ライフサイエンスコーパス: rainfall

1 Fire frequency, too, increased with rainfall.

2 mate models in their depiction of convective rainfall.

3 wards higher minimum temperatures and higher rainfall.

4 e stored contaminants into stream flow after rainfall.

5 ers have very little skill, particularly for rainfall.

6 in microbial responses created by historical rainfall.

7 ally correlated variation in temperature and rainfall.

8 rations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in rainfall.

9 position was achieved within one month after rainfall.

10 consequently the potential risks of extreme rainfall.

11 f all Hg species, especially under simulated rainfall.

12 frica via improved air quality and increased rainfall.

13 e associated with drought and reduced spring rainfall.

14 tionships in a region dependent on monsoonal rainfall.

15 soil vibrations that closely mimic those of rainfall.

16 y in areas with temperature extremes and low rainfall.

17 off; Ks and wood density were not related to rainfall.

18 is reduces the LF-ISO intensity and mean ISM rainfall.

19 negative anomaly in SST and an above average rainfall.

20 in areas with lower temperatures and higher rainfall.

21 no observational precedent for this level of rainfall.

22 ease in precipitation and a delay of monsoon rainfall.

23 data-users in selecting a representation of rainfall.

24 The annual input of boron in rainfall accounts for a considerable proportion of the b

25 how differences in the statistics describing rainfall across nine RS and interpolated-IS daily rainfa

26 arming, N addition, P addition and increased rainfall, all exerted positive individual effects on pla

27 Rainfall also elevated the alluvial groundwater table an

28 days, together with a strong increase in the rainfall amounts during the 1% wettest days, by the end

29 nnual community between years with different rainfall amounts.

30 tral India because of a decline in the total rainfall and a concurrent rise in the magnitude and freq

31 ed by a decreasing trend in the mean monsoon rainfall and a weakening variance of its low-frequency I

32 We showed that annual rainfall and accumulated water deficit were the main dri

33 ts, which can be correlated to the amount of rainfall and changes in temperature.

34 l, suggesting a complex relationship between rainfall and cholera incidence.

35 The correlation between rainfall and Deltaleaf , and the natural distribution of

36 into estimates of temporal trends in monthly rainfall and descriptive hydroclimate indices.

37 g the quantified relationships between local rainfall and erodibility into a commonly used river inci

38 opulation expansion in response to increased rainfall and fail to detect out-of-phase demographic syn

39 ssion of storms hit the UK leading to record rainfall and flooding in many regions including south ea

40 Total annual rainfall and frustule densities in laminae over a longer

41 e peatland in Brunei Darussalam, we show how rainfall and groundwater flow determine a shape paramete

42 Candidate SNPs associated with rainfall and high temperature were diverse, whereas SNPs

43 These storms produced record rainfall and high water discharges into the Hudson River

44 tive association between 1-month-lagged mean rainfall and incidence of diarrheagenic E. coli, which w

45 Higher rainfall and lower temperatures caused in most varieties

46 and dryer conditions, with less predictable rainfall and more extreme events (e.g., droughts and flo

47 Grass biomass increased with rainfall and on nutrient-rich clay soils.

48 equency streamwater samples taken during two rainfall and one snowmelt event in two watersheds with c

49 ents by trapping moisture through orographic rainfall and providing firebreaks that shelter forest fr

50 sted as alternate 'active' phases of copious rainfall and quiescent phases of 'break'.

51 Increased rainfall and reduced grazing resulted in greater CO2 emi

52 shortened fire intervals, whereas declining rainfall and rising temperature did not have a detectabl

53 are evident across Australia, with declining rainfall and rising temperature in conjunction with freq

54 Empirical relationships between rainfall and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the tr

55 In this study, extreme rainfall and snowfall events occurred during a 3-year fi

56 in Panama, differing in species composition, rainfall and soil fertility.

57 (i) the effects of interannual variation in rainfall and solar radiation between 2007 and 2016 on se

58 ronmental heterogeneity modulated impacts of rainfall and solar radiation.

