ライフサイエンスコーパス: pupil

1 and 0.53 +/- 0.24 mum postoperatively (4-mm pupils).

2 d exposure keratopathy and traumatic dilated pupil.

3 romodulators on the behaviors of teacher and pupil.

4 ris vascular tufts visible around the entire pupil.

5 the lens and rostral motoneurons control the pupil.

6 ed by signals from S cones in control of the pupil.

7 nts made it difficult to fully visualize the pupil.

8 ionals (ProfScreen) with referral of at-risk pupils.

9 in 8 eyes pre- and postoperatively for 4-mm pupils.

10 ere measured in 11 observers for 3- and 5-mm pupils.

11 cus in three cyclopledged subjects with 4-mm pupils.

12 decentered 0.3 and 0.6 mm-at 3-mm and 4.5-mm pupils.

13 53 pupils (0.6%) were excluded from school by age 8 years,

14 14 pupils (0.70%) reported incident suicide attempts at the

15 rsus 34 (1.51%) in the control group, and 15 pupils (0.75%) reported incident severe suicidal ideatio

16 impaired convergence, nystagmus, and lid or pupil abnormalities.

17 vel paradigm designed to capture patterns of pupil adaptation during sustained periods of dark and li

18 We developed multi-pupil adaptive optics (MPAO), which enables simultaneous

19 ean values indicated a rising D3MFT count as pupils aged (consistent with new teeth emerging), which

20 ree pharyngeal swabs were collected from 999 pupils aged 10 to 18 years in The Gambia.

21 An off-axis pupil and the principle of chromatic aberration (where d

22 ed between a state of rest and a constricted pupil, and one of active locomotion and a dilated pupil,

23 e of Mental Health Programme (YAM) targeting pupils, and (3) screening by professionals (ProfScreen)

24 st family had bilateral microcornea, ectopic pupils, and cone-rod dystrophy.

25 y, stereoacuity, ocular alignment, motility, pupils, and external abnormalities.

26 Rapid dilations of the pupil are tightly associated with phasic activity in nor

27 studies on wider characteristics of excluded pupils are scarce.

28 and larger heart rate, skin conductance, and pupil area responses to loud sounds (multivariate p = .0

29 Causes included pupil block from air, swollen grafts, and corticosteroid

30 lanopsin influences circadian rhythm and the pupil, but its contribution to cortex and perception is

31 Thus, the pupil can be used to sensitively track the activity in m

32 and-wide record linkage of education (annual pupil census) and maternity (Scottish Morbidity Record 0

33 hiatric hospitals, maternity records, annual pupil census, examinations, school absences and exclusio

34 The pupil center coordinates were used as reference for esti

35 d coaxially sighted corneal light reflex and pupil center is described not by an angle, but by a chor

36 Remarkably, the magnitude of this pupil choice effect (yes > no) reflected the individual

37 ulation evoked circadian phase resetting and pupil constriction (known consequences of mRGC activatio

38 eflexive visual functions in people, such as pupil constriction and circadian photoentrainment.

39 onse to light demonstrated decreased maximum pupil constriction diameter in blast-injured mice using

40 0 times less potent in stimulating mouse-eye pupil constriction than muscarinic agonists oxotremorin-

41 owing and either iris prolapse or >/=2 mm of pupil constriction), or severe (billowing accompanied by

42 accompanied by iris prolapse and >/=2 mm of pupil constriction).

43 ntralateral untreated pupil when the peak of pupil contraction reached an average pupil size of 3.25

44 Three parameters of pupil contraction were determined automatically: percent

45 nse relationship between light intensity and pupil contraction.

46 y, the treated pupil started to show reduced pupil contractions compared with the contralateral untre

47 Here, we investigated the neural basis of pupil control by monitoring pupil size across time while

48 preganglionic population is specialized for pupil control, whereas more caudal elements control the

49 flap at the center of the light-constricted pupil created with a femtosecond laser.

