ライフサイエンスコーパス: proton gradient

1 due to production of additional ATP (via the proton gradient).

2 m an external energy source such as ATP or a proton gradient.

3 ts, allowing formation of an "extracellular" proton gradient.

4 in membranes stimulated by precursor and the proton gradient.

5 iporter fluxing divalent cations against the proton gradient.

6 pendent on the presence of ATP and an intact proton gradient.

7 mbrane to store energy in an electrochemical proton gradient.

8 pe diploid but do not support formation of a proton gradient.

9 GTP hydrolysis, and an intact inner-membrane proton gradient.

10 etion step, which requires neither ATP nor a proton gradient.

11 enabling antiport without dissipation of the proton gradient.

12 xygen reduction to establish a transmembrane proton gradient.

13 he chemical component of the electrochemical proton gradient.

14 s that results in a membrane electrochemical proton gradient.

15 of substrate counter to the direction of the proton gradient.

16 reversible dissipation of the mitochondrial proton gradient.

17 oxygen to water, concomitantly generating a proton gradient.

18 xylase (MGAD), is regulated by the vesicular proton gradient.

19 iration is used to generate a trans-membrane proton gradient.

20 gy to pump protons against the transmembrane proton gradient.

21 tion, suggesting an energy dependence on the proton gradient.

22 umination is a result of the generation of a proton gradient.

23 transport to a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient.

24 n kinase that is controlled by the vesicular proton gradient.

25 ake was also stimulated by an inside-outside proton gradient.

26 that was independent of the electrochemical proton gradient.

27 of membrane potential or the plasma membrane proton gradient.

28 cross the lipid membranes in the presence of proton gradient.

29 ynthesis to the light-driven electrochemical proton gradient.

30 m glycerol, indicating the requirement for a proton gradient.

31 cation of protons against an electrochemical proton gradient.

32 ing the redox energy into the cross-membrane proton gradient.

33 ialized secretion apparatus energized by the proton gradient.

34 e dynamin-like GTPase Vps1p and the vacuolar proton gradient.

35 gulated, to avoid decoupling of the membrane proton gradient.

36 on the premise that LUCA depended on natural proton gradients.

37 t-dependent generation of a transthylakoidal proton gradient; (2) the deepoxidation of the xanthophyl

38 charged lipid membranes can generate a local proton gradient, accelerating the acid-catalyzed formati

39 is a multidrug transporter that utilises the proton gradient across bacterial cell membranes to pump

40 The development of an electrochemical proton gradient across illuminated thylakoid membranes a

41 ated by an inwardly directed electrochemical proton gradient across right-side-out vesicles, an effec

42 levels, because conditions that enhance the proton gradient across the bacterial inner membrane stim

43 cular motor in all life forms, utilizing the proton gradient across the cell membrane to fuel the syn

44 We suggest too that the proton gradient across the cell wall and cytoplasmic mem

45 gars) in order to maintain a electrochemical proton gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane.

46 Dissipation of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

47 Because different proteins compete for the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane,

48 ires the establishment of an electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

49 ) to transport protons, thus dissipating the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

50 be harnessed to generate an electrochemical proton gradient across the lipid bilayer.

51 om NADH to ubiquinone to the creation of the proton gradient across the membrane necessary for ATP sy

52 ith an l-Asp/l-Ala antiporter to establish a proton gradient across the membrane that can be used for

53 ated by an inwardly directed electrochemical proton gradient across the membrane vesicles, an effect

54 ry catalysis, powered by the electrochemical proton gradient across the membrane.

55 rs, are capable of generating a photoinduced proton gradient across the membrane.

56 ein that is energized by the electrochemical proton gradient across the membrane.

57 on process in the form of an electrochemical proton gradient across the membrane.

58 This is a complex reaction powered by the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane,

59 Mitochondrial uncouplers, which reduce the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane,

60 But given the unavailability of ATP or a proton gradient across the OM, it is unknown what energy

61 suggests that HA1 is crucial for building a proton gradient across the PAM and therefore is indispen

62 proton symporter (MIT), which is driven by a proton gradient across the parasite membrane.

63 ungus to plant cells is thought to require a proton gradient across the periarbuscular membrane (PAM)

64 Electron transport and the electrochemical proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane are two fu

65 n centers and the associated electrochemical proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane result in

66 m the cytosol to the vacuole lumen using the proton gradient across the tonoplast.

67 od, but it is clear that the generation of a proton gradient across the vesicle membrane is crucial.