59 te that direct empirical comparisons between rainfall and streamflow provide a method for evaluating

60 observed during baseflow that are diluted by rainfall and surface runoff.

61 the intertropical convergence zone, Sahelian rainfall and surface temperatures over the Sahara Desert

62 climatic and anthropogenic signatures, with rainfall and temperature explaining approximately 55% of

63 B. attenuata may tolerate further changes in rainfall and temperature through evolutionary adaptation

64 te sensitive; 82% to primary drivers such as rainfall and temperature.

65 r extent in some varieties and lines also by rainfall and temperatures during crop year.

66 with climatic context (here, seasonality in rainfall); and (iii) the extent to which behavioural res

67 d time series analyses, controlling for age, rainfall, and autocorrelation.

68 tterns of malaria endemicity, seasonality in rainfall, and mosquito composition to map optimum packag

69 how climatic conditions-such as temperature, rainfall, and violent storms-influence the nature of soc

70 HAZ) and weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) and rainfall are generally positive, but patterns are hetero

71 mospheric CO2 , changing land management and rainfall are likely causes.

72 Shallow landslides, triggered by extreme rainfall, are a significant hazard in mountainous landsc

73 pollen count has negative correlation to the rainfall.Artemisia indica admitted that its airborne pol

74 The changes in extreme rainfall associated with a warming climate have drawn si

75 millennia-long intervals of reduced monsoon rainfall associated with each of the terminations.

76 he delta is delivered by runoff generated by rainfall associated with tropical cyclones.

77 used together with satellite derived data on rainfall, average temperature and evapotranspiration(ET)

78 eproduced reflectivity echoes and associated rainfall bands more efficiently.

79 ce model, to partition annual ET into green (rainfall-based) and blue (surface water/groundwater) sou

80 with the previous year's May, June, and July rainfall being the best predictor of defoliation events

81 It distinguishes between green (rainfall), blue (surface and ground), and scarce groundw

82 her in regions of East Africa with increased rainfall, but incidence was also higher in some areas wi

83 to the multidecadal recovery of Sahel annual rainfall, but is highly correlated with global land temp

84 Because regional rainfall cannot be directly measured, spatial data produ

85 esponse of gross primary production (GPP) to rainfall change (intrinsic response).

86 sses from tropical forest soils under future rainfall changes.

87 connection between extratropical cooling and rainfall climate in the tropics and the mid-latitude bel

88 decreased in years with extreme snowfall or rainfall compared to those in normal years.

89 We find that historical rainfall controls both the moisture dependence and sensi

90 We used observed rainfall data and downscaled climate model output based

91 roclimate at regional scales rely on spatial rainfall data products, derived from remotely-sensed (RS

92 r surveys from 12 countries with 30 years of rainfall data to examine how rainfall variability and ho

93 d streamflow provide a method for evaluating rainfall dataset performance across multiple areal (basi

94 all across nine RS and interpolated-IS daily rainfall datasets covering the period of 1998-2013.

95 n driven by observed gridded temperature and rainfall datasets for the period 1950-2015.

96 hese results highlight the need for users of rainfall datasets to quantify this "data selection uncer

97 we evaluate the correspondence of different rainfall datasets with streamflow from 89 river basins.

98 ) and ponds (any), while increasing seasonal rainfall decreased the risk of Giardia in STWs and ponds

99 high temperatures can be more damaging than rainfall deficit, and, without adaptation, warmer mid-ce

100 to explain the severity of the 2016 observed rainfall deficits for a substantial portion of the Amazo

101 security across all households regardless of rainfall, demonstrating that one-size fits all approache

102 the dust-induced Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall differences (with dust minus without dust) chan

103 In tropical rivers, rainfall drives a periodic flood pulse fueling fish prod

104 h climate change: ambient temperature, heavy rainfall, drought, and flooding.

105 After 15 years of receiving half the normal rainfall, drought-related tree mortality caused total fo

106 h coincides with the left-side preference in rainfall due to the large-scale wind shear.