50 80 school pupils drawn from 564 886 National Pupil Database records of adolescents aged 15 years, liv

51 Mean pupil diameter (mm) was preopertively: 7.52 +/- 1.21, 7.

52 stoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) and pupil diameter (PD).

53 Changes in pupil diameter also accompany covert orienting; hence th

54 Pupil diameter also correlated trial-by-trial with speci

55 nificant linear correlation observed between pupil diameter and HVF mean deviation (r = -0.44; P = 0.

56 baseline catecholamine levels (as indexed by pupil diameter and manipulated pharmacologically) on the

57 Subjective stress, pupil diameter and skin conductance all tracked the evol

58 dings demonstrate that saccadic velocity and pupil diameter are affected by reward magnitude and that

59 ation of laterality as the random effect and pupil diameter as the fixed effect.

60 In Study 2 we compared women's pupil diameter change in response to the faces of men wi

61 Pupil diameter change was not related to subjective rati

62 a measure of women's physiological arousal (pupil diameter change) was correlated with ratings of me

63 With cycloplegia, pupil diameter changed significantly more in presbyopic

64 In all groups, pupil diameter dilated more with larger rewards (p<0.05)

65 Off-medication patients showed a decreased pupil diameter during the task.

66 ail soaked cellulose sponge on perioperative pupil diameter in tamsulosin-treated patients undergoing

67 ggest that non-luminance-mediated changes in pupil diameter might reflect LC-mediated coordination of

68 ry rewards, with eye position, velocity, and pupil diameter monitored with an infrared eye tracker.

69 by which such cognitive processes influence pupil diameter remain somewhat unclear, although cortica

70 C activation reliably anticipates changes in pupil diameter that either fluctuate naturally or are dr

71 Changes in pupil diameter that reflect effort and other cognitive f

72 head-fixed on a running wheel and monitored pupil diameter to assay arousal.

73 tend previous findings connecting changes in pupil diameter to neural activity under varying cognitiv

74 s indicated faster reaction times and larger pupil diameter to the presentation of combined auditory

75 Small fluctuations in pupil diameter tracked these state transitions in multip

76 port; Roland Consult, Brandenburg, Germany); pupil diameter was measured with an eye tracker system.

77 Pupil diameter was recorded using an infrared pupillogra

78 te aspects of decision making, we found that pupil diameter was uniquely related to a model parameter

79 Mean aberration values for a mesopic pupil diameter were: total HOA RMS: 0.41 +/- 0.30 mum, c

80 Pupillometry (the measurement of pupil diameter) provides a simple and noninvasive index

81 ted with defocus, spherical aberrations, and pupil diameter) with the accommodative demand.

82 An optimal model consisting of 3 variables (pupil diameter, ACD, and I-Curv) explained 36.7% of the

83 e show that angular dispersion covaries with pupil diameter, an index of baseline catecholamine level

84 of all aberrations (RMS) (P = .046) at 6 mm pupil diameter, and change in total RMS (P = .019), thir

85 After adjustment for pupil diameter, APAC eyes had smaller ACD, ACA, ACV, I-C

86 fourth-order aberrations (P = .041) at 4 mm pupil diameter, demonstrated significantly lower results

87 easures (heart rate, heart rate variability, pupil diameter, electrodermal activity, respiration rate

88 its to regulate task-dependent modulation of pupil diameter, perhaps indicative of an organization wh

89 y by which cognitive processes may influence pupil diameter, perhaps operating in conjunction with sy

90 esbyopic and 42 presbyopic eyes, we measured pupil diameter, radius of corneal curvature values, cent

91 e task, and are associated with dilations in pupil diameter, suggesting that ascending neuromodulator

92 te for how cognitive processes can influence pupil diameter.

93 spectively, because of cataract and/or small pupil diameter.

94 shifts in axial A-IOL location and tilt and pupil diameter.

95 eye's refraction and aberrations for a 4-mm pupil diameter.

96 iary ganglion control lens accommodation and pupil diameter.

97 native substrate for cognitive influences on pupil diameter.

98 But how do cognitive processes influence pupil diameter?

99 ons were not decreased significantly for all pupil diameters (P > .05).

