ライフサイエンスコーパス: purifying selection

1 e-onset effects are kept at low frequency by purifying selection.

2 and toward genetic drift with relaxation of purifying selection.

3 number of selected sites and the strength of purifying selection.

4 that duplicated homoeologous genes are under purifying selection.

5 ases but will nevertheless become subject to purifying selection.

6 est failed to detect a significant signal of purifying selection.

7 tations, we show that prfA and hly are under purifying selection.

8 frequent variants display distinct signs of purifying selection.

9 ify tissue-specific enhancers evolving under purifying selection.

10 ive genomics to distinguish the signature of purifying selection.

11 es from Mycobacterium tuberculosis are under purifying selection.

12 he seed DEFLs, which predominantly exhibited purifying selection.

13 neofunctionalized genes experience enhanced purifying selection.

14 ed orthologous genes were under more relaxed purifying selection.

15 intragenomic variability coupled with strong purifying selection.

16 ence, may have preceded the current phase of purifying selection.

17 tion of new mutations that are eliminated by purifying selection.

18 show that Pf12 is highly conserved and under purifying selection.

19 nable to distinguish between stabilizing and purifying selection.

20 subject to stabilizing selection rather than purifying selection.

21 interpreted this as due to lineage-specific purifying selection.

22 at, as a whole, TRAF3IP2 has been subject to purifying selection.

23 g regions, hence, bearing the signatures for purifying selection.

24 human diversity, suggesting lineage-specific purifying selection.

25 ssion changes appear to be purged rapidly by purifying selection.

26 ndergone reverse transcription and are under purifying selection.

27 essed genes and in those undergoing stronger purifying selection.

28 ndicated that Mc1r sequence was likely under purifying selection.

29 ecent accelerated population growth and weak purifying selection.

30 sulted in decreased nef diversity and strong purifying selection.

31 ecificity and regiospecificity and are under purifying selection.

32 ations are deleterious and are eliminated by purifying selection.

33 cestral genes to strict conservation through purifying selection.

34 genomes, de novo sequence manufacturing, and purifying selection.

35 with lower frequency, in gene families under purifying selection.

36 occur in syntenic regions, and evolve under purifying selection.

37 ubpopulation in these two patients was under purifying selection.

38 f synonymous mutations are subject to strong purifying selection.

39 es that most genes on the dot are under weak purifying selection.

40 nerated intersubtype recombinants to undergo purifying selection.

41 has consistently been constrained by strong purifying selection.

42 cies, while K(a)/K(s) ratios revealed strong purifying selection.

43 hort time scale, and are subject to stronger purifying selection.

44 s, many plant Psis experienced much stronger purifying selection.

45 strong positive selection and relaxation of purifying selection.

46 re independent genome segregation, improving purifying selection.

47 o mating types are under different levels of purifying selection.

48 on transport, resulting in a host-beneficial purifying selection.

49 l start codon that is actively maintained by purifying selection.

50 host evolutionary dynamics were dominated by purifying selection.

51 sed diversity is unlikely to reflect relaxed purifying selection.

52 xpressed genes carried signatures of relaxed purifying selection.

53 e CNVs in natural populations are removed by purifying selection.

54 -methylated genes that have undergone strong purifying selection.

55 mutations are purged from the population by purifying selection.

56 tively little is known about epistasis under purifying selection.

57 ity with their targets is maintained through purifying selection.

58 ed for hundreds of millions of years through purifying selection.

59 ir targets have been preserved in mammals by purifying selection.

60 opulation are consistent with the effects of purifying selection.

61 gh benefits), plasmids should decline due to purifying selection [4-6], yet under mutualism (benefits

62 This ratio, which reflects the action of purifying selection across the entire genome, shows a st

63 There was evidence of positive and purifying selection across the genome, but little balanc

64 he ND2 and ND5 genes against a background of purifying selection across the mitogenome.

65 n DENV-2 populations, strongly suggestive of purifying selection across transmission events.

66 This relationship, which differs from purifying selection acting on each mimetic pattern, indi

67 or developmental regulators, consistent with purifying selection acting on expression phenotype of pa

68 o that of oncogenes, consistent with relaxed purifying selection acting on the former.

69 These findings are consistent with strong purifying selection acting on these epitopes, implying t

70 We find varying signatures of purifying selection acting on these overlaps, raising th

71 dinary variation, however, is a signature of purifying selection, acting to preserve important struct

72 lated bacterial and archaeal genomes reveals purifying selection affecting AUG codons.

73 ally much weaker than the median strength of purifying selection affecting genes in the respective ge

74 flecting both positive selection and relaxed purifying selection after domestication.