107 iated with greater solar radiation and lower rainfall during El Nino years.

108 We show that increased rainfall during the Little Ice Age (LIA) ( approximately

109 urges of moisture supply, leading to extreme rainfall episodes across the entire central subcontinent

110 assessed the influence of climate change on rainfall erosivity across Brazil.

111 ion Pathway 4.5 and 8.5, to estimate and map rainfall erosivity and its projected changes across Braz

112 This first ever Global Rainfall Erosivity Database was used to develop a global

113 e tropical climate zone has the highest mean rainfall erosivity followed by the temperate whereas the

114 data collection effort whereby we estimated rainfall erosivity for 3,625 stations covering 63 countr

115 Our results provide an overview of rainfall erosivity in Brazil that may be useful for plan

116 at the most affected regions, with projected rainfall erosivity increases ranging up to 109% in the p

117 Quantifying rainfall erosivity is challenging as it requires high te

118 oil degradation globally, global patterns of rainfall erosivity remain poorly quantified and estimate

119 Globally, the mean rainfall erosivity was estimated to be 2,190 MJ mm ha(-1

120 Future changes in the structure of daily rainfall, especially the number of rainy days and the in

121 ause of the inhibition effect of the extreme rainfall event.

122 n this apparent paradox of increased extreme rainfall events and weakened slower-time-scale component

123 nsports them to the surrounding soils; thus, rainfall events control how often new input to the soil

124 Time intervals between rainfall events in Northern Europe are shorter than degr

125 spread failure of models in capturing strong rainfall events in summer over the central U.S.

126 asphalt and collected runoff from simulated rainfall events up to 7 months postapplication.

127 y Deposition Network (MDN) containing single rainfall events were identified and classified into six

128 Future climatic change with more extreme rainfall events would increase the risk of accumulated n

129 After large rainfall events, birds rapidly increased nocturnal fligh

130 Precipitation accumulations, integrated over rainfall events, can be affected by both intensity and d

131 These findings indicate that between rainfall events, desert-soil microbial communities enter

132 cant increase in the number of these extreme rainfall events, especially in the quiescent phases.

133 ification products, especially during summer rainfall events, may lead to underestimation of annual n

134 ed States and the expected increase in heavy rainfall events, our findings suggest a potential health

135 ions, we show that the occurrence of extreme rainfall events, primarily in the break phase of an LF-I

136 se in the magnitude and frequency of extreme rainfall events.

137 d exhibits spatiotemporally sporadic extreme rainfall events.

138 s and the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events.

139 ing evidence shows that sub-daily convective rainfall extremes are increasing faster than the rate of

140 asymmetry in the interannual distribution of rainfall (extrinsic forcing), and asymmetry in the respo

141 reasonably predictable, via a combination of rainfall (favoring grasses), soil (sandy soils favoring

142 er, neither the proposed positive vegetation-rainfall feedback nor its underlying albedo mechanism ha

143 or the region's proposed positive vegetation-rainfall feedback on the seasonal to interannual time sc

144 ally contributing to the positive vegetation-rainfall feedback.

145 across the Sahel promote positive vegetation-rainfall feedbacks dominated by surface albedo mechanism

146 ear (eccentricity) cycles of temperature and rainfall following the Mid-Pleistocene Transition around

147 application to empirical forecasts of summer rainfall for the United Kingdom, Ireland, and northern F

148 C, and declined 2% for every 10% decrease in rainfall (for nonirrigated sites).

149 ts and observations demonstrate that heavier rainfall freshens the near-surface water, leading to str

150 he soil (Es) and vaporization of intercepted rainfall from vegetation (Ei).

151 Following heavy rainfall gas exchange in all species, except those trees

152 odibility of bedrock-floored rivers across a rainfall gradient on the Big Island of Hawai'i.

153 moisture, increased fourfold across a 480-mm rainfall gradient, resulting in twofold greater carbon l

154 ting lowland West African forests spanning a rainfall gradient.