100 Larger pupil diameters at the time of surgery showed a tendency

101 Compared to control, the mean baseline pupil diameters were significantly smaller for all patie

102 Atropine 0.01% also caused minimal pupil dilation (0.8 mm), minimal loss of accommodation (

103 001) and greater reduction of iris volume on pupil dilation (beta [change in iris volume in millimete

104 heir firing during locomotion, whisking, and pupil dilation and are involved in spatially specific to

105 onvisual" to highlight its signaling role in pupil dilation and circadian rhythms.

106 of noradrenergic neurons increased with both pupil dilation and effort production in relation to the

107 Pupil dilation does not meaningfully affect vertical or

108 Pupil dilation doesn't affect SD-OCT measurements and th

109 The overall amplitude of pupil dilation during decision formation was bigger befo

110 res, as well as gaze patterns and changes in pupil dilation during free viewing.

111 the superior colliculus (SCi), evoked robust pupil dilation even in the absence of evoked saccades.

112 Moreover, pupil dilation evoked from the FEFs increased when presu

113 Ophthalmologists should bear in mind that pupil dilation for a retina check-up could result in acu

114 e attack of angle-closure glaucoma following pupil dilation in regressed ROP has never been reported.

115 We recorded reaction times and pupil dilation in response to a series of visual and aud

116 at they had received an eye examination with pupil dilation in the last year.

117 Pupil dilation is a known risk factor for acute angle-cl

118 Pupil dilation metrics correlate with individual differe

119 there is no clinically significant effect of pupil dilation on the IOLMaster measurements of axial le

120 h conventional mydriatic eye drops to induce pupil dilation prior to cataract surgery using a budget

121 Pupil dilation scaled with the number and intensity of s

122 ses, to examine the neural systems linked to pupil dilation under varying cognitive demands.

123 Transient pupil dilation was elicited after visual stimulus presen

124 Pupil dilation was not affected by testosterone, and inc

125 The initial transient component of pupil dilation was qualitatively similar to that evoked

126 After pupil dilation with 1 % tropicamide and 10 % phenylephri

127 After pupil dilation with 2.5% phenylephrine and 1% tropicamid

128 ociations of the change in iris volume after pupil dilation with underlying iris surface features in

129 primate frontal eye fields can induce robust pupil dilation without saccades.

130 Skin conductance, pupil dilation, and anterior insula responses to cued pa

131 Here we focused on arousal, measured through pupil dilation, as a candidate timing signal.

132 detection task was employed to test whether pupil dilation, generally associated with successful tar

133 faster reaction times corresponded to larger pupil dilation, suggesting that also the latter can be a

134 After pupil dilation, the patients underwent smartphone ophtha

135 ed optimization of input across saccades and pupil dilation, the primate auditory system has fewer me

136 athways by which FEF stimulation could cause pupil dilation, the timing and profile of dilation close

137 ical biometry measurements, before and after pupil dilation, were obtained using the IOLMaster on 318

138 ignificantly thinner and lost more volume on pupil dilation.

139 ts and their quality score are influenced by pupil dilation.

140 herence tomography (SD-OCT) before and after pupil dilation.

141 effort exerted in trial t on trial t+1, and pupil dilation.

142 try (Haag-Streit, Konig, Switzerland) before pupil dilation.

143 3) report on their last eye examination with pupil dilation; and (4) prevalence of visual impairment.

144 his was linked to reduced sensitivity of the pupil dilatory response to volatility, potentially indic

145 h enrolled a random sample of 298 080 school pupils drawn from 564 886 National Pupil Database record

146 ntional and Hole ICLs for any ICL powers and pupils evaluated (P > .05).

147 f adherence at baseline (eg, ocular history, pupil examination, and central corneal thickness measure

148 thermore, the degree to which trial-by-trial pupil fluctuations encoded this nonlinear interaction co

149 s is design of teaching/learning that equips pupils for learning in future environments unknown to th

150 Serum samples of 501 nonselected pupils from Salzburg, Austria, were tested in ImmunoCAP

151 ents under conditions that separately assess pupil function driven by different photoreceptor classes

152 nstruments and analytic approaches to assess pupil function may improve the performance of pupil scre

153 uromodulatory role in the control of lens or pupil function.