68 VMAT2) using energy from an electrochemical proton gradient across the vesicle membranes.

69 ner mitochondrial membrane and dissipate the proton gradient across this membrane that is normally us

70 lex rotary motors that convert the energy of proton gradients across coupling membranes into the chem

71 ractically all cells harness electrochemical proton gradients across membranes to drive ATP synthesis

72 n acid-activated ion channel that dissipates proton gradients across membranes) and measured the effe

73 lkaline hydrothermal systems sustain natural proton gradients across the thin inorganic barriers of i

74 Using the PR constructs, we generated proton gradients across the vesicle membrane along prede

75 Natural proton gradients acting across thin FeS walls within alk

76 gion (P-side) in mitochondria; the resultant proton gradient activates ATP synthase to produce ATP fr

77 P were abolished by disrupting the lysosomal proton gradient and by ablating TPC2 expression, but wer

78 en postulated to dissipate the mitochondrial proton gradient and cause metabolic inefficiency.

79 tial energy of the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) proton gradient and CM proteins TonB, ExbB, and ExbD.

80 Mitochondrial uncouplers dissipate this proton gradient and disrupt numerous cellular processes,

81 o acids of the epsilon subunit collapses the proton gradient and hinders ATP synthesis with similar e

82 tive stress by dissipating the mitochondrial proton gradient and mitochondrial membrane potential (De

83 contrast with CCCP, which both abolished the proton gradient and stimulated hydrolysis.

84 Mitochondrial respiration generates a proton gradient and superoxide radicals, suggesting a po

85 ransporter that is driven by a transmembrane proton gradient and that is also known to be involved in

86 esses are coupled to both an electrochemical proton gradient and the hydrolysis of ATP.

87 altering CO2 levels to adjust the thylakoid proton gradient and thus the regulation of light harvest

88 This uptake depended upon a proton gradient and was reversed by a specific V-H+-PPas

89 Independence of the export from proton gradients and ATP suggests that overexpression of

90 ing among ATP hydrolysis, an electrochemical proton gradient, and glutamate transport.

91 TonB to respond to the cytoplasmic membrane proton gradient, and occurs in proportion to the level o

92 However, electrochemical proton gradient, and possibly ATP hydrolysis, are not re

93 t Hoechst 33342 in response to an artificial proton gradient, and transport was blocked by nigericin

94 tion response of the qE key components LHCX, proton gradient, and xanthophyll cycle pigments (Dd+Dt)

95 Electrochemical proton gradients are the basis of energy transduction in

96 the responses of redox states to changes in proton gradient, are dependent on the details of the mod

97 ions via a mechanism using the transmembrane proton gradient as a cue for polar localization.

98 e systems, which utilize the electrochemical proton gradient as a driving force.

99 at SynK-less cyanobacteria cannot build up a proton gradient as efficiently as WT organisms, suggesti

100 embranes transport folded proteins using the proton gradient as the sole energy source.

101 cells being unable to maintain mitochondrial proton gradients as a consequence of UCP-2 upregulation.

102 ved photocycle intermediates, as well as the proton gradient at a given light intensity.

103 DH/FADH(2)), in oxygenation, and in membrane proton gradient/ATP demand.

104 nflux Vmax and collapse of the transmembrane proton gradient attributed to the diffusion of the proto

105 etween proton pumping and dissipation of the proton gradient by ATP-synthase is critical to avoid for

106 obacteria metabolize hydrogen and generate a proton gradient by electron transport.

107 Increasing the trans-membrane proton gradient by lowering the extracellular pH from 7.

108 e c oxidase contributes to the transmembrane proton gradient by removing two protons from the high-pH

109 with the maintenance of the electrochemical proton gradient by the H(+)-ATPase.

110 eases the free energy available from natural proton gradients by approximately 60%, enabling survival

111 The amplified proton gradient could also be responsible for the acid i

112 The reaction occurs with proton-gradient coupled conformational changes, which af

113 electrical component of the electrochemical proton gradient created by the chromaffin granule membra

114 nergy coupling posits a bulk electrochemical proton gradient (Deltap) as the sole driving force for p

115 ) to generate a mitochondrial inner membrane proton gradient (DeltaP).

116 icular membrane potential (Deltapsi) and the proton gradient (DeltapH) are important driving forces f

117 A proton gradient (DeltapH) can drive LF unfolding and tra

118 rce, composed of the chemical potential, the proton gradient (DeltapH), and the membrane potential (D

119 ing of a membrane potential (DeltaPsi) and a proton gradient (DeltapH).

120 pid bilayers that a physiologically relevant proton gradient (DeltapH, where the endosome is acidifie

121 We analyzed YgfU and showed that it is a proton-gradient dependent, low-affinity (K(m) 0.5 mM), a

122 ive phenotype of a yeast mutant and mediated proton gradient-dependent Ca2+/H+ exchange activity in v

123 efflux in a membrane potential and chemical proton gradient-dependent fashion.

