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   1 P(ND) was 9% in D2-rich regions (caudate and putamen).                                               
     2 basal ganglia (P < 0.01 for both caudate and putamen).                                               
     3 l striatum) and with ex-smokers (caudate and putamen).                                               
     4 , caudate; 67 +/- 11%, thalamus; 52 +/- 11%, putamen).                                               
     5 howed reduced compensatory activation in the putamen.                                                
     6  through compensatory hyperactivation of the putamen.                                                
     7 ssing within the right caudate and posterior putamen.                                                
     8  0.25 in the temporal cortex and 1.92 in the putamen.                                                
     9 tal regions: caudate, nucleus accumbens, and putamen.                                                
    10 ol analysis of connectivity within the motor putamen.                                                
    11  positive effect on DAT binding in the right putamen.                                                
    12 n regions with the highest expression in the putamen.                                                
    13  in the right hippocampus to .84 in the left putamen.                                                
    14 ediated the lower connectivity in the dorsal putamen.                                                
    15 l premotor regions and the thalamus upon the putamen.                                                
    16 nd extensive outgrowth into the transplanted putamen.                                                
    17 d-forward connections from the cortex to the putamen.                                                
    18 cingulate zone in the medial wall and in the putamen.                                                
    19 tion of the coupling of TPJ with FEF and the putamen.                                                
    20 ared with the nonstimulated condition in the putamen.                                                
    21 ective of predictability, was reduced in the putamen.                                                
    22 entary motor area (preSMA) and the bilateral putamen.                                                
    23  of Meynert, and efferent projections to the putamen.                                                
    24 faster in a discrete subregion of the dorsal putamen.                                                
    25 ral region, cerebellum, thalamus, insula and putamen.                                                
    26 of altered mean volume of caudate nucleus or putamen.                                                
    27 in inclusion bearing oligodendrocytes in the putamen.                                                
    28 e related to lesions in and around the right putamen.                                                
    29 insight into the genetic architecture of the putamen.                                                
    30 ding total gray matter, cerebral cortex, and putamen.                                                
    31 motor area fibers (M1/LPMCv) curved over the putamen.                                                
    32  within the left and right lentiform nucleus/putamen.                                                
    33 lia structures, preferentially affecting the putamen.                                                
    34 lum in control subjects but different in the putamen.                                                
    35 ar decrease in striatal binding ratio in the putamen.                                                
    36  a less vulnerable structure compared to the putamen.                                                
    37 tex, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate, and putamen.                                                
    38 and increased ReHo in right caudate and left putamen.                                                
  
    40 eds, -0.79 [0.18] vs -0.08 [0.65]; P = .04), putamen (-0.55 [0.35] vs 0.50 [0.33]; P = .001), thalamu
    41 ntia nigra (2.0 x 10(11) vector genomes) and putamen (1.0 x 10(12) vector genomes) or sham surgery.  
    42 e caudate (2.54 +/- 0.79 vs. 3.68 +/- 0.56), putamen (1.39 +/- 1.04 vs. 4.41 +/- 0.54), ventral stria
    43 D and SBRHR were found in the caudate (0.6), putamen (1.7 and 1.4), ventral striatum (0.7), and SN (0
    44 reases of [(18)F]DOPA uptake in the anterior putamen, [(11)C]raclopride binding in the posterior stri
  
  
    47  opposite to the symptomatic side) posterior putamen (-81%), followed by the ipsilateral posterior pu
    48 low-calorie food images increased insula and putamen activation and reduced OFC activation compared w
  
  
    51 ht striatum (caudate) volume, left striatum (putamen) activation during cue reactivity, and lower fun
    52  potentiated caudate, nucleus accumbens, and putamen activations and increased caudate-amygdala and c
    53 functional connectivity between amygdala and putamen after stress, this increase in connectivity was 
  
