ライフサイエンスコーパス: protofilament

1 ers from adjacent protofilaments or within a protofilament.

2 erise, forming a canonical tubulin/FtsZ-like protofilament.

3 ther is switched to the opposite side of the protofilament.

4 rmational change from a straight to a curved protofilament.

5 e loop region of the peptide in the opposite protofilament.

6 pecific residues forming the interior of the protofilament.

7 h the alpha-monomer of the next dimer in the protofilament.

8 , and (4) prevent the growth of Abeta(17-36) protofilament.

9 Ndc80 complex tilts more toward the adjacent protofilament.

10 as two neighboring actin subunits along one protofilament.

11 terminal turn, en route to the final U-shape protofilament.

12 bit the formation of a U-shaped Abeta(17-36) protofilament.

13 by a U-shape oligomeric nucleus into U-shape protofilament.

14 assumed to be pairs of laterally associated protofilaments.

15 ar structure containing 11 near-longitudinal protofilaments.

16 effect on both preassembled and growing FtsZ protofilaments.

17 units are added to and lost from individual protofilaments.

18 itch helical arrangement for the constituent protofilaments.

19 FtsZ clusters that consist of multiple FtsZ protofilaments.

20 account for interactions between neighboring protofilaments.

21 hes) for the one and three predominant HET-s protofilaments.

22 s two alphabeta-tubulin subunits on adjacent protofilaments.

23 acts with FtsZ and promotes bundling of FtsZ protofilaments.

24 egation pathways for left- and right-twisted protofilaments.

25 with both the microtubule lattice and curved protofilaments.

26 ially by interacting with curved microtubule protofilaments.

27 bacteria may involve lateral association of protofilaments.

28 allel strands, each composed of two parallel protofilaments.

29 tridium tetani that is constructed from four protofilaments.

30 ons instead assemble together into composite protofilaments.

31 promoting lateral interactions between FtsZ protofilaments.

32 mL, as well as GTP-induced formation of FtsZ protofilaments.

33 y strengthening lateral interactions between protofilaments.

34 hat it promotes lateral interactions between protofilaments.

35 vity and coassembly into extensively bundled protofilaments.

36 iquely recognize MT ends and depolymerize MT protofilaments.

37 d enhances lateral interactions between FtsZ protofilaments.

38 nding of one kinesin 13 molecule to adjacent protofilaments.

39 and polymer bundles to mainly short, curved protofilaments.

40 ollectively over many dimers on the scale of protofilaments.

41 the V shape of the Ska dimer interacts along protofilaments.

42 ffinity but is deficient in clustering along protofilaments.

43 strate the spring-like elasticity of curling protofilaments.

44 increasing lateral interactions between FtsZ protofilaments.

45 to form U-shaped, S-shaped, and Omega-shaped protofilaments.

46 s of the asymmetric unit or multiple twisted protofilaments.

47 compared with the average size of the intact protofilaments.

48 ent, other kinesins, akin to dyneins, switch protofilaments.

49 7-42 peptides from disordered oligomers into protofilaments.

50 suggesting that the motor stabilizes growing protofilaments.

51 microtubules undergo lateral opening between protofilaments.

52 ddress recent models that try to explain how protofilaments 1-subunit-thick show a cooperative assemb

53 ubulin dimers, with most cells containing 13-protofilament (13-p) MTs.

54 ook view, microtubules are 1) composed of 13 protofilaments, 2) arranged in a radial array by the cen

55 in only one type of Ribbon, corresponding to protofilaments A11-12-13-1 of the A-tubule.

56 nt microtubules of Prosthecobacter to the 40-protofilament accessory microtubules of mantidfly sperm.

57 FtsZ protofilaments align circumferentially in the cell, with

58 d Abeta(1-42) fibril morphology has only one protofilament, although two protofilaments were observed

59 actin filaments originates from their double protofilament and helical structure.

60 cess to adjacent binding sites on the curved protofilament and suggest that the neck alone is suffici

61 may represent small pieces of single fibril protofilament and that the addition of monomers to the e

62 their input ratio, suggesting plasticity in protofilament and/or bundle composition.

63 ta-tubulin heterodimers arranged into linear protofilaments and assembled into tubes.