154 apture the PSF shape, such as those based on pupil functions, can be computationally expensive.

155 transient constriction of the pupil, termed "pupil grating response." The existence of pupil grating

156 d "pupil grating response." The existence of pupil grating responses for stimuli presented within the

157 sed nurseries, and 426 (4.5%) and 447 (4.4%) pupils had food allergies, 61 (0.6%) and 61 (0.6%) had a

158 We found that pupil hazard rates predicted the classification of sub-s

159 Pupil images were concurrently recorded using continuous

160 to get near 100% of reported cases over the pupil implantation.

161 a wing in a hummingbird, the dilation of the pupil in a human eye, or the maintenance of posture in a

162 lex (PLR): the automatic constriction of the pupil in response to luminance increments.

163 their song structure when directing songs at pupils in a manner that resembled how humans alter their

164 , and one of active locomotion and a dilated pupil, indicative of heightened attention.

165 The pupil is known to reflect a range of psychological and p

166 reflex by the PFC.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The pupil light reflex (PLR) is our brain's first and most f

167 canonical example of a central reflex is the pupil light reflex (PLR): the automatic constriction of

168 A decrease in the pupil light reflex was not observed chronically followin

169 Restoration of the pupil light reflex, behavioral light avoidance, and the

170 oherence tomography (OCT), and the chromatic pupil light reflex.

171 h the report of the decision, an increase in pupil-linked arousal, fixational eye movements, and fluc

172 Further, changes in pupil-linked arousal, fixational eye movements, or gamma

173 Using fMRI, we showed that the pupil-linked bias reduction was (i) accompanied by a mod

174 ing, and may point to a relationship between pupil-linked neuromodulation and behavioral variability.

175 It has been proposed that pupil-linked neuromodulatory systems are activated by th

176 gulates conflict, in part, via modulation of pupil-linked processes such as arousal.

177 frontal cortex and (ii) predicted by phasic, pupil-linked responses of a number of neuromodulatory br

178 sian noise, Poisson noise, speckle noise and pupil location error, which would largely degrade the re

179 the neuropeptide PACAP, which provide stable pupil maintenance across the day.

180 taneous hyphaema or with mild intraoperative pupil margin haemorrhage during anterior segment surgery

181 SEYLE sample consisted of 11,110 adolescent pupils, median age 15 years (IQR 14-15), recruited from

182 We also investigate the relationship between pupil metrics derived from this novel task and quantitat

183 We show that pupil metrics of constriction and dilation are distinct

184 et simple, paradigm can result in meaningful pupil metrics that correlate with individual differences

185 Saccadic velocity and pupil modulation by reward were used as objective metric

186 on reaching its peak (midfilament) near the pupil (n = 3) or midzonal iris (n = 1), before returning

187 of these compounds in live mice through the pupil of the eye.

188 on, 0.001 EY; ocular hypertension, 0.008 EY; pupil ovalization, 0.020 EY; uveitis, 0.001 EY; and reti

189 1 had a higher proportion of poorly reactive pupils (P < 0.001) and abnormal ocular movements (P = 0.

190 by both the nature and amount of tutor song: Pupils paid more attention to songs that tutors directed

191 g photon catch, either optically, with large pupils, photoreceptors, and ever larger eyes [2], or neu

192 spectrum disorder (ASD), some work has used pupil physiology to successfully classify patients with

193 The required illuminations at the pupil plane of a 4Pi focusing configuration for the crea

194 required incident field distribution at the pupil plane to create the multi-segmented optical needle

195 adjusting for age, pseudoexfoliation, small pupil, prior ocular surgery, and anterior chamber depth,

196 Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, age, and pupil reactivity.

197 ual behaviors are known in this species--the pupil reflex [3], phototaxis [4], the optomotor response

198 e nonimage-forming visual responses, such as pupil reflexes and circadian entrainment.