124 s a close cooperation between the redox- and proton gradient-dependent regulatory mechanisms for prop

125 two distinct membrane transport mechanisms: proton gradient-driven and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) tr

126 to make substrate binding a prerequisite of proton gradient-driven gamma subunit rotation.

127 to make substrate binding a prerequisite of proton gradient-driven gamma subunit rotation.

128 e molecular origin of the action of the F(0) proton gradient-driven rotor presents a major puzzle des

129 ause phosphate binding is believed linked to proton gradient-driven subunit rotation.

130 ouple electron transfer with a transmembrane proton gradient driving ATP production.

131 ters into synaptic vesicles is driven by the proton gradient established across the vesicle membrane.

132 energized by the membrane potential and the proton gradient established by the combined activity of

133 Results indicate that a proton gradient exists inside the reverse micelles, leav

134 uptake, or in NH(4)(+), which diminishes the proton gradient for ACh uptake into the vesicles.

135 nd generates a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient for adenosine triphosphate synthesis.

136 lfide oxidoreductase system that generates a proton gradient for ATP synthesis not previously describ

137 roximity to the cell membrane to harness the proton gradient for energy generation.

138 mbrane protein that uses the cell membrane's proton gradient for import of lactose.

139 residues are required in LF(N) to utilize a proton gradient for translocation.

140 s the O2 level; (2) decreased cross-membrane proton gradient from membrane damage, coupled with hypox

141 The proton gradient generated by pyrophosphate was collapsed

142 and low-affinity NO3(-) transporters and the proton gradient generated by the plasma membrane H(+)-AT

143 s energized with an electrical potential and proton gradient generated through the action of H+ pumps

144 mbranes can synthesize ATP at the expense of proton gradients generated by pH transitions in the dark

145 We now show that the vacuole proton gradient, generated by the vacuolar proton ATPase

146 ation by either a delocalized or a localized proton gradient geometry.

147 ver, the precise mechanisms by which natural proton gradients, H2, CO2 and metal sulphides could have

148 It is energized by the proton gradient; here, a mutational approach was used to

149 e stimulation of MsbA-ATPase by the chemical proton gradient highlight the functional integration of

150 DMP 777 reversed a stimulated proton gradient in isolated parietal cell tubulovesicles

151 ng and maintaining the crucial transmembrane proton gradient in plants and fungi.

152 liposomes and used to effect a light-driven proton gradient, indicating that both native conformatio

153 membrane vesicles generated a transmembrane proton gradient, indicating that hydrolysis occurred via

154 n pumping by 2-fold but had no effect on the proton gradient induced by addition of succinate.

155 ow not only proton transport but also unique proton-gradient-induced water transport across the lipid

156 ocesses, by transforming the electrochemical proton gradient into ATP energy via proton transport acr

157 efficiently converts a cell's transmembrane proton gradient into chemical energy stored as ATP.

158 The proton gradient is a principal energy source for respira

159 The plasma membrane proton gradient is an essential feature of plant cells.

160 t in an assay in which an outwardly directed proton gradient is artificially imposed and solute uptak

161 ivation of the enzyme by the electrochemical proton gradient is discussed.

162 ed for membrane disruption and that only the proton gradient is dispersed.

163 mutant embryos, because their mitochondrial proton gradient is disrupted and reactive oxygen species

164 icidin, indicating that the synaptic vesicle proton gradient is essential in ATP activation of MGAD.

165 e substrate, energy from an electro-chemical proton gradient is transduced into the recruitment of Ta

166 gs mobilized by NAADP that is dependent on a proton gradient maintained by an ATP-dependent vacuolar-

167 e oxidoreduction to generate a transmembrane proton gradient, making the 2H(+)/2e(-) quinone chemistr

168 can be used as fluorescent pH indicators for proton gradient measurements.

169 to GABA packaging into synaptic vesicles by proton gradient-mediated GABA transport is presented.

170 It is responsible in part for generating the proton gradient necessary for ATP production.

171 more, CCCP, a protonophore that disrupts the proton gradient necessary for the secretion of related R

172 sues function to establish concentration and proton gradients necessary for cells with high mitochond

173 cytochrome reduction to the generation of a proton gradient needed for ATP synthesis.

174 reas citrate and glycine neither altered the proton gradient nor inhibited PCFT-mediated transport.

175 n of the central plant organelle generates a proton gradient of often 1-2 pH units or more.

176 is abolished by conditions that disrupt the proton gradient of synaptic vesicles, e.g. the presence

177 to convert potential energy inherent in the proton gradient of the cytoplasmic membrane into active

178 Collapsing the DV proton gradient (or starving the parasites of glucose) r

179 s can be elicited, especially with an inward proton gradient (pH(o) < pH(i)).