75 are in fact very young, exhibit no signs of purifying selection against accumulating mutations, and

76 ; (iii) less variable gene loci evolve under purifying selection against copy number polymorphisms; (

77 A similar investigation of purifying selection against deleterious mutations was al

78 positive selection for adaptive variants and purifying selection against deleterious ones appear to b

79 than for germ-line cells, suggesting weaker purifying selection against somatic mutations.

80 fection and compartmentalization, and strong purifying selection all affect the distribution of genet

81 rated modelling of substitutions, indels and purifying selection allows a pairwise analysis to exhibi

82 mor is lost through negative selection, with purifying selection almost absent outside homozygous los

83 t be due to differences in the efficiency of purifying selection, an additional pulse of introgressio

84 is-regulatory variation (i) are under weaker purifying selection and (ii) undergo less frequent posit

85 ite analysis identified 13 codons undergoing purifying selection and 1 undergoing positive selection.

86 pified by consensus p63 binding motifs under purifying selection and are associated with genes involv

87 They are subject to strong purifying selection and associate with Argonautes, consi

88 n the human lineage, many of which are under purifying selection and associated with human cognitive

89 frequency increases, providing evidence that purifying selection and buffering have limited the delet

90 In addition, we find that purifying selection and concerted evolution have acted t

91 ustralian tammar wallaby), with evidence for purifying selection and conservation of a canonical immu

92 conserved among Tenrecidae, with evidence of purifying selection and conservation of fusogenic activi

93 east 25 million years ago, with evidence for purifying selection and conservation of fusogenic activi

94 Carnivora representatives, with evidence for purifying selection and conservation of fusogenic activi

95 tives of higher ruminants, with evidence for purifying selection and conservation of its fusogenic pr

96 analyses showed that the virus is undergoing purifying selection and demonstrated a recent exponentia

97 combination rates, reflecting the effects of purifying selection and ectopic recombination removing E

98 hat young proteins tend to experience weaker purifying selection and evolve more quickly than old pro

99 uate if these genes are under the effects of purifying selection and how that selection compares with

100 often than expected, consistent with reduced purifying selection and incipient pseudogenisation.

101 better understanding of the joint effects of purifying selection and population structure, we focus o

102 Overall, the results show that both purifying selection and positive selection on nonsynonym

103 e under combined effects of strongly relaxed purifying selection and positive selection, followed by

104 , extracellular domain that is maintained by purifying selection and that contains four conserved reg

105 g a full-length protein in all simians under purifying selection and with similar shedding capacity.

106 condary structures are a robust indicator of purifying selection and, consequently, molecular functio

107 standard models, even with moderately strong purifying selection, and (2) rates of evolution under pu

108 tutions indicated that these genes are under purifying selection, and bioinformatic prediction of con

109 least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements cov

110 of Pack-MULEs are expressed and subjected to purifying selection, and some are associated with small

111 ry variation in C. grandiflora is under weak purifying selection, and that gene-specific functional c

112 frequencies, suggesting that they are under purifying selection, and that SVScore identifies deleter

113 expression levels tend to be under stronger purifying selection, and the actual regions of TF-bindin

114 ocesses such as genetic drift, balancing and purifying selection, and the effects of selection on lin

115 are transient, continuously being removed by purifying selection, and the genome of Paratyphi A has n

116 etely additive, the mutations that fix under purifying selection are enriched for epistasis.

117 Importantly, such patterns of purifying selection are observed not only on accessory r

118 Conversely, substitutions under purifying selection are subsequently entrenched by epist

119 concatenated protein-coding genes suggested purifying selection as driving force for shaping mitogen

120 tiple lines of evidence, we rule out relaxed purifying selection as the cause of uneven nucleotide di

121 Distal bound regions are under purifying selection as well and are enriched for a chrom

122 nce hypothesis and showed evidence of strong purifying selection as well as enrichment in gene catego

123 es, HLA haplotype diversity patterns suggest purifying selection, as certain HLA allele combinations

124 ee-dimensional genomic architecture and that purifying selection, as well as positive selection, infl

125 We conclude that there is a strong signal of purifying selection at conserved genomic positions withi

126 loci and assessed evidence for adaptive and purifying selection at nonsynonymous sites.

