme.

226 rane domains of presenilin 1 that affect the proteolytic activity of the gamma-secretase.

227 We found that STC2 potently inhibits the proteolytic activity of the growth-promoting metalloprot

228 tophan metabolism, while also increasing the proteolytic activity of the gut microbiome.

229 t DDR1 activation is partly regulated by the proteolytic activity of the membrane-anchored collagenas

230 CoV) from the beta-CoV subgroup, require the proteolytic activity of the nsp5 protease (also known as

231 These tumours also displayed elevated proteolytic activity of the primary biochemical target o

232 cise N-terminal processing releases the full proteolytic activity of the wild type analogously to chy

233 r, the effect of hydroxyapatite (HAP) on the proteolytic activity of these enzymes remains unclear.

234 e clones, lysosomal pH was increased and the proteolytic activity of these organelles was deranged.

235 The assembly and proteolytic activity of this enzyme require the correct

236 Our data demonstrate that the proteolytic activity of thrombin negatively regulates th

237 At the molecular level, experience-dependent proteolytic activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tP

238 Experience-dependent proteolytic activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tP

239 In parallel, the proteolytic activity of tumor necrosis factor alpha-conv

240 Proteolytic activity of viscera extract from hybrid catf

241 Cu(2+) inhibits the proteolytic activity of Zebrafish Hatching Enzyme 1 and

242 ing-enzyme (ACE)-inhibition, antioxidant and proteolytic activity) of camel milk fermented with indig

243 PR3 has demonstrated proteolytic activity on a number of substrates, includin

244 ses (MMPs) can disrupt the BBB through their proteolytic activity on basement membrane and tight junc

245 source of complement proteins confirmed Pic proteolytic activity on these proteins.

246 ctis in its isolated form showed the highest proteolytic activity, particularly in the hydrolysis of

247 ate the DUB function of PL(pro), and not its proteolytic activity per se, in the inhibition of IFN-be

248 d luminal proinsulin suggests that different proteolytic activities process the two Ag forms.

249 The interdependence of these proteolytic activities provides a paradigm for non-apopt

250 CLL cells in vitro with MI-2 inhibited MALT1 proteolytic activity reduced BCR and NF-kappaB signaling

251 Importantly, ADAMTS-5 proteolytic activity reduced the LDL binding ability of

252 2013) now show that MMP3, independent of its proteolytic activity, regulates murine mammary stem cell

253 detect full-length rADAMTS13 protein and its proteolytic activity, respectively, in transgenic (Adamt

254 ne presented higher legumain and papain-like proteolytic activities, resulting in a faster initial se

255 s revealed that endopeptidases are the major proteolytic activities secreted by P. destructans, and t

256 geting therapy that negates the influence of proteolytic activity showed that the treatment could be

257 P) anchored on invasive cancer cells and its proteolytic activity simultaneously.

258 This was due to a lack of YME1L proteolytic activity, since the excessive accumulation o

259 Besides the proteolytic activity, Skp2 also blocks p53-mediated apop

260 ebrafish Papp-a demonstrates conservation of proteolytic activity, specificity, and the intrinsic reg

261 elastin proteins but not mRNA, and elevated proteolytic activities, suggesting excess protein degrad

262 sis in mdx muscles and is linked to elevated proteolytic activity, suggesting that targeting Orai1 ac

263 a large family of extracellular enzymes with proteolytic activities that participate in cellular home

264 ha or IL-1 treatment of ECs leads to caspase proteolytic activity that cleaves interleukin-1 receptor

265 of these particular strains to generate the proteolytic activity that disrupts the innate barriers t

266 the apoptosome form a holoenzyme with robust proteolytic activity that is 2-3 orders of magnitude hig

267 Allergens possess proteolytic activity that is capable of disrupting the a

268 enthes genus of carnivorous plants contain a proteolytic activity that is very useful for hydrogen/de

269 um neurotoxin type A or E (BoNT/A or BoNT/E) proteolytic activity that relies on a fully recombinant

270 e ADAMDEC1 metalloprotease domain impact the proteolytic activity, the substrate specificity, and the

271 microvesicles (MVs; or microparticles) with proteolytic activity; the major proteases involved; and

272 y elevates proteasome subunit expression and proteolytic activity to eradicate nuclear FOXO4 proteins

273 ential for experience-dependent elevation of proteolytic activity to express juvenile-like structural

274 During metastasis, cells can use proteolytic activity to form tube-like "microtracks" wit

275 e-activated receptor activation but requires proteolytic activity toward a novel substrate.

276 78% amino acid sequence, has only a minimal proteolytic activity toward insoluble elastin.

277 de of the ADAMTS superfamily shows preferred proteolytic activity toward the hyalectan/lectican prote

278 HDM allergens are cysteine peptidases whose proteolytic activity triggers essential steps in the all

279 le effects on the other two major proteasome proteolytic activities, trypsin-like (T-L) and postgluta

280 Invadopodia are invasive protrusions with proteolytic activity uniquely found in tumor cells.

281 O2-Cl(-) system, and determined its residual proteolytic activity using both a VWF A2 peptide substra

282 nsing method was based on the measurement of proteolytic activity using specific proteases probes.

283 Proteolytic activity values were the highest 50 days aft

284 (OA-NO(2)) stimulates proMMP-7 and proMMP-9 proteolytic activity via adduction of the conserved cyst

285 ng inflammation, first by activating pro-MMP proteolytic activity via alkylation of the cysteine swit

286 proteases and a series of kinetic assays for proteolytic activity was carried out, including multiple

287 Proteolytic activity was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthrolin

288 ase was the most performing, while microbial proteolytic activity was less efficient.

289 specific inhibitors, revealed that gingipain proteolytic activity was required for beta-catenin proce

290 Of note, APC proteolytic activity was required for inhibiting NETosis

291 rombin activity, we discovered that thrombin proteolytic activity was specifically associated with ne

292 After gluten gavage, gliadin amount and proteolytic activities were measured in intestinal conte

293 The optimum pH and temperature for the proteolytic activity were 10.0 and 50 degrees C, respect

294 nerated, and six SCBI mutants with defective proteolytic activity were identified.

295 showed that albumin fraction (15-30 kDa) and proteolytic activity were negatively correlated with bre

296 y 3.5- to fivefold Plg receptors and plasmin proteolytic activity were required for phagocytosis of b

297 s such as derived from house dust mites have proteolytic activity which can induce oxidative stress i

298 e first evidence that B. burgdorferi possess proteolytic activity which may contribute to the pathoge

299 ion, we demonstrate that suppression of HtrA proteolytic activity with a newly developed inhibitor is

300 milder effects but still strongly diminished proteolytic activity, without affecting the subcellular