64 FtsZ polymerizes into protofilaments and assembles into the Z-ring at the futu

65 Remarkably, MinC effects on FtsZ-GTP protofilaments and binding affinity to FtsZ-GDP were str

66 ometric levels to FtsZ, causes shortening of protofilaments and blocks the assembly of higher-order F

67 es, stabilizing lateral interactions between protofilaments and constraining quinary structure to pro

68 t fine-tune the association between adjacent protofilaments and enable the formation of uniform micro

69 the correlation between supercoiling of the protofilaments and molecular dynamics in the flagellar f

70 otein secondary structures on the surface of protofilaments and on flat and twisted fibrils allowed u

71 cell division, but the interactions between protofilaments and regulatory mechanisms that mediate cl

72 This implies that tau regulates the shape of protofilaments and thus the spontaneous curvature C(o)(M

73 t Kar3Vik1 binds across adjacent microtubule protofilaments and uses a minus-end-directed powerstroke

74 zation (3) disrupt a pre-formed Abeta(17-36) protofilament, and (4) prevent the growth of Abeta(17-36

75 t also the beta-sheet interfaces within each protofilament, and in addition to identify the nature of

76 r between the globular domain of FtsZ in the protofilament, and its attachment to FtsA/ZipA at the me

77 d comprise more molecules than a single FtsZ protofilament, and likely represent a distinct polymeric

78 tubulin-like FtsZ, which forms GTP-dependent protofilaments, and actin-like FtsA, which tethers FtsZ

79 Tubulins associate longitudinally to form protofilaments, and adjacent protofilaments associate la

80 of GTP hydrolysis, subunit exchange between protofilaments, and disassembly induced by dilution or e

81 ficantly reduces the GTPase activity of FtsZ protofilaments, and FtsZ polymers assembled in guanosine

82 10 tubulin rings, which mimic curved tubulin protofilaments, and that stathmin depolymerizes stabiliz

83 ntagonizes lateral interactions between FtsZ protofilaments, and that the oligomeric state of FtsA ma

84 ing, was shown here to assemble one-stranded protofilaments, and the assembly was blocked by SulA.

85 P and form protofilaments, but the separated protofilaments are forced into an anti-parallel arrangem

86 M density map and reveal that the juxtaposed protofilaments are joined via the N terminus of the pept

87 model of "Z-ring" organization whereby FtsZ protofilaments are randomly distributed within the band

88 Without MEC-17, MTs with between 11 and 15 protofilaments are seen.

89 The molecular interactions within single protofilaments are similar to F-actin, yet interactions

90 ht to be lost, while lateral contacts across protofilaments are still maintained.

91 ged in the actin filament, bridging over two protofilaments, as well as two neighboring actin subunit

92 Assembly of FtsZ chimaeras revealed that the protofilaments assemble via heteropolymerization of FtsZ

93 the 0.72 muM critical concentration of FtsZ protofilament assembly at steady state.

94 ets to dry interface formation characterizes protofilament assembly in the yeast prions.

95 -CTD interaction and how it may mediate FtsZ protofilament assembly, we determined the Escherichia co

96 dinally to form protofilaments, and adjacent protofilaments associate laterally to form the microtubu

97 may bind at alpha-beta tubulin junction in a protofilament at sites distinct from the kinesin and dyn

98 We suggest that exchange of subunits between protofilaments at steady state involves two separate mec

99 e built a pseudo-atomic model of the tubulin protofilaments at the core of the triplet.

100 inesin-1 motor proteins walk parallel to the protofilament axes of microtubules as they step from one

101 M5 and G-actin for E-Tmod41 to construct the protofilament-based membrane skeletal network for circul

102 the FtsZ constriction force is generated by protofilament bending.

103 he constriction force is generated by curved protofilaments bending the membrane.

104 oiling involves the switching of coiled-coil protofilaments between two different states.

105 olution cryoelectron microscopy revealed the protofilament boundaries of approximately 2 x 3.5 nm.

