ライフサイエンスコーパス: racemase

1 and equilibrium isotope effects for alanine racemase.

2 resence of an expressed and purified proline racemase.

3 i CBL (fold type I) is a promiscuous alanine racemase.

4 reated by conversion from L-serine by serine racemase.

5 isotope effect (KIE) methodology to alanine racemase.

6 or deprotonation of bound proline at proline racemase.

7 d for all of the ionizable groups in alanine racemase.

8 drogen bond network such as found in alanine racemase.

9 of L- to D-serine by a membrane-bound serine racemase.

10 acid dehydrogenase and the catabolic alanine racemase.

11 cofactor into LarA, an Ni-dependent lactate racemase.

12 rossing for proton-transfer steps in alanine racemase.

13 te-specific antigen and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase.

14 conversion of l-serine to d-serine by serine racemase.

15 , actin, and glutamine synthetase and serine racemase.

16 tain broad-spectrum inhibitors for glutamate racemases.

17 n homologue both encode DL-methylmalonyl-CoA racemases.

18 in the C-terminal domain, typical of alanine racemases.

19 igands to this class of cofactor-independent racemases.

20 s 7 bp downstream of dadX (catabolic alanine racemase; 26.55 min) and ends at a position in the K-12

21 The D-alanine racemase activities of wild-type and recombinant M. smeg

22 Glutamate racemase activity in Bacillus anthracis is of significan

23 bited by D-cycloserine, whereas host alanine racemase activity was almost totally inhibited (97%).

24 Serine racemase activity was also detected in membrane preparat

25 g the predicted transmembrane domain, serine racemase activity was detected in the cytoplasm.

26 verexpressed in Escherichia coli, and serine racemase activity was detected in the membrane but not i

27 fugation of sonicated cells, whereas alanine racemase activity was located almost exclusively in the

28 rosine racemase activity, but alpha-tyrosine racemase activity was not detected.

29 The serine racemase activity was partially (64%) inhibited by D-cyc

30 substrate specificity, exhibiting measurable racemase activity with 9 of the 19 chiral amino acids.

31 SgcC4 also exhibits a beta-tyrosine racemase activity, but alpha-tyrosine racemase activity

32 c that inhibits d-alanine ligase and alanine racemase activity.

33 ine residue that is known to be critical for racemase activity.

34 trocytic d-serine-synthesizing enzyme serine racemase after CCI injury improved synaptic plasticity,

35 B synthase has been proposed to operate as a racemase, aiding in the epimerization process that rever

36 between d-cycloserine and d-a-AT or alanine racemase (Ala-Rac) in that the thiophene ring of R-ADTA

37 P) linked as an internal aldimine in alanine racemase (AlaR), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), and

38 e racemization reaction catalyzed by alanine racemase (AlaR).

39 ocket, in the context of other known alanine racemases, allows us to propose the inclusion of conserv

40 The putative biosynthetic alanine racemase Alr showed broad substrate specificity, exhibit

41 f glutamine synthetase I (glnA1) and alanine racemase (alr) modestly increased the inhibitory efficac

42 fold type III, the Escherichia coli alanine racemase (ALR), is a promiscuous cystathionine beta-lyas

43 ns, one of which is a spore-specific alanine racemase (Alr).

44 PLP adduct forms on the biosynthetic alanine racemase, Alr, indicating the presence of 2-aminoacrylat

45 glutamate decarboxylase (gadA) and D-alanine racemase (alrA) genes was identified.

46 specificity to the anti-alpha-methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR) and prostate-specific antigen tests for

47 alpha-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) has previously been shown to be a highl

48 Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is a peroxisomal and mitochondrial enzy

49 Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is an enzyme involved in beta-oxidation

50 The enzyme alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is overexpressed in prostate, colon, an

51 The enzyme alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) plays an important role in peroxisomal

52 Human alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) was overexpressed in prostate cancer co

53 Alpha-methyacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), a mitochondrial and peroxisomal enzyme

54 assay (ELAA) targeting alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), an emerging prostate cancer biomarker.

55 state cancer biomarker, alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase (AMACR), and to determine the effectiveness of

56 dy, we describe a gene, alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), whose expression is consistently up-re

57 state cancer biomarker (alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase; AMACR) directly in patient urine without a sam

58 s produce differences in the active sites of racemases among the various species, which has important

59 ative and -positive bacteria, making alanine racemase an attractive target for antibacterials.