199 steady-state amplitude of melanopsin-driven pupil reflexes in both mice and rats.

200 itive ganglion cells using post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) to blue light from 10 to 30 second

201 n each eye; and (3) calculating the absolute pupil response of each individual eye.

202 structed to assess the diagnostic ability of pupil response parameters to white, red, green, yellow,

203 Assessment of the pupil response to light demonstrated decreased maximum p

204 Importantly, the evoked pupil response was modulated by contrast-based saliency,

205 ther, the results suggest that the transient pupil response, as one component of orienting, is modula

206 We tracked pupil responses (a proxy of phasic arousal) during senso

207 We show that transient and sustained pupil responses are mediated by distinct photoreceptors

208 Our findings demonstrate that blindfield pupil responses are similar to those for the sighted fie

209 The pupil responses elicited by audiovisual stimuli were wel

210 trast-based saliency, with faster and larger pupil responses following the presentation of more salie

211 Large pupil responses generally predicted a reduction in decis

212 In addition, in 13 cases we determined the pupil responses in a sighted field location that matched

213 ice technique and obtained the corresponding pupil responses in the blindfield of 19 hemianopic patie

214 This ensured that pupil responses reflected endogenous arousal fluctuation

215 Pupil responses to red and blue light (peak, 485 and 625

216 Pupil responses were binned according to "Longer/Shorter

217 Pupil responses were compared among the subjects groups

218 We observed no dissociation in pupil responses when timing equivalent neutral spatial d

219 To examine salience-evoked pupil responses, we presented visual, auditory, or audio

220 raction, which was also supported by reduced pupil responses.

221 nd, and auditory stimuli also evoked similar pupil responses.

222 predictors at admission were acquired (age, pupil responsiveness, admission Glasgow Coma Scale, gluc

223 Here, we present pupil results that run contrary to this proposal, sugges

224 In Parkinson's diease, pupil reward sensitivity was greater in patients on medi

225 sms seem to be at work in the control of the pupil's response to light.

226 upil function may improve the performance of pupil screening.

227 intensity or phase of light rays at multiple pupil segments in parallel to determine the sample-induc

228 mined automatically: percentage of change of pupil size (PPC), maximum contraction velocity (MCV; in

229 ponses and are tightly coupled to changes in pupil size across species.

230 neural basis of pupil control by monitoring pupil size across time while manipulating each photorece

231 l provided for optimal baseline stability of pupil size and appropriate eye positioning.

232 Pupil size and near visual acuity returned to pre-atropi

233 central neuromodulatory systems controlling pupil size are continuously engaged during decision form

234 s of gaze and attention, saliency effects on pupil size are less understood.

235 These decision-related changes in pupil size are mediated by central neuromodulatory syste

236 Pupil size correlated with the subjects' performance and

237 Our results suggest that pupil size could serve as a biomarker in ADHD.

238 We monitored pupil size from ADHD and control subjects, during a visu

239 eness was expressed as the percent change in pupil size from pre- to post-light exposure.

240 ence interferometry), target refraction, and pupil size had been entered.

241 TREATMENT PRODUCED SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN PUPIL SIZE IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS (MEAN REDUCTION IN PUPIL

242 en source video analysis software to measure pupil size in pixel units.

243 Rapid and stable control of pupil size in response to light is critical for vision,

244 bout environmental conditions were linked to pupil size in the ASD group, thus suggesting heightened

245 A number of studies have shown that pupil size increases transiently during effortful decisi

246 restraint alone, spontaneous fluctuations in pupil size occurred independent of light stimulation, an

247 peak of pupil contraction reached an average pupil size of 3.25 +/- 0.61 mm (range, 2.38-4.44 mm).

248 Pupil size of 4 mm was used for the aberration measureme

249 hamber depth, central corneal thickness, and pupil size of 40 migraine patients during acute migraine

250 Measurements of infants' pupil size over time indicated that this resulted from i

251 idine tartrate ophthalmic solution to induce pupil size reduction.