106 nanotubes with walls comprised of assembled protofilaments built from alphabeta heterodimeric tubuli

107 ow that MTs can be split longitudinally into protofilament bundles (PFBs) by the work performed by su

108 suggest that the Z-ring consists of dynamic protofilament bundles in which monomers constantly are e

109 This work highlights the importance of FtsZ protofilament bundling during cell division and its like

110 t in Escherichia coli, FtsA antagonizes FtsZ protofilament bundling in vivo.

111 urther evidence that FtsZL169R enhances FtsZ protofilament bundling, thereby conferring resistance to

112 g subunits arrive less frequently to lagging protofilaments but bind more efficiently, such that ther

113 be to promote the association of individual protofilaments but to align FtsZ clusters that consist o

114 is complex, FtsZ can still bind GTP and form protofilaments, but the separated protofilaments are for

115 The shortening of FtsZ protofilaments by Kil is detectable at concentrations of

116 We analyze the rigidity of GTP-bound FtsZ protofilaments by using cryoelectron microscopy to sampl

117 Asynchronous elongation of individual protofilaments can potentially lead to an altered microt

118 But whether protofilaments can work efficiently via this spring-like

119 formed from the lateral association of 11-16 protofilament chains of tubulin dimers, with most cells

120 the ribbon-like fibrils indicates that these protofilaments combine in differing ways to form striati

121 Filament cores are made of two identical protofilaments comprising residues 306-378 of tau protei

122 ned via the N terminus of the peptide from 1 protofilament connecting to the loop region of the pepti

123 n TABFOs, Abeta42 molecules stack into short protofilaments consisting of pairs of helical beta-sheet

124 Our model protofilament consists of two parallel beta-sheets of Al

125 tability by promoting outward curving of the protofilaments constituting the microtubule lattice.

126 identify the nature of the protofilament-to-protofilament contacts that lead to the formation of the

127 The fibril protofilaments contain stacked hIAPP monomers that form

128 crotubule tip, most notably in the number of protofilament curls.

129 This prolongs plus-end binding, stabilizes protofilament curvature, and ultimately promotes microtu

130 similar to F-actin, yet interactions between protofilaments differ from those in F-actin.

131 mography that slender fibrils connect curved protofilaments directly to the inner kinetochore.

132 No significant changes are observed based on protofilament distributions or microtubule helical latti

133 However, FtsZ protofilaments do appear to be mechanically rigid enough

134 We show that a protofilament doublet is essential for MreB's function i

135 The fibril consists of two protofilaments, each containing approximately 5-nm-long

136 [5-7] to explore the consequences of stalled protofilament elongation on microtubule growth.

137 oward catastrophe by promoting the arrest of protofilament elongation.

138 xchanged throughout, stochastically creating protofilament ends along the length of the filament.

139 agmentation or dissociation of subunits from protofilament ends following GTP hydrolysis and (2) reve

140 ssociation and dissociation of subunits from protofilament ends independent of hydrolysis.

141 the geometrical conformations of curling MT-protofilaments entangled in kinetochore fibrils.

142 "bacterial kinesin light chain," binds along protofilaments every 8 nm, inhibits BtubAB mini microtub

143 The Mal3 CH domain bridges protofilaments except at the microtubule seam.

144 "cracks" (laterally unbonded regions between protofilaments) exist even at the tips of growing MTs an

145 es catastrophe by binding to and acting upon protofilaments exposed at the tips of growing microtubul

146 Theoretical analysis reveals that protofilament-fibril connections would be efficient coup

147 ta-strands are assembled hierarchically into protofilaments, filaments, and mature fibrils.

148 These four protofilaments form an open helical cylinder separated b

149 a dry interface is created in the process of protofilament formation in vastly different sequences us

150 has an 50-amino-acid (aa) linker between the protofilament-forming globular domain and the C-terminal

151 seudoatomic models of both the two- and four-protofilament forms based on cryo-electron microscopy re

152 The internal structures of the U-shape protofilaments from our PRIME20/DMD simulation agree wel

153 nt reduction in the size of GTP-induced FtsZ protofilaments (FtsZ-GTP) as demonstrated by analytical

154 Individual FtsZ protofilaments further bend upon nucleotide hydrolysis,

155 o dramatic structural changes forming curved protofilaments, has yet to be defined in vertebrates.