    55 tional connectivity of the midbrain with the putamen, amygdala, and hippocampus (P < .05, whole brain
    56  did not show activation in the left ventral putamen and amygdala when anticipating rewards or in the
    57 r, dopamine synthesis capacity in the dorsal putamen and caudate head was positively correlated with 
  
  
    60 s of the primate dorsal striatum, within the putamen and caudate nucleus, signal the uncertainty of o
  
    62 significantly elevated GPC+PC levels in ACC, putamen and caudate of RC BD-I patients compared to heal
    63 increased for multiple system atrophy in the putamen and caudate, and increased for progressive supra
    64 mia alone in the thalamus, internal capsule, putamen and caudate, and there was reduced cleaved caspa
    65 y eliminates the DA terminals in the caudate-putamen and causes cell bodies in the midbrain to degene
  
    67 ATL hyperconnectivity with the right ventral putamen and claustrum and the temporoparietal junction. 
    68 wed that the SURs of the bilateral posterior putamen and contralateral anterior putamen had a sensiti
  
    70 ), dentate and caudate nucleus, red nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus by T2* MRI at baseline and a
    71 ugar, sugar caused greater activation in the putamen and gustatory regions than did fat, increasing s
    72 ers from controls in the caudate nucleus and putamen and higher D1-receptor density in the nucleus ac
    73  of potential rewards; reduced activation in putamen and insula during the anticipation of potential 
  
  
  
  
    78 effective connectivity between the posterior putamen and other areas of the motor circuit during tapp
    79 vailable imaging revealed that right ventral putamen and pallidum atrophy correlated with higher rewa
  
    81 ted by greater connectivity between the left putamen and paracingulate gyrus during reward anticipati
    82 ed compensatory hyperactivation of bilateral putamen and posterior insula, and machine learning algor
    83 idated the compensatory relationship between putamen and premotor cortex by showing, in the control s
    84  linear increase in connectivity between the putamen and primary motor cortex after levodopa intake d
    85 nt, patients had elevated fALFF in bilateral putamen and right caudate, and increased ReHo in right c
    86 ion of embryonic dopaminergic neurons in the putamen and subsequently exhibited major motor improveme
  
  
  
  
  
  
    93  reduced functional connectivity between the putamen and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in OCD pa
    94 h connectivity between sensorimotor areas of putamen and the reward-related ventromedial prefrontal c
  
    96 e transporter availability in ADHD (caudate, putamen and ventral striatum: +24%, p<0.01); whereas the
  
    98 h the DAT-rich striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) and the SERT-rich extrastriatal brain regions (
    99 n the caudate body, 17% higher in the dorsal putamen, and 17% higher in the ventral striatum in patho
  
  
  
  
  
  
   106 were detected in the dorsal caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus but the observed variation 
   107  and decreases in subregions of the caudate, putamen, and hippocampus in 22q-dup relative to 22q-del 
   108 arly between the left IFG and left pallidum, putamen, and insular cortex, is associated with reduced 
   109 nnectivity between the VTA and the habenula, putamen, and medial prefrontal cortex, whereas the SN ex
  
  
  
   113 cluding the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, putamen, and pallidum), as well as insular cortex, is as
   114 ecruitment of the prefrontal cortex, insula, putamen, and thalamus, which collectively forged the for
   115  three regions of interest (the caudate, the putamen, and the medial orbitofrontal cortex) were teste
   116 er variability of temporal cortex, thalamus, putamen, and third ventricle volumes, consistent with bi
   117 larly in the thalamus, caudate, pallidum and putamen, and this was most apparent in secondary progres
   118 ilability compared with nonsmokers (caudate, putamen, and ventral striatum) and with ex-smokers (caud
   119  transporter type 2 density for the caudate, putamen,and substantia nigra were 21.50%, 58.20%, and 21
   120 y load-dependent activation in the bilateral putamen, anterior-dorsal insula, supplementary motor are
   121 ese results suggest that the hippocampus and putamen are involved in binding together holistic event 
  