252 As hypothesized, striatal activity and pupil size reflected task-conditional salience of old an

253 alation restraint provided a steady baseline pupil size throughout PLR assessment and allowed for sta

254 We used the optokinetic nystagmus and pupil size to objectively and continuously map perceptua

255 Pupil size was measured continuously.

256 We measured pupil size while subjects formed protracted decisions ab

257 We measured pupil size, a highly sensitive index of arousal, while h

258 lent (SE), axial length (AL), visual acuity, pupil size, and accommodation were assessed.

259 lood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, pupil size, plasma cortisol, prolactin, oxytocin, and ep

260 d eyes is relatively independent of entrance pupil size, presumably due to extrapupillary transmissio

261 evidence accumulation: Periods of increased pupil size, reflecting heightened arousal, were characte

262 Through pupil size, we provide evidence of an involvement of the

263 Unlike pupil size, which depends on the interaction of multiple

264 sing marker of cognitive states in humans is pupil size, which reflects the activity of an 'arousal'

265 lict signals predicted subsequent changes in pupil size-a peripheral index of arousal linked to norad

266 closely matches moment-to-moment changes in pupil size.

267 (ipRGCs), a critical relay in the control of pupil size.

268 er, presence of corneal arcus, and change in pupil size.

269 f pupillary response, regardless of baseline pupil size.

270 , and these signals predicted adjustments in pupil size.

271 and attention, and also transient changes in pupil size.

272 SIZE IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS (MEAN REDUCTION IN PUPIL SIZE: 1.78 +/- 0.35 mm, P < 0.05).

273 d later with diplopia, ptosis, 6th nerve and pupil-sparing partial 3rd nerve palsies as well as progr

274 s (stage 3), and a broad membrane within the pupil (stage 4).

275 For increasing light intensity, the treated pupil started to show reduced pupil contractions compare

276 At 5 mm pupil, statistically significant differences in Strehl r

277 ons, whereas longer-lasting dilations of the pupil, such as during locomotion, are accompanied by sus

278 ux result in a transient constriction of the pupil, termed "pupil grating response." The existence of

279 With refinement, pupil testing may provide a simple approach for glaucoma

280 ral information, especially through nonaxial pupils that are characteristic of coleoid cephalopods.

281 d in a seemingly paradoxical dilation of the pupil to greater S-cone photon capture.

282 , in contrast to a band-pass response of the pupil to L- and M-cone signals.

283 We measured the response of the human pupil to the separate stimulation of the cones and melan

284 assigned to interventions (40 schools [2692 pupils] to QPR, 45 [2721] YAM, 43 [2764] ProfScreen, and

285 ooth pursuit eye movements using an infrared pupil-tracking system.

286 mosaic fundus photographs through a dilated pupil using a digital fundus camera.

287 through fundus images taken through dilated pupils using a 45 degrees digital camera and grading for

288 using a digital camera through dark-adapted pupils using a standard protocol and the same equipment

289 rements were performed after dilation of the pupils, using the same Pentacam HR device.

290 logical processes linking cortical state and pupil variations are largely unknown.

291 Linear systems analysis revealed that the pupil was significantly driven by a sustained input thro

292 mean square value of total aberrations (5 mm pupil) was higher in monofocal IOL with PRK eyes (toric

293 In all, in 2013 and 2014, 9,567 and 10,069 pupils were included in licensed nurseries, and 426 (4.5

294 of consciousness] and at least one reactive pupil) were randomly assigned to receive progesterone or

295 2009, and Dec 14, 2010, 168 schools (11,110 pupils) were randomly assigned to interventions (40 scho

296 higher-order aberrations (HOAs) over a 6 mm pupil, were assessed before and 6 months, postoperativel

297 ns compared with the contralateral untreated pupil when the peak of pupil contraction reached an aver

298 95% confidence interval, 3.90-5.16) in those pupils with caries in their primary dentition than in th

299 Analysis included all pupils with data available at each timepoint, excluding

300 guidance forms) for understanding details of pupils with food allergies.