127 metric inheritance maintains the efficacy of purifying selection at the level of the cell, the absenc

128 ific GR binding sites, but clear evidence of purifying selection at the small number of conserved sit

129 le mammalian HSPA2 is constrained by intense purifying selection, avian HSPA2 has been subjected to p

130 At mutation-(purifying) selection balance (MSB) in a large population

131 nd most of these appear to become subject to purifying selection because few persist between separate

132 ides in the human genome that are subject to purifying selection because of their biological function

133 ombination, but it would also compromise the purifying selection benefits of uniparental inheritance.

134 the latter, indicating shifted densities of purifying selection between the two genomes.

135 sidues of these proteins are typically under purifying selection but have, in alpha-proteobacteria, u

136 Most genes are under purifying selection, but disruptive selection was inferr

137 consistent with specieswide MSB and uniform purifying selection, but genetic draft (hitchhiking) is

138 ene is maintained in eukaryotes under strong purifying selection, but is uniquely missing in two majo

139 s are unstable and likely to be lost through purifying selection, but when alternative hosts are avai

140 ctuate rapidly, variation in the strength of purifying selection can explain evolutionary rate variat

141 Yet in finite asexual populations, purifying selection cannot completely prevent the accumu

142 as2 genes that typically evolve at levels of purifying selection close to the genomic median.

143 r young MIRNA genes, consistent with reduced purifying selection compared with deeply conserved MIRNA

144 lignment of the ant genomes revealed reduced purifying selection compared with Drosophila without sig

145 reduced diversity and significantly weakened purifying selection compared with the rest of the genome

146 urther show that TGFs have undergone relaxed purifying selection, consistent with their being pseudog

147 is, which is well adapted to the human host, purifying selection constrains the evolutionary trajecto

148 In a different pairing, opposing selfish and purifying selection counterbalanced to give stable trans

149 However, under strong purifying selection, drug resistance usually occurs in t

150 to African Americans, consistent with weaker purifying selection due to the Out-of-Africa dispersal.

151 enes, and these insertions may be subject to purifying selection due to this effect.

152 oci underlying this disease are under severe purifying selection during evolution; thus, rare variant

153 it can be shown that it has been subject to purifying selection during its evolution.

154 may be explained by the occurrence of strong purifying selection during the haploid phase of the life

155 Although purifying selection eliminates many mutations, some pers

156 uence evolution suggests the hypothesis that purifying selection favoring conservation of ancestral r

157 subfunctionalization of duplicate pairs and purifying selection favoring retention of genes encoding

158 Haplotype diversity is most consistent with purifying selection for HLA Class I haplotypes (HLA-A, -

159 n-selection balance, we estimate significant purifying selection for large (>500 kb) events at the ge

160 sion and nerve-growth genes, consistent with purifying selection for recently evolved functions.

161 howed a lower level of diversity, reflecting purifying selection for the wild-type genome.

162 that showed the strongest signatures of weak purifying selection from among 53 candidate asthma-assoc

163 We found that purifying selection has constrained mutation within the

164 nonymous to synonymous variants suggest that purifying selection has had stronger effects in rhesus m

165 utrality (P = 4.0 x 10(-9)), indicating that purifying selection has maintained the basic structure o

166 Together, these findings suggest that purifying selection has significantly distorted human ge

167 Despite such expansion, purifying selection has strongly shaped the evolution of

168 because of rapid population growth and weak purifying selection, human populations harbor an abundan

169 supposed spurious binding sites could escape purifying selection if (A) they simply occur in regions

170 Finding a signature of purifying selection in a gene is usually interpreted as

171 We show that relaxed purifying selection in all plastid genes is linked to ob

172 y analyses showed that both genes were under purifying selection in bats and mole-rats.

173 ct residues of their ZF domains, followed by purifying selection in both duplicates.

174 iR81(-) binding site, providing evidence for purifying selection in contrast to monocots.

175 ck thereof) for variation in the efficacy of purifying selection in diverse human genomes.

176 ing protein-coding genes are typically under purifying selection in full MHs.

177 synonymous variant supported the presence of purifying selection in Koreans.

178 daptive genome streamlining caused by strong purifying selection in large microbial populations.

179 les, however, show evidence of much stronger purifying selection in maize, reflecting the much larger

180 leneck led to a decline in the efficiency of purifying selection in maize.

181 intragenomic variability coupled with strong purifying selection in microsporidian rRNA sequences sup

182 d from the most recent WGD (alpha) are under purifying selection in modern Arabidopsis populations.