   123 e anterior and posterior insular cortex, the putamen, as well as subcortical white matter connections
   124  associated with greater iron content in the putamen at baseline, neither age nor metabolic risk infl
   125 m study shows that whole brain, cortical and putamen atrophy occurs throughout the 10-year follow-up 
   126 us type 2 (AAV2)-neurturin injected into the putamen bilaterally failed to meet its primary endpoint,
   127  deficit (65% or less of age-expected lowest putamen binding ratio) at baseline, 14 (67%) converted t
  
   129 er T1R (P = 0.01) in the globus pallidus and putamen but were not associated with whole-blood mangane
   130 CYP46A1 protein levels were decreased in the putamen, but not cerebral cortex samples, of post-mortem
   131  was significantly reduced in PD caudate and putamen by 53 and 55%, respectively; (3) the VMAT2 trans
   132 ft-derived dopaminergic reinnervation of the putamen can be maintained for a quarter of a century des
   133 ld correlation (MFC) in the globus pallidus, putamen, caudate nucleus, and thalamus for 22 patients w
   134 p by challenge effects were most profound in putamen, caudate, midbrain, thalamus, and cerebellum.   
   135 ed for progressive supranuclear palsy in the putamen, caudate, thalamus, and vermis, and decreased in
  
   137 gnificantly increased activation in the left putamen compared with TD patients and healthy controls. 
   138 d that neural signals in the hippocampus and putamen contained information about all of these event a
  
  
   141 terfering particles (DIPs), into the caudate-putamen (CP) and scored for an innate immune response an
  
  
   144 us accumbens (NAc), hippocampus, and caudate putamen (CPu) in morphine-induced conditioned place pref
   145  of NBQX (0, 0.3 mug/0.3 mul) in the caudate putamen (CPu) on CS responding in the non-alcohol contex
   146 ), caudate (d=-0.11), hippocampus (d=-0.11), putamen (d=-0.14), and intracranial volume (d=-0.10) wer
   147 3 vs -0.07), hippocampus (d=-0.12 vs -0.06), putamen (d=-0.18 vs -0.08), and intracranial volume (d=-
  
  
  
   151 tex, ventral striatum, parietal lobe, dorsal putamen, dorsal caudate, amygdala, and hippocampus.     
  
   153 r the caudate (F(2,90) = 8.2, p = 0.001) and putamen (F(2,90) = 6.6, p = 0.002), but not the ventral 
   154 ric change in the hippocampus, amygdala, and putamen from early to mid-adolescence was associated wit
   155 pallidus, cingulate cortex, insula, caudate, putamen, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and thalamus. 
  
   157 amen tCho/Cr and apnea hypopnea index; right putamen GABA/Cr and baseline SaO2; left putamen PE/Cr an
   158 individuals, showed that KCTD17 is part of a putamen gene network, which is significantly enriched fo
  
   160 ircuits-head of the caudate nucleus (hCaud), putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus-and four cortical reg
  
   162  revealed that reduction of FP-CIT uptake in putamen greater than 25% discriminated patients with DAT
   163 follows: cingulate cortex > insula > caudate/putamen > frontal cortex > temporal cortex > thalamus, c
   164 posterior putamen and contralateral anterior putamen had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100
  
  
   167 bitofrontal cortex, insula, globus pallidus, putamen, hippocampus, and amygdala) and homeostatic (hyp
   168 gdala, raphe nuclei region, caudate nucleus, putamen, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex of p
   169 T uptakes in the whole striatum, caudate and putamen in manifest and premanifest HDGECs compared with
   170 related with BPND in the caudate nucleus and putamen in nonsmokers and female smokers but not in male
   171  relief events, indicating a pivotal role of putamen in regulation of behaviour and habit formation i
  
   173 fied localized regions around the insula and putamen in the neonatal Jacobian map that were positivel
   174 ubjects, that lower connectivity through the putamen increased connectivity through premotor cortex. 
   175 ally in striatal regions in proximity to the putamen (increased fractional anisotropy, P = .01, false
  