155 s in woody, leaf and root biomass across the rainfall gradient.

156 haracterized candidate genes associated with rainfall gradients, temperatures, and fire intervals thr

157 Simulated rainfall had no significant effect on the overall bacter

158 e not risen, ruling out the possibility that rainfall has intensified in response to locally warmer c

159 nd in locations where temperature and summer rainfall have increased most.

160 For simulated rainfall, Hg transport was negligible in a high organic

161 a-1) where environmental stress is high (low rainfall, high seasonality).

162 change, are often associated with changes in rainfall, humidity and pressure.

163 ological conditions, particularly related to rainfall, humidity, and sunlight irradiation.

164 g years of extreme drought and above-average rainfall in a desert, we measured plant interactions and

165 For example, increased rainfall in East Africa (as predicted in many recent cli

166 ino conditions are associated with increased rainfall in East Africa and decreased rainfall in southe

167 ayback experiments in the absence of natural rainfall in native habitats, we observed that two Iberia

168 If indeed, the EASM rainfall in North China might decline significantly in t

169 our analysis showed an increase in ANPP with rainfall in relatively warm sites, inconsistent with dec

170 re being the predominant factor in urban and rainfall in rural sites.

171 reased rainfall in East Africa and decreased rainfall in southern Africa, West Africa, and parts of t

172 agriculture in Syria and retention of winter rainfall in Syrian dams, which gave rise to unexpected a

173 Here we show that rainfall in the basin responds closely to changes in gla

174 ttern has a particularly strong influence on rainfall in the British Isles, which we find can also be

175 ed increases in springtime total and extreme rainfall in the central United States are dominated by m

176 y of this record allow us to investigate how rainfall in the region responds to D-O events.

177 Summer rainfall in the Sahel region of Africa exhibits one of t

178 evidence suggests centuries-long changes in rainfall in the tropical Pacific over the past 2,000 y,

179 th more extreme thermal events, and frequent rainfalls in some coastal regions.

180 her ambient temperature decreased and higher rainfall increased diarrheal risk with temperature being

181 Recent rainfall increased the risk of Cryptosporidium in STWs (

182 precipitable water, convective activity and rainfall, indicative of amplified moisture recycling.

183 We test the hypothesis that rainfall-induced vibrations in soil are the cues that tr

184 n media are subsequently resaturated through rainfall infiltration, the remobilization of solutes lik

185 Here we show that maximum hourly summer rainfall intensity has increased by about 11.2% on avera

186 y caused by periodic wind erosion (dust) and rainfall inundation (flood) events.

187 Rainfall is an important modifying factor.

188 , an increase of 1 SD in agricultural season rainfall is associated with a 0.05- to 0.25-point higher

189 Intraseasonal variation of monsoon rainfall is associated with both a north-south pattern f

190 imate models to simulate such descriptors of rainfall is generally poor.

191 Nutrition sensitivity to rainfall is greater in Nepal, where rainfall is lower on

192 ivity to rainfall is greater in Nepal, where rainfall is lower on average and wider ranging, than in

193 he Earth's surface to the energetic input of rainfall is one of the key factors controlling water ero

194 Here we show that Sahel rainfall is skilfully predicted on inter-annual and mult

195 Weakening of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) is traditionally linked with large-scale

196 cales with 10-60 day periods of high and low rainfall, known as active and break periods, respectivel

197 ificant decrease of the West African monsoon rainfall, leading to changes in agricultural practices.

198 In contrast, year-to-year rainfall levels are largely determined by the recycling

199 Rainfall levels have subsequently recovered, but future

200 ional and global changes in nitrogen (N) and rainfall levels, but the current understanding is limite

201 ith partial water saturation under simulated rainfall (low ionic strength solution without DOM) and l

202 nmental effect with a hazard ratio for a low rainfall (<200 mm) year of 2.28 (0.91-5.72, P = 0.079).