180 under strict control of the electrochemical proton gradient (pmf) across the membrane.

181 photosystem I, the cyanobacterial homolog of Proton Gradient Regulation 5 is shown not to be crucial

182 higher plants that lack the FDPs and use the Proton Gradient Regulation 5 to safeguard photosystem I,

183 one or more redox pathways mediated by PGR5 (PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5) and NDH (NAD(P)H dehydroge

184 onas reinhardtii mutant (pgrl1) deficient in PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION LIKE1 (PGRL1)-mediated CEF.

185 The PGR5/proton gradient regulation-like1 (PGRL1) ferredoxin (Fd)

186 oplastic oxygen-sensitive hydrogenases or in Proton-Gradient Regulation-Like1 (PGRL1)-dependent cycli

187 The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proton gradient regulation5 (Crpgr5) mutant shows phenot

188 Moreover, proton gradient regulation5 (PGR5) is required for prope

189 We showed that PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5)-dependent regulation

190 l via two main routes: one that involves the Proton Gradient Regulation5 (PGR5)/PGRL1 complex (PGR) a

191 tion with nonphotochemical quenching and the proton gradient regulation5-dependent control of electro

192 To investigate the functional importance of Proton Gradient Regulation5-Like1 (PGRL1) for photosynth

193 al membrane transporters which dissipate the proton gradient, releasing stored energy as heat.

194 ile inhibiting respiratory generation of the proton gradient restored resistance to antimicrobial pep

195 plants suggest that increasing the vacuolar proton gradient results in increased solute accumulation

196 ells in the presence of an inwardly directed proton gradient showed directional asymmetry (favoring a

197 on of inhibitors of the cytoplasmic membrane proton gradient, such as azide, led to a strong increase

198 uples electron transfer to generation of the proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

199 eliminates the capacity of F(1) to couple a proton gradient to ATP synthesis.

200 bility of the F(1)F(o) ATP synthase to use a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis.

201 ids, maintaining a sufficient transthylakoid proton gradient to drive protein translocation or other

202 F1F0 ATP synthases use a transmembrane proton gradient to drive the synthesis of cellular ATP.

203 uperfamily (MFS) transporters that utilize a proton gradient to drive the uptake of di- and tri-pepti

204 nment and transduces the energy of an inward proton gradient to drive Zn(II) efflux.

205 membrane proteins ExbB and ExbD harness the proton gradient to energize TonB, which directly contact

206 s to the transport site enables a stationary proton gradient to facilitate the conversion of zinc-bin

207 Mitochondria rely on a proton gradient to generate ATP and interfering with ele

208 contrast to the F-type ATPases, which use a proton gradient to generate ATP, the V-type enzymes use

209 e transhydrogenase (Nnt), which utilizes the proton gradient to generate NADPH from NADH and NADP(+),

210 stead depends on the thylakoid transmembrane proton gradient to power protein translocation.

211 The requirement for a proton gradient to sequester the charged species CH(3)NH

212 0)F(1)-ATP synthase couple the photo-induced proton gradient to the production of ATP.

213 pathway uses three membrane proteins and the proton gradient to transport folded proteins across seal

214 ynthase, a rotary motor protein that couples proton gradients to ATP synthesis.

215 g phototrophs and chemolithotrophs, also use proton gradients to power carbon fixation directly.

216 nario, including the following: DeltapH, the proton gradient (trigger); light-harvesting complex II (

217 ger and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger) coupled to the proton gradient, ultimately maintained by the proton pum

218 hoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial proton gradient uncoupler, to release mitochondrial free

219 affects protein structure and function, and proton gradients underlie the function of organelles suc

220 ystem I to the generation of a transmembrane proton gradient used for the biosynthesis of ATP.

221 As much as two-thirds of the proton gradient used for transmembrane free energy stora

222 Insertion failed when the TM proton gradient was abolished with Carbonyl cyanide m-ch

223 When this proton gradient was abolished with nigericin, the extram

224 The role of the proton gradient was determined by exposing M. tuberculos

225 bining parallel or antiparallel chloride and proton gradients, we show that the doped mesophase can o

226 ntaining bR proteoliposomes exhibit a stable proton gradient when irradiated with visible light, wher

227 ntial and pH gradient of the electrochemical proton gradient, whereas VGLUT1 is primarily dependent o

228 during its activation by the electrochemical proton gradient which specifically alters the conformati

229 We further provide evidence that the proton gradient, which is required for translocation, in

230 ndria use the respiratory chain to produce a proton gradient, which is then harnessed for the synthes

231 liberated free energy as an electrochemical proton gradient, which is used for the synthesis of ATP.

232 e view that UCP4 may dissipate the excessive proton gradient, which is usually associated with ROS pr