  
   178 oup-by-age interactions were observed in the putamen, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex (indicating re
   179 sification, we show that the hippocampus and putamen integrate event attributes across all of these l
  
   181 um (DLS), corresponding roughly to the human putamen, led to tic-like stereotypies after either acute
   182 related hypoactivation was found in the left putamen, left inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis),
  
   184 increased grey matter in right insula, right putamen, left temporal pole, and bilateral thalamus) and
  
  
   187 umber of WM differences in the region of the putamen located between the inferior fronto-occipital fa
  
   189  positive emotions in the nucleus accumbens, putamen, medial prefrontal and midbrain in healthy volun
   190 d with methadone exhibited increased caudate/putamen metabolism, whereas buprenorphine produced incre
   191 range, showed increases in activation in the putamen, mid-insula, Rolandic operculum, and precuneus t
   192  of signal and noise correlation of pairs of putamen MSNs were strongly shifted toward positive corre
  
  
   195 e, and occipital lobe as well as caudate and putamen nuclei, after adjusting for age (P < 0.05).     
   196 he brain regions studied (thalamus, caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, and substan
   197  brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, and hypothalamus) 
   198 anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), caudate and putamen of 16 RC BD-I, 34 non-RC BD-I and 44 healthy con
  
   200 riptome by RNA sequencing in the caudate and putamen of nine TS and nine matched normal control subje
  
  
  
  
   205 n prefrontal cortical layers and the caudate-putamen of rhesus monkeys, trained in a spatial-versus-o
   206 y, we found higher CBF in the right pallidum/putamen of the cannabis users compared with nonusers.   
  
   208 t did not significantly decrease BPND in the putamen or the substantia nigra or in any region when me
   209 ability over the first year, and lower right putamen (OR=0.06, p=0.01) and mean total striatal (OR=0.
  
  
  
   213 11)C-IMA107 BPND in the caudate (P < 0.001), putamen (P < 0.001) and globus pallidus (P = 0.025) in p
  
   215 was linked to smaller caudate (P < .001) and putamen (P = .01) volumes (both corrected for total brai
   216 es were observed in the caudate (p = 0.1) or putamen (p = 0.8) following methylphenidate injection.  
   217 and psychostimulant-medicated ADHD patients (putamen, P = .006; caudate nucleus, P = .010; thalamus, 
   218 xes of brain iron than did control subjects (putamen, P = .012; caudate nucleus, P = .008; thalamus, 
   219 orter binding (all age ranges in caudate and putamen, p<0.0001) and (18)F-FDOPA uptake (in caudate: a
  
  
   222  surface-based shape metrics of the caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens in 53 depressed
   223 ortex, posterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, putamen, pallidum, caudate, hippocampus, and brain stem.
   224 volumes, but not to volumes of the thalamus, putamen, pallidum, nucleus accumbens, or caudate nucleus
   225 elevant for ADHD, including the hippocampus, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, midbrain with pons (compris
   226 ontrols, increased 18F-AV-1451 uptake in the putamen, pallidum, thalamus, midbrain, and in the dentat
   227 a developmental shift in bilateral posterior putamen/pallidum clusters from preferential connectivity
  
   229 ight putamen GABA/Cr and baseline SaO2; left putamen PE/Cr and baseline SaO2; and left putamen NAA/Cr
  
   231      The SURs of bilateral caudate, anterior putamen, posterior putamen, substantia nigra, and nucleu
  
   233 ventromedial prefrontal cortex, supported by putamen, provides an expected value-related input to the
   234  BPND in the caudate (r = -0.54; P = 0.011), putamen (r = -0.48; P = 0.022), and globus pallidus (r =
   235  BPND in the caudate (r = -0.65; P = 0.005), putamen (r = -0.51; P = 0.025), and globus pallidus (r =
  