203 tal change in field common gardens and field rainfall manipulations, supporting a persistent effect o

204 l impacts of drought comes from experimental rainfall manipulations.

205 Although cooled daytime and increased rainfall might enhance EVI, nighttime warming dominated

206 hip between annual mean leaf and mean annual rainfall of the hydrological year for 1-4 years (i.e. 36

207 At individual ports, two rainfalls of a certain ionic strength mobilized differen

208 a offers significant potential to infer past rainfall on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.

209 used on the effects of either temperature or rainfall on ANPP, our results highlight the importance o

210 ments to investigate the effect of simulated rainfall on bacterial communities associated with the wi

211 nderlined the potential importance of severe rainfall on seasonal SM export.

212 ance of interactions between temperature and rainfall on the C cycle.

213 n the breeding grounds, and declining summer rainfall on the non-breeding grounds.

214 of the large change in ocean temperature and rainfall on uptake and release of CO2 by the oceans and

215 al solar irradiation (r<0.6252) but not with rainfall or daily temperature.

216 The brine is produced by either rainfall or runoff water.

217 However, how natural extreme rainfall or snowfall events affect these fluxes are stil

218 concentrations, as did temperature (but not rainfall or UV).

219 affected by seasonal changes in temperature, rainfall, or resource availability.

220 Summer Monsoon Rainfall over the Indian subcontinent displays a promine

221 ounts for approximately half of total summer rainfall over the SWTP.

222 easonal, trend, and climate (temperature and rainfall) parameters.

223 ict long-term effects of changes in temporal rainfall patterns and drainage networks on tropical peat

224 ssociated with shifts in hurricane activity, rainfall patterns and intensity, and changes in fish pop

225 With each 1-inch increase in rainfall per month there was an associated increase in t

226 Our results suggest that rainfall plays a previously unrecognized, critical role

227 lity to recirculate available water (through rainfall predisposition mechanisms).

228 Our future rainfall projections did not reveal a strong increasing

229 lished Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) rainfall proxy records from Yok Balum Cave, southern Bel

230 ally, by achieving highest fitness in either rainfall pulse or interpulse periods, variability reduce

231 Conversely, warm spells in winter with rainfall (rain-on-snow) can cause 'icing', restricting a

232 g, which increases systematically with local rainfall rate.

233 onsequently, the amount of water supplied as rainfall reaching the soil and directly recycled as tran

234 Here we present a new paleo-rainfall reconstruction based on high-resolution speleot

235 irst speleothem-derived central North Africa rainfall record for the last glacial period.

236 here is a 7% chance of exceeding the current rainfall record in at least one month in any given winte

237 mporal resolution(<30 min) and high fidelity rainfall recordings.

238 the instrumental, historical and proxy-based rainfall records from North China, plausibly driven by t

239 ient precipitation treatment, but received a rainfall regime of fewer, larger rain events, and longer

240 ace elevation) that specifies, under a given rainfall regime, the ultimate, stable morphology, and he

241 macroclimatic drivers (e.g., temperature and rainfall regimes) greatly influence ecosystem structure

242 feedback was modulated by the changing N and rainfall regimes.

243 tes, inconsistent with declines in ANPP with rainfall reported previously.

244 s caused by changes in ocean circulation and rainfall responses that are consistent with the observed

245 430 mm of seasonal (planting to harvesting) rainfall resulted in the optimum sWUE for corn, and 317

246 responsible for the release of metals during rainfall runoff.