156 We conclude that FtsZ protofilaments have a fixed direction of curvature, and

157 e configurations, differing in the number of protofilaments, helical rise of tubulin dimers, and prot

158 d tubulin in vitro contain between 10 and 16 protofilaments; however, such structural polymorphisms a

159 re expelled resulting in a helically twisted protofilament in which side chains from a pair of beta-s

160 obscured by sheet-sheet interactions between protofilaments in a fibril.

161 and Kar3Cik1, Ncd binds adjacent microtubule protofilaments in a novel microtubule binding configurat

162 duced by nucleotide hydrolysis and keeps the protofilaments in a straight conformation, resulting in

163 Flaring protofilaments in budding yeasts were linked by fibrils

164 ropose that the linker prevents dynamic FtsZ protofilaments in bundles from sticking to one another,

165 he lateral interactions between the adjacent protofilaments in CET are particularly strongly stabiliz

166 linking the antiparallel orientation of MreB protofilaments in E. coli.

167 ive motors, which commonly follow individual protofilaments in the absence of obstacles, appear to po

168 vide strong support that supercoiling of the protofilaments in the flagellar filament is determined b

169 n undergoes GTP-dependent assembly into thin protofilaments in the presence of calcium as a stabilizi

170 ic regulator of lateral interactions between protofilaments in vitro FtsZ lacking its CTL (DeltaCTL)

171 t to kinetochores and in orienting Ska along protofilaments in vitro.

172 spindle microtubules displayed some flaring protofilaments, including those growing in the anaphase

173 icrotubule, most likely by promoting lateral protofilament interactions and by accelerating reactions

174 The beta-sheet interface and protofilament interactions identified here revealed loca

175 L68 is probably buried in the protofilament interface upon assembly, causing the fluor

176 Spectrin and protein 4.1 cross-link F-actin protofilaments into a network called the membrane skelet

177 The assembly of FtsZ protofilaments into dynamic clusters is critical for cel

178 min A show severe defects in the assembly of protofilaments into higher order lamin structures.

179 microscopy revealed that FzlA organizes FtsZ protofilaments into striking helical bundles.

180 These rings were able to bundle FtsZ protofilaments into strikingly long and regular tubular

181 The S-shaped HuPrP(120-144) protofilament is similar to the amyloid core structure o

182 sheets, and that electrostatic attraction of protofilaments is only slightly stronger than these weak

183 than forming a well-defined structure, FtsZ protofilaments laterally associate in vitro into polymor

184 g stacks, implying that Tau can crosslink MT protofilaments laterally.

185 atastrophe by exerting tension on individual protofilaments, leading to microtubule stabilization.

186 dynamic equilibrium controlled by pH at the protofilament level between left- and right-twist fibril

187 a deeper level of chiral organization at the protofilament level of fibril structure.

188 attices," in which the alpha-tubulins of one protofilament lie next to alpha-tubulins in the neighbor

189 e microtubule lattice and dolastatin-induced protofilament-like structures, we demonstrate that the S

190 Flaring protofilaments linked to chromatin are well placed to ex

191 ments show that, despite being shorter, FtsZ protofilaments maintain their narrow distribution in siz

192 pairs of beta-sheets at the cores of the two protofilaments making up a fibril.

193 re formed is unknown, although the number of protofilaments may depend on the nature of the alpha- an

194 ions suggest that geometrical features of MT-protofilaments may play an important role in the switch

195 ey these noncanonical structures, from the 4-protofilament microtubules of Prosthecobacter to the 40-

196 Copolymerization with Mal3 favors 13 protofilament microtubules with reduced protofilament sk

197 acked with a cross-linked bundle of long, 15-protofilament microtubules, mec-17;atat-2 mutants lackin

198 icrotubule ends to nucleate and stabilize 13-protofilament microtubules.

199 ) sense gentle touch and uniquely contain 15-protofilament microtubules.

200 This result is significant because 13 protofilament MTs with B-lattices must include a "seam,"

201 ty to specifically nucleate and stabilize 13-protofilament MTs, our reconstruction provides unprecede

202 ule lattice structure by increasing both the protofilament number and lattice defects.