  
   238 hesus macaque, AAV delivery of miHDS1 to the putamen reduced HTT expression with no adverse effects o
   239  the localized prefrontal layers and caudate-putamen region exhibited similar location preferences on
  
  
   242  dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral putamen, right caudate, and thalamus, whereas metacognit
  
   244 how that functional connectivity between the putamen (seed) and other subcortical structures was lowe
  
  
  
   248 lateral caudate, anterior putamen, posterior putamen, substantia nigra, and nucleus accumbens were si
   249 8) F-flortaucipir uptake in globus pallidus, putamen, subthalamic nucleus, midbrain, and dentate nucl
   250 -by-diagnosis interaction in the caudate and putamen supports the relevance of different brain develo
   251 and baseline oxygen saturation (SaO2); right putamen tCho/Cr and apnea hypopnea index; right putamen 
   252 u/Cr, and bilaterally decreased thalamic and putamen tCho/Cr and GABA/Cr occurred in OSAS vs healthy 
   253 udate nucleus, globus pallidus, hippocampus, putamen, thalamus, and brainstem) were derived from stru
   254 l orbitofrontal gyri, right anterior insula, putamen, thalamus, and caudate, and midbrain and pons.  
   255 in the raphe nuclei region, caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, and insula cortex (P < .05 corrected)
  
   257 ate, frontal cortex, hypothalamus, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, and ventral striatum) showed signific
   258 sula, cingulate, amygdala) and sub-cortical (putamen, thalamus, globus pallidus, cerebellum) regions.
  
   260 ne in the caudate nucleus and another in the putamen) that consisted of voxels with unique projection
  
   262 n in the bilateral insula extending into the putamen, the Rolandic operculum, and thalamus, which pro
   263 e in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and caudate-putamen through an indirect mechanism that involves stri
  
   265  an immediate hypersensitivity of preSMA and putamen to levodopa, which heralds the failure of neural
  
  
   268 f striato-cortical feedback connections from putamen to the pre-supplementary motor area (Pcorrected 
  
  
   271 preterm brain, regions around the insula and putamen using neonatal deformation-based morphometry, an
   272 ance images showed an absent or disappearing putamen, variable cerebellar atrophy and highly variable
  
  
   275 (95% CI 2.26-4.16), a reduction of one SD in putamen volume (imaging domain) increased risk by 3.32 t
  
   277 001), cortical (-3.4% vs -1.8%, p=0.009) and putamen volume changes (-10.6% vs -3.8%, p=0.003) compar
  
   279 men volume than bipolar I patients, and left putamen volume correlated positively with left ventral s
   280 s approach to the GWAS summary statistics of putamen volume in the ENIGMA cohort, a total of 15 indep
   281  the hippocampus and attenuated reduction in putamen volume over time were associated with the onset 
  
   283 r II patients had significantly greater left putamen volume than bipolar I patients, and left putamen
  
  
   286 ta = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.64) and smaller putamen volumes (beta = -1.16; 95% CI, -1.86 to -0.46) w
   287 rations in total gray matter and caudate and putamen volumes in unaffected siblings suggest that thes
   288 for thalamus, lateral ventricle, caudate and putamen volumes, and rightward asymmetry for amygdala an
   289 s were used, the average BPND in the caudate putamen was 0.94, and no significant changes in the test
  
   291 vity (e.g., thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, putamen) was associated positively with maternal mental 
  
   293 ienting responses in right FEF, TPJ, and the putamen were significantly modulated by precision-depend
  
   295  the left hippocampus, amygdala, and ventral putamen when receiving unexpected rewards (control condi
   296     The strongest effects were found for the putamen, where a novel intergenic locus with replicable 
   297 T-ir interneurons in the caudate nucleus and putamen, whereas monkeys have a more heterogeneous repre
   298  activation and apoptosis, including caudate/putamen, white matter, and, in juvenile-onset cases, als
  
   300 3) in the cerebellum to 3.71 mL/cm(3) in the putamen, with a BPND of 0.25 in the temporal cortex and 
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