247 ENSO, Southern Annular Mode, austral season, rainfall, sea surface salinity and sea surface temperatu

248 Rainfall, sea surface temperatures, and sea surface sali

249 n African ecosystems, other factors, such as rainfall seasonality or ecological interactions among pl

250 Within these periodic phases, the daily rainfall shows large variability and exhibits spatiotemp

251 When all biomes were normalized by rainfall, shrublands however, were most efficient in abs

252 In cool forests (< 20 degrees C), high rainfall slowed rates of C cycling, but in warm tropical

253 was significantly positively correlated with rainfall, soil moisture (SM), the carbon to nitrogen rat

254 Here, we examined in situ interactions among rainfall, soils, grasses, fire, and elephants that deter

255 ee-, four-, or fivefold stronger effect than rainfall, solar radiation, and the Multivariate ENSO Ind

256 Therefore, rainfall solution history and soil heterogeneity must be

257 icates that colloid mobilization depended on rainfall solution history, which is referred as colloid

258 To examine this, we applied rainfall solutions of different ionic strength on an int

259 species sensitivities to shifts in seasonal rainfall statistics, showing that co-occurring species m

260 was also higher in some areas with decreased rainfall, suggesting a complex relationship between rain

261 mixing of equally contaminated baseflow and rainfall/surface runoff, are observed in the Little Roug

262 xpectedly, AGB had no direct relationship to rainfall, temperature, soil, or topography.

263 to intermittently receive substantially more rainfall than today, resulting in favourable environment

264 te record shows pronounced shifts in monsoon rainfall that are antiphased with precipitation records

265 Water levels rose rapidly due to heavy rainfall that eventually overtopped, and subsequently br

266 For simulated rainfall, the transport trends observed in model sands w

267 pidly increasing temperatures and decreasing rainfall, there is an urgent need to understand the infl

268 rth Atlantic and Mediterranean enhance Sahel rainfall through increased meridional convergence of low

269 nes might interact with changing patterns of rainfall to alter small-mammal distribution and behaviou

270 imply a high sensitivity of tropical Pacific rainfall to climate forcings.

271 chance of exceeding observed record monthly rainfall totals in many parts of the UK.

272 nce of exceeding the observed record monthly rainfall totals in many regions of the UK.

273 gion have recorded a rise in 'extreme' daily rainfall totals.

274 Rainfall trends from different datasets are inconsistent

275 Our work reveals that heavy rainfall triggers increased nocturnal flight activity in

276 ith 30 years of rainfall data to examine how rainfall variability and household resources are correla

277 es sensitivity across multiple timescales of rainfall variability and provides a promising avenue tow

278 ure model and, for the first time, translate rainfall variability at multiple timescales - with expli

279 ng survival was not sensitive to interannual rainfall variability but interspecific variation in thes

280 hermore, the suborbital component of monsoon rainfall variability exhibits power in both the precessi

281 xplore the close relationship between summer rainfall variability over the southwestern Tibetan Plate

282 Rainfall variability, aridity, soil texture, tillage dur

283 Rainfall variation, flooding and soil gradients strongly

284 We evaluated the role of rainfall variation, soil gradients and herbivory on seed

285 increased atmospheric Hg deposition through rainfall, vegetation and runoff of soils.

286 and ET, respectively, as temperature (T) or rainfall (W) moved away from historical levels.

287 ual probability of 500 mm of area-integrated rainfall was about 1% in the period 1981-2000 and will i

288 y spring precipitation; nevertheless, higher rainfall was usually associated with later appearance of

289 ly, the large natural variations in tropical rainfall we detect, each linked to a multicentury pertur

290 ntrasting ecosystems, before and after heavy rainfall we revealed a key role for facultative nocturna

291 e, while households within a normal range of rainfall were 3.67 months food insecure, and wetter than

292 pecies are lowest in areas with intermediate rainfall, where complex interrelations between soil fert

293 The colour differences were related to rainfall, whereas the fatty acid content was strongly in

294 s to find temporary water bodies formed from rainfall which is highly unpredictable seasonally and sp

295 f the hydrologic cycle, including convective rainfall, which is the focus of the present work.

296 ring the timing and amount of growing season rainfall will impact plant community structure in annual

297 natural resources, such as solar radiation, rainfall, wind, and geothermal heat, together with ecosy

298 The simulated reduction of NPP during a low-rainfall year also varied widely, from 24 to 70%.

299 Shrub facilitation and the high rainfall year contributed to the dominance of a competit

300 In normal rainfall years of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, N fertilizati