60 now report cloning and expression of serine racemase, an enzyme catalyzing the formation of D-serine

61 erine acts as a suicide inhibitor of alanine racemase and as such, serves as an antimicrobial agent.

62 peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes: alanine racemase and D-alanine:D-alanine ligase.

63 hereas a variant in SRR (that encodes serine racemase and is associated with schizophrenia) constitut

64 the Michaelis complex formed between alanine racemase and its amino acid substrate.

65 alysis of transamination, while both alanine racemase and O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase are expected t

66 a function beyond activation of the lactate racemase and possibly linked with other undiscovered nic

67 e other two proteins identified were alanine racemase and superoxide dismutase, both of which were re

68 rtate follow this trend, with both WT serine racemase and the S84N mutant being competitively inhibit

69 to that of Bacillus and Pseudomonas alanine racemases and includes both an alpha/beta-barrel at the

70 g homologs of alanine dehydrogenase, alanine racemase, and alanine permease.

71 The structures of enolase, mandelate racemase, and MLE were superimposed.

72 omponents of rat spinal nerve contain serine racemase, and western blot analysis detected the enzyme

73 f D-serine and it biosynthetic enzyme serine racemase approximate the distribution of NMDA receptors

74 Because amino acid racemases are thought to be restricted to bacteria and i

75 Alanine racemases are ubiquitous prokaryotic enzymes providing t

76 e of the complex between L-Ala-P and alanine racemase at 1.6 A resolution.

77 proline bound to the active site of proline racemase at pH 8 shows that the enzymatic rate accelerat

78 L-Ala-P is an effective inhibitor of alanine racemase because, upon formation of the external aldimin

79 conate-lactonizing enzymes, N-acylamino acid racemase, beta-methylaspartate ammonia-lyase, and o-succ

80 that of Bacillus stearothermophilus alanine racemase, but the rotation between domains differs by ab

81 erivative and potent inactivation of alanine racemase by this compound.

82 One of the enzymes is Alr, an alanine racemase capable of converting the spore germinant l-ala

83 Racemases catalyse the inversion of stereochemistry in b

84 The pyridoxal phosphate dependent alanine racemase catalyzes the interconversion of L- and D-alani

85 Alanine racemase catalyzes the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent int

86 In contrast, analysis of alanine racemase clearly refutes claims that global analysis of

87 tures of cofactor-independent epimerases and racemases, cocrystallized with substrates or substrate a

88 a proof of concept, we applied the D-alanine racemase complementation system to our Listeria cancer v

89 genase is specific for the L isomer, and the racemase converts the D isomer to the L isomer.

90 oding the regulator alanine transaminase and racemase coupled with SpuC, the major putrescine-pyruvat

91 Conversely, the putative catabolic alanine racemase DadX showed narrow substrate specificity, clear

92 o acid dehydrogenase DadA and the amino acid racemase DadX, is essential for D- and L-Ala catabolism,

93 The structure of the catabolic alanine racemase, DadX, from the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomona

94 is retained by complementation of D-alanine racemase-deficient mutant strains both in vitro and in v

95 Racemase-dependent production of D-alanine enhanced surv

96 ve identified and cloned mammalian aspartate racemase (DR), which converts L-aspartate to D-aspartate

97 to the recently reported mammalian aspartate racemase, DR, which is closely related to glutamate-oxal

98 Alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1) catalyzes the interconversion of a

99 l cell walls is fulfilled in part by alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-as

100 Mandelate racemase (EC 5.1.2.2) catalyzes the abstraction of a pro

101 Glutamate racemases (EC 5.1.1.3) catalyze the cofactor-independent

102 nd is 55% identical to the bivalve aspartate racemase, EC 5.1.1.13, and 41% identical to the mammalia

103 3, and 41% identical to the mammalian serine racemase, EC 5.1.1.18.

104 peptidoglycan, in contrast to the glutamate racemase employed by many other bacteria.

105 The lactate racemase enzyme (LarA) of Lactobacillus plantarum harbor

106 is straightforward with two distinct types (racemases/epimerases and cis-trans isomerases), but reac

107 broblasts, and both cell types showed serine racemase expression by immunofluorescence and Western bl

108 ate neuronal activity in the CNS, but serine racemase expression in the PNS has not been reported.

109 l gene resulted in strong down-regulation of racemase expression.