183 Strongly up-regulated genes showed signs of purifying selection in non-coding regions, indicating th

184 d with allelic specificity determination and purifying selection in previously characterized conserve

185 These findings imply a strong pressure of purifying selection in protein evolution, which in the c

186 We trace the increasing impact of purifying selection in suppressing the accumulation of n

187 n evolution revealed a significant effect of purifying selection in the concatenated protein-coding g

188 We demonstrate relaxation of purifying selection in the isolates, leading to enrichme

189 Paradoxically, the efficiency of purifying selection in the malaria life cycle is also gr

190 Recent studies have demonstrated strong purifying selection in the mouse female germline.

191 netic drift, positive selection, and relaxed purifying selection in the process of gene degeneration

192 ening non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) show strong purifying selection in their genomic loci, exonic sequen

193 Comparative genomics reveal a strong purifying selection in UCYN-A1 and UCYN-A2 with a divers

194 lpha4 and beta2 nicotinic subunits are under purifying selection in vertebrates, consistent with the

195 is bimodal and dependent on the strength of purifying selection in vivo, a result that derives from

196 nonsynonymous mutations, suggesting stronger purifying selection in Von Damm relative to Piccard.

197 a mutations, which result from relaxation of purifying selection, in residues structurally mapped aft

198 anthionine synthetase evolves under a strong purifying selection, indicating that the diversification

199 table to genetic recombination, abundance of purifying selection, insignificant positive selection an

200 r resequencing on the basis of signatures of purifying selection is an efficient means of identifying

201 ns than in Europeans is due to the fact that purifying selection is less effective at removing weakly

202 of complexity in small populations and that purifying selection is not powerful enough to prevent th

203 ans, and in contrast to humans, we find that purifying selection is stronger on the X chromosome than

204 Our results show that although purifying selection is the dominant selective force acti

205 Purifying selection is thought to purge TE insertions fr

206 ent drug pressure bears a clear signature of purifying selection leading to apparent genetic stabilit

207 ing biases direct initial accumulation, then purifying selection leads to loss of proviruses disrupti

208 hormone biosynthesis kept some of them under purifying selection, limiting duplication and sub/neofun

209 idues across GPCRs experience strong to weak purifying selection, many GPCRs experience positive sele

210 selection, and (2) rates of evolution under purifying selection may be close to, or even exceed, neu

211 opinion offers a very different hypothesis: purifying selection may be due to removing harmful mutat

212 standing variation during periods of relaxed purifying selection may have been important in facilitat

213 Instead, genes evolving under relaxed purifying selection may more readily adopt new forms of

214 els have suggested that even relatively weak purifying selection may produce significant distortions

215 cause, multiple lines of evidence support a purifying selection model above a mutational bias explan

216 ion rate, clusters of genes dominantly under purifying selection (more commonly homozygous) and under

217 hisms in two categories generally subject to purifying selection: nonsynonymous sites and RNA-encodin

218 We found that purifying selection occurred within individual patients,

219 spite this large amount of diversity, strong purifying selection of polymorphisms located in the Bacu

220 Purifying selection often results in conservation of gen

221 n years old), only three showed evidence for purifying selection (omega </= 0.14).

222 eles suggest a postduplication relaxation of purifying selection on bank vole HBA-T3.

223 n than insertion mutation rates and stronger purifying selection on deletions.

224 nce of which was supported by a signature of purifying selection on DNA sequences of these TEs.

225 that domestication leads to a relaxation of purifying selection on mitochondrial (mt) genomes was te

226 cking, suggesting that its loss released the purifying selection on MR1.

227 and echolocating cetaceans, contrasting with purifying selection on non-echolocating bats.

228 is detailed analysis detected signatures for purifying selection on regulatory elements as well as co

229 es of intergenic lncRNAs: one showing strong purifying selection on RNA sequence and another where co

230 ong some sequence lineages, and positive and purifying selection on specific codons, supporting its f

231 However, purifying selection on start codons is significantly wea

232 ene sequence comparisons reveals very strong purifying selection on the a1 pheromone peptide and corr

233 rresponding receptor, but significantly less purifying selection on the a2 pheromone peptide that cor

234 Once this specialization occurs, purifying selection on the molecular basis of other phen

235 We here confirm a modest effect of purifying selection on the mtDNA coding region and propo

236 er activity and we cannot detect evidence of purifying selection on the resulting enhancer RNAs withi

237 We found signature of purifying selection only in highly divergent sequences,

238 These results suggest that purifying selection operates on promoter sequences.

239 We find that the strength of purifying selection operating over all intergenic sites

240 ation as a whole also revealed the action of purifying selection or population expansion, whereas IYS

241 ions with higher effects showed evidence for purifying selection, or co-localized with known liver-as

242 lted in different levels of effectiveness of purifying selection, perhaps as an effect of local genom

243 showed that, over short evolutionary times, purifying selection predominated on the domain common to

244 Purifying selection predominates in functionally transfe

245 ost dispersal and associated exchanges, with purifying selection pressure as the principal evolutiona

246 pressure driven by the immune response, and purifying selection pressure asserted by deleterious mut

247 Fittingly, the purifying selection pressure is markedly relaxed in thes

248 Our results imply that, even under purifying selection, protein sequence evolution is often

249 Imprinted genes themselves have undergone purifying selection, providing a framework of stability

250 adaptive consequence of evolution under weak purifying selection rather than an adaptation.