203 on which FliD oligomers are affixed vary in protofilament number between bacteria, our results sugge

204 bules, rampant lattice defects, and variable protofilament number both between and within microtubule

205 etylation of MEC-12 alpha-tubulin constrains protofilament number in C. elegans touch receptor neuron

206 alpha-tubulin is an essential constraint on protofilament number in vivo.

207 erase activity (such as the determination of protofilament number) and others that do not (presence o

208 ors other than tubulin constrain microtubule protofilament number, but the nature of these constraint

209 We describe the determinants of protofilament number, namely nucleation factors, tubulin

210 e in eukaryotes, microtubules with divergent protofilament numbers and higher-order microtubule assem

211 found that tau regulates the distribution of protofilament numbers in MTs as reflected in the observe

212 We review the variety of protofilament numbers observed in different species, in

213 with the large flexural rigidity of tubulin protofilaments obtained (18,000-26,000 pN.nm(2)) support

214 tion as a "molecular ruler" generating actin protofilaments of approximately 37 nm.

215 We provide an atomic view of antiparallel protofilaments of Caulobacter MreB as apparent from crys

216 3D cryo-EM shows that pairs of protofilaments of Caulobacter MreB tightly bind to membr

217 nteracts with FtsZ-GDP, resulting in smaller protofilaments of defined size and having the same effec

218 Furthermore, the MPL data indicate that the protofilaments of the examined Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-4

219 n ensemble average of the varying individual protofilament on-rate constants (kon,PF).

220 Curved protofilaments on anaphase kinetochore microtubules were

221 show that it assembles into spiraling ~9 nm protofilaments on lipid monolayers.

222 on between (a) FtsZ subunits assembling onto protofilaments or (b) binding SulA.

223 bridging tubulin heterodimers from adjacent protofilaments or within a protofilament.

224 ie next to alpha-tubulins in the neighboring protofilaments, or the "A" configuration, where alpha-tu

225 t into microtubule stiffness and reveal that protofilament orientation does not affect radial stiffne

226 tional kinesin-1 tracks a single microtubule protofilament, other kinesins, akin to dyneins, switch p

227 omain movement that would stabilize the FtsZ protofilament over the monomeric state, with the conform

228 and straight filaments differ in their inter-protofilament packing, showing that they are ultrastruct

229 ow that B-tubules of DMTs contain exactly 10 protofilaments (PFs) and that the inner junction (IJ) an

230 a site on beta-tubulin that is required for protofilament plus-end elongation.

231 f models is based on lateral bonding between protofilaments, postulating that a contraction could be

232 nist blocks FtsZ assembly into GTP-dependent protofilaments, producing a wide distribution of smaller

233 ated SlmA oligomerization would prevent FtsZ protofilament propagation and bundling.

234 del fibers composed of six twisted beta-roll protofilaments provide the most reasonable fit to availa

235 is the 'conformational wave' model, in which protofilaments pull on the kinetochore as they curl outw

236 However, how the dynamics of individual protofilaments relates to overall growth persistence has

237 mutant L72W, where assembly of subunits into protofilaments results in a significant increase in tryp

238 the pore between the two sheets of the Sup35 protofilaments results in long-lived structures, which a

239 the atomic structure of the microtubule (MT) protofilament reveals that the beta-tubulin Arg391 resid

240 action partner similarly associated with the protofilament ribbon and ciliary motility, also positive

241 PACRG is associated with the protofilament ribbon, a structure believed to dictate th

242 Roles for protofilament ribbon-associated proteins in nonmotile ci

243 , and that stathmin depolymerizes stabilized protofilament-rich polymers.

244 membrane-associated protein that forms large protofilament sheets that resemble eukaryotic tubulin an

245 nd GDP-tubulin suggesting that it targets to protofilament-shift defects.

246 Analyses of curvature on >8,500 protofilaments showed that all classes of spindle microt

247 , a tubulin-like GTPase, that assembles into protofilaments similar to those in microtubules but diff

248 laments, helical rise of tubulin dimers, and protofilament skew angle with respect to the main tube a

249 s 13 protofilament microtubules with reduced protofilament skew, indicating that Mal3 adjusts interpr

250 B-lattice interprotofilament contacts, with protofilaments skewed around the microtubule axis.

251 g that a contraction could be generated when protofilaments slide to increase the number of lateral b

252 Importantly, AJ imparts strong inter-protofilament stability in a manner different from other

253 acteriophage PhiKZ in both the monomeric and protofilament states, revealing that PhiKZ TubZ undergoe

254 ting an uncoupling of disassembly speed from protofilament strain.