110 he finding of a novel 2-component amino acid racemase for D-to-L inversion in D-arginine metabolism o

111 esentative of the PLP-independent amino acid racemases, for which no structure has yet been determine

112 e pyridoxal phosphate-independent amino acid racemases, for which substantial evidence exists support

113 s highly homologous to a domain of aspartate racemase from a marine bacterium (Polaromonas sp.) but i

114 minase and the glr gene encoding a glutamate racemase from B. sphaericus ATCC 10208.

115 conversion of L- and D-alanine-d3 by alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus directly obser

116 Free energy profiles for alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus have been dete

117 The molecular structure of alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus was determined

118 The structure of alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus with the inhib

119 idoxal phosphate in the structure of alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus.

120 n the alignment of VanT with the Air alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus.

121 experimental study focuses on the glutamate racemase from Bacillus subtilis (RacE).

122 pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme alanine racemase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus are reporte

123 rize the structure and activity of allantoin racemase from Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpHpxA).

124 We report the crystal structure of alanine racemase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Alr(Mtb)) at 1

125 sly established for the homologous mandelate racemase from P. putida, also a member of the enolase su

126 omer, the catalysis of a promiscuous alanine racemase from Pseudomonas putida (KT2440) was coupled wi

127 A protein identified as "N-acylamino acid racemase" from Amycolaptosis sp. is an inefficient enzym

128 Alanine racemase further lowers the alpha-proton acidity and pro

129 metabolically specialized enzymes: mandelate racemase, galactonate dehydratase, glucarate dehydratase

130 l the synthesis of this compound, an alanine racemase gene (dal) and a D-amino acid aminotransferase

131 , we identify the human DL-methylmalonyl-CoA racemase gene by analyzing prokaryotic gene arrangements

132 his study thus identifies a new d-amino acid racemase gene family and advances our knowledge of plant

133 in expresses a copy of the Bacillus subtilis racemase gene under the control of a tightly regulated i

134 st bacteria, which harbor a single glutamate racemase gene, the genomic sequence of B. anthracis pred

135 s among pseudomonads with respect to alanine racemase genes that may point to different roles for the

136 Purified serine racemase has a molecular mass of 37 kDa and requires pyr

137 However, alanine racemase has a positively charged arginine held rigidly

138 This racemase has been localized to protoplasmic astrocytes t

139 netically modified mouse strains: the serine racemase homozygous knockout (SR-/-) and glycine transpo

140 mydiaceae do not appear to encode amino acid racemases however, a D-alanyl-D-alanine (D-Ala-D-Ala) li

141 sion to allantoate, which involves allantoin racemase (HpxA enzyme).

142 n of slow binding inhibitors of human serine racemase (hSR).

143 bout one-half of the burden borne by alanine racemase in catalysis of deprotonation of alanine.

144 xpressed in clear cell RCC, alpha methylacyl racemase in papillary RCC, carbonic anhydrase II in chro

145 Occurrence of serine racemase in the brain demonstrates the conservation of D

146 d-serine and its synthesizing enzyme, serine racemase, in the retinas of several vertebrate species,

147 inhibitor, we propose a mechanism of alanine racemase inactivation by cycloserine.

148 (13)C]alanine (in the presence of an alanine racemase inhibitor) reveal three different carbonyl carb

149 3)C]alanine, [(15)N]glycine, and the alanine racemase inhibitor, alaphosphin.

150 nine production, was prevented by an alanine racemase inhibitor, and required L-alanine.

151 ontaining (15)N d-Ala and beta-chloroalanine racemase inhibitor.

152 any endospore-forming bacteria embed alanine racemases into their spore coats, and these enzymes are

153 ine, and the discovery of a novel amino acid racemase involved in its biosynthesis.

154 We show that, unexpectedly, the racemase is a nickel-dependent enzyme with a novel alpha

155 Serine racemase is a protein representing an additional family

156 te for peptidoglycan biosynthesis, glutamate racemase is an attractive target for the design of antib

157 the enzymatic rate acceleration for proline racemase is ca. 10(13)-fold.

158 is specific for (S)-allantoin, an allantoin racemase is necessary for complete and efficient catabol

159 Lactate racemase is the first enzyme known to possess a metal pi

160 I is essential for growth and that glutamate racemase is the only source of D-glutamate for peptidogl

161 Although the C. difficile Alr2 racemase is the sixth most highly expressed gene during

162 means by which cycloserine inhibits alanine racemase is unknown.