251 es, such CGIs were found to be under greater purifying selection relative to CGIs upstream of silence

252 enriched for disease genes and under strong purifying selection relative to human orthologs of mouse

253 es of various selection pressures, including purifying selection, relaxed functional constraints, and

254 Strikingly, a clear signal of purifying selection remains even when all these major ca

255 All seven Cen8 genes have undergone purifying selection, representing a striking phenomenon

256 pond to regions under positive/balancing and purifying selection, respectively.

257 is generally attributed to the relaxation of purifying selection resulting from the strong demographi

258 hypothesis suggests that variation is under purifying selection, resulting in an excess of low-frequ

259 population genetics model that incorporates purifying selection, reversible mutations, and genetic d

260 lts suggest that brain-expressed exons under purifying selection should be prioritized in genotype-ph

261 Finding a signature of purifying selection should not automatically be consider

262 nal overlapping functions have evolved under purifying selection should show increased evolutionary c

263 Consistent with the expected effect of purifying selection, sites in long introns and 0-fold si

264 ter the HGT event, these genes evolved under purifying selection, strongly suggesting they play funct

265 Our principal finding is that purifying selection tends to eliminate those mutations i

266 hromosome relative to autosomes and stronger purifying selection than for the human X chromosome.

267 n though they are not under higher levels of purifying selection than non-HOT regions.

268 We also find much stronger purifying selection than observed in humans, and in cont

269 are typically shorter and experience weaker purifying selection than old proteins.

270 tracellular TLRs have evolved under stronger purifying selection than surface-expressed TLRs, for whi

271 ansposases, and might be less constrained by purifying selection than the large chromosomes.

272 find FMRP-associated genes are under greater purifying selection than the remainder of genes and sugg

273 y genes have globally evolved under stronger purifying selection than the remainder of protein-coding

274 s in more conserved genes are under stronger purifying selection than those in less conserved genes.

275 from a combination of the deletion bias and purifying selection that efficiently eliminates nonfunct

276 he cas genes and show that they evolve under purifying selection that is typically much weaker than t

277 t the ultrahigh throughput to use an initial purifying selection that removes inactive mutants; we id

278 y to participate in T-dependent responses by purifying selection that selectively eliminates reactivi

279 ; however, if synonymous mutations are under purifying selection, this methodology leads to identific

280 ns to accumulate by lessening the effects of purifying selection through the elimination of among-lin

281 promoting adaptive functional innovation and purifying selection, thus curbing the concentration imba

282 y negatively selected denoting the action of purifying selection, thus rejecting the theory of neutra

283 rs of a heterogeneous mutant pool undergoing purifying selection to determine the contribution of eve

284 lators each exhibited similar intensities of purifying selection to their respective duplicates since

285 Because they are under purifying selection, variants in these elements may have

286 The role of purifying selection was assessed using a modified McDona

287 In both groups, purifying selection was the dominant force shaping HA ge

288 d embryonic genotype in conjunction with the purifying selection we uncovered suggests that embryogen

289 Whereas pinniped Ly49 has been subject to purifying selection, we find evidence for positive selec

290 ins seem to be subject to an unusual kind of purifying selection, where the amino acid content is con

291 se non-beneficial plasmids should be lost to purifying selection, whereas beneficial genes carried on

292 GA5 shows signatures of purifying selection, whereas GA5 loss-of-function allele

293 d in low copies across taxa and under strong purifying selection, which are likely to have essential

294 on of these genes has been shaped largely by purifying selection, which has been less effective in pr

295 s conserved in all species were under strong purifying selection while expanded orthologous genes wer

296 fatp6 in most of these populations was under purifying selection with an average d(N)/d(S) ratio of 0

297 revious suggestions, the scaled intensity of purifying selection with synergistic fitness effects is

298 both STS and CHS evolution are dominated by purifying selection, with no evidence for strong selecti

299 We find that most of the genome is under purifying selection, with only a few key genes evolving

300 avoid plant immune responses has resulted in purifying selection within biotrophic fungi.