255 can promote catastrophe by direct action on protofilament structure and interactions.

256 c structures (tip conformations) and examine protofilament structure as the tip spontaneously progres

257 hare an axial twofold symmetry and a similar protofilament structure.

258 ate via side-chain packing to form the final protofilament structure.

259 roteins, which follow individual microtubule protofilaments (such as kinesin-1), deal with obstacles

260 ld, and one crystal form contained sheets of protofilaments, suggesting a structural role.

261 Molecular modeling suggests 1), that the protofilament switching may be due to kinesin-8 having a

262 However, the molecular trajectory-whether protofilament switching occurs in a directed or stochast

263 eas under conditions of slower dynamics, the protofilaments tended to associate into long, thin bundl

264 karyotic actin homologue MreB forms pairs of protofilaments that adopt an antiparallel arrangement in

265 ns known to date are assembled from pairs of protofilaments that are arranged in a parallel fashion,

266 Eukaryotic F-actin is constructed from two protofilaments that gently wind around each other to for

267 onsisting of laterally associated beta-sheet protofilaments that may be adopted as an alternative to

268 etochore microtubule ends flared into curved protofilaments that were connected to chromatin by slend

269 inear polymers of alpha-beta tubulin dimers (protofilaments) that form a tubular quinary structure.

270 ne bending depends on which side of the bent protofilament the mts is attached to.

271 In addition, the surface of protofilaments, the precursors of the mature flat and tw

272 ermore, Ndc80 complexes self-associate along protofilaments through interactions mediated by the amin

273 weak interactions between curved polar FtsZ protofilaments through their the C-tails may facilitate

274 molecular cross-linking reagent between FtsZ protofilaments to enhance FtsZ assembly.

275 a stiff entropic spring linking the bending protofilaments to the membrane.

276 nd in addition to identify the nature of the protofilament-to-protofilament contacts that lead to the

277 Is protofilament tracking an inherent property of processiv

278 t are the structural determinants underlying protofilament tracking?

279 ot account for bundle formation, as reducing protofilament turnover in WT is not sufficient to induce

280 that WHAMM bound to the outer surface of MT protofilaments via a novel interaction between its centr

281 Annealing of protofilaments was demonstrated for the L68W mutant in E

282 Only marginal binding of MinC to FtsZ-GTP protofilaments was observed by analytical ultracentrifug

283 n between alpha-alpha and beta-beta units of protofilaments, was also identified and provided a ratio

284 ogy has only one protofilament, although two protofilaments were observed with a previously studied A

285 Escherichia coli FtsZ into one subunit thick protofilaments were studied using combined biophysical a

286 every tubulin monomer along the microtubule protofilament, whereas theC. elegansNdc80 complex binds

287 to form long, often parallel, but unbundled protofilaments, whereas a mutant of FtsZ (FtsZ*) with st

288 embly were predominantly short, one-stranded protofilaments, whereas under conditions of slower dynam

289 hat attach in a head-to-tail fashion to form protofilaments, which further associate laterally to for

290 ation by increasing lateral assembly of FtsZ protofilaments, which then form the Z ring.

291 m, and appears to have the ability to switch protofilaments while stepping along the microtubule when

292 ossess Ribbons of three to four hyper-stable protofilaments whose location, organization, and special

293 ze head to tail forming tubulin-like dynamic protofilaments, whose organization in the Z-ring is an u

294 (42) fibrils obtained at low pH revealed two protofilaments winding around a hollow core raising the

295 This structure reveals 2 protofilaments winding around a hollow core.

296 se rotations indicate that the motors switch protofilaments with a bias toward the left.

297 rm of FtsA reveal that FtsA forms actin-like protofilaments with a repeat of 48 A.

298 netic difference between leading and lagging protofilaments within a tapered tip.

299 crotubule surface and rapidly "hops" between protofilaments without dissociating from the microtubule

300 m F-actin-like helical arrangements from two protofilaments, yet with varied helical geometries.