163 ed, expressed and purified the two glutamate racemase isozymes, RacE1 and RacE2, from the B. anthraci

164 ically depleting D-serine or by using serine racemase knock-out (SR-KO) mice, confirming its specific

165 tilized two genetic mouse models, the serine racemase knockout (SR-/-) and the glycine transporter su

166 Serine racemase knockout (SR-/-) mice, which lack D-serine, exh

167 In this study, we utilize a serine racemase knockout (SRKO) mouse to explore the contributi

168 Like the homologous mandelate racemase, l-fuconate dehydratase, and d-tartrate dehydra

169 Lactate racemase (Lar) requires nickel, but the nickel-binding s

170 he first enzymes of this subclass of proline racemase-like genes for which the enzymatic activity has

171 A family of eukaryotic proline racemase-like genes has recently been identified.

172 However, the majority of eukaryotic proline racemase-like proteins, including a human protein called

173 me deletion mutation in the gene for alanine racemase lost only the ability to grow on D-alanine.

174 14) hydrogen-bonding network in human serine racemase lowers the pKa of the Ser(84)re-face base.

175 n DAR1 and other animal serine and aspartate racemases make it valuable for examining PLP-dependent r

176 wn to contain the genes coding for mandelate racemase, mandelate dehydrogenase, and benzoylformate de

177 ynaptophysin, MIB-1, and alpha-methylacylCoA-racemase markers.

178 These expression patterns of serine racemase may indicate roles for D-serine in peripheral n

179 Racemase-mediated production of endogenous D-alanine by

180 The alanine racemase monomer is composed of two domains, an eight-st

181 able high-resolution structures of mandelate racemase (MR) from Pseudomonas putida, Lys 166 and His 2

182 uded that GlucD is a member of the mandelate racemase (MR) subfamily of the enolase superfamily.

183 GlucD is a member of the mandelate racemase (MR) subgroup of the enolase superfamily, the m

184 (FucD) function to a member of the mandelate racemase (MR) subgroup of the superfamily encoded by the

185 groups found in the active site of mandelate racemase (MR) that catalyzes a 1,1-proton transfer react

186 se chain reaction, further confirming serine racemase mRNA in Schwann cells and fibroblasts.

187 Glutamate racemase (MurI) catalyzes the racemization of glutamate;

188 t, and d-glutamate, synthesized by glutamate racemase (MurI), is an important component of peptidogly

189 nine-D-glutamate ligase (MurD) and glutamate racemase (MurI).

190 ted evolution, a variant N-acetyl amino acid racemase (NAAAR G291D/F323Y) has been developed with up

191 ino acid substrates for the N-acylamino acid racemase (NAAAR) reaction, N-acetylmethionine, N-succiny

192 first was identified as an N-acylamino acid racemase (NAAAR), with the optimal substrates being the

193 ation of N-acylamino acids (N-acylamino acid racemase; NAAAR) but also catalyzes the OSBS reaction.

194 N-Acetyl amino acid racemases (NAAARs) have demonstrated their potential in

195 enolase superfamily is N-succinylamino acid racemase (NSAR), and the member of the M20 peptidase/car

196 MDAR) hypofunction, and thus used the serine racemase-null mutant mouse (SR(-/-)), which has less tha

197 40 to 50% sequence identity to the glutamate racemases of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Staphylococ

198 case) of Bacillus stearothermophilus alanine racemase on cycloserine inactivation.

199 n, but not to reactions catalyzed by alanine racemase or O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase.

200 e responsible for D-serine synthesis (serine racemase) or blocking NMDA receptor glycine coagonist si

201 o-succinylbenzoate synthase/N-acylamino acid racemase (OSBS/NAAAR) family, part of the mechanisticall

202 e spores retained half the amount of alanine racemase presumed to be associated with the exosporium o

203 oinase, an L-N-carbamoylase, and a hydantoin racemase produced 91 mM L-met from 100 mM D,L-MTEH in le

204 In Vibrio cholerae, a dedicated racemase produced D-Met and D-Leu, whereas Bacillus subt

205 This result indicates that mandelate racemase produces a remarkable rate enhancement [(1.7 x

206 s indicate that cycloserine inhibits alanine racemase production of D-Ala in E. coli and demonstrates

207 make it valuable for examining PLP-dependent racemases, promising to increase our knowledge of enzyme

208 The annotated proline racemase ProR of P. putida KT2440 showed negligible acti

209 Glutamate racemase (RacE) is a bacterial enzyme that converts l-gl

210 Glutamate racemase (RacE) is responsible for converting l-glutamat

211 hracis predicts two genes encoding glutamate racemases, racE1 and racE2.

212 tein (PBP4*) and a co-transcribed amino acid racemase (RacX), homologues of signal peptide peptidase

213 opionyl-CoA flux, (ii) the methylmalonyl-CoA racemase reaction keeps the methylmalonyl-CoA enantiomer

214 lso catalyzes a promiscuous N-acylamino acid racemase reaction).

215 Among them, lactate racemase remains unexplored due to its intrinsic instabi

216 accharide O antigen ligase), or alr (alanine racemase) resulted in increased urothelial interleukin-8

217 By comparing wild-type mandelate racemase's proficiency as a catalyst with the proficienc

218 alysis of amino-acid racemization by alanine racemase shows that the enzyme causes a ca 2 x 10(8)-fol

219 Serine racemase (SR) generates D-serine, a coagonist with gluta

220 Serine racemase (SR) is the enzyme that converts L-serine to D-

221 D-Serine, formed from L-serine by serine racemase (SR), is a physiologic coagonist at NMDA recept

222 the biosynthetic enzyme of d-serine, serine racemase (SR), is expressed almost entirely by neurons,

223 Serine racemase (SR), localized to astrocytic glia that ensheat

224 DISC1 binds to and stabilizes serine racemase (SR), the enzyme that generates D-serine, an en

225 ome-wide association study identified serine racemase (SR), the enzyme that produces the NMDAR co-ago

226 We show that serine racemase (SR), which generates D-serine from L-serine, i

227 from L-serine by the neuronal enzyme serine racemase (SR).

228 y glycine, a competitive inhibitor of serine racemase (SR).

229 quantitative trait locus of the human serine racemase (SRR) gene, was associated with fear-related ph

230 generated from l-serine by the enzyme serine racemase (Srr).

231 Also, as observed in other alanine racemase structures, PLP adopts a conformation that sign

232 mino acids long and belongs to the mandelate racemase subgroup in the enolase superfamily.

233 idoxal phosphate resemble those of bacterial racemases, suggesting that the biosynthetic pathway for

234 Cycloserine is a known alanine racemase suicide substrate, although its mechanism of in

235 ivities and in vivo functions in the proline racemase superfamily (PRS; InterPro IPR008794).

236 een genes that encode members of the proline racemase superfamily, 4R-hydroxyproline 2-epimerase (Uni

237 A mitochondrial dehydrogenase or racemase system also forms (S)-4-hydroxypentanoate.

238 reveal the wide distribution of the lactate racemase system among prokaryotes, showing the high sign

239 T. cruzi proline racemase (TcPRAC), a T. cruzi B-cell mitogen, may contri

240 all purified Gram-positive bacterial alanine racemases that have been tested.

241 Serine racemase, the D-serine-synthesizing enzyme, is expressed

242 is currently great interest in human serine racemase, the enzyme responsible for producing the NMDA

243 Whereas l-serine is not transported, serine racemase, the synthesizing enzyme for d-serine, is ancho

244 n comparison to structurally related alanine racemase, the two domains are rotated 27 degrees relativ

245 Unlike most of known eukaryotic amino acid racemases, the newly discovered enzyme does not require

246 ons catalyzed by EryC (tetrulose-4-phosphate racemase), TpiA2 (D-3-tetrulose-4-phosphate isomerase; r

247 racE1 and racE2 encode functional glutamate racemases, we cloned and expressed racE1 and racE2 in Es

248 and gerP spores with or without all alanine racemases were almost identical.

249 Three amino acid racemases were identified from a genomic screen, and the

250 resence of alanine dehydrogenase and alanine racemase, which are uniquely present among the Archaea,

251 tures of Bacillus stearothermophilus alanine racemase, which corroborates the spectroscopy via eviden

252 D-Serine is formed by serine racemase, which directly converts L-serine to D-serine.

253 ynthetic model of the active site of lactate racemase, which features a pyridinium-based SCS pincer l

254 A deficiency in 2-methylacyl-CoA racemase, which is essential for conversion of (25R)THCA

255 le exosporium also lacked the enzyme alanine racemase, which is normally tightly associated with the

256 n of the protein alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, which is overexpressed in prostate cancer tiss

257 the recent discovery of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, which preferentially labels adenocarcinoma of

258 It is concluded that TOXG encodes an alanine racemase whose function is to synthesize D-Ala for incor

259 model for the complex of the enzyme alanine racemase with its natural substrate (L-alanine) and cofa

260 racE1 and racE2 encode functional glutamate racemases with similar, but not identical, active site f