ライフサイエンスコーパス: rainforest

1 bles, on ecosystem dynamics in a subtropical rainforest.

2 it-scarce periods in a West African tropical rainforest.

3 ation ranging from wooded savannahs to humid rainforest.

4 CO2), with highest levels in rivers draining rainforest.

5 tions located west-to-east of the equatorial rainforest.

6 anging from cool Andean highland to Amazonia rainforest.

7 he earliest megafossil record of Neotropical rainforest.

8 -scale "dieback" or degradation of Amazonian rainforest.

9 lar family composition to extant Neotropical rainforest.

10 nitrogen and volatile organic compounds than rainforest.

11 large tracts of commercially logged tropical rainforest.

12 em due to deforestation only of parts of the rainforest.

13 non-ENSO year 2000 in a Costa Rican tropical rainforest.

14 heir unique lifestyle in the Central African rainforest.

15 in the photochemistry active over the Amazon rainforest.

16 ree Pacific coast to the VBRV-endemic Amazon rainforest.

17 triggers tree death from drought in tropical rainforest.

18 ion experiment (TFE) in an eastern Amazonian rainforest.

19 ersity over 8-16 years in eight successional rainforests.

20 r of avian speciation in lowland Neotropical rainforests.

21 al ecosystem processes dominated by tropical rainforests.

22 ose clades that succeeded radiating into the rainforests.

23 in few animal-pollinated plants in tropical rainforests.

24 N in stream waters of temperate and tropical rainforests.

25 od shortages in their native Southeast Asian rainforests.

26 pproximately 25% in a majority of the Amazon rainforests.

27 corridor between the Amazonian and Atlantic rainforests.

28 s similar to the litter of extant equatorial rainforests.

29 matic events pose severe hazards to tropical rainforests.

30 reme heat and drought over most of Amazonian rainforests.

31 t role in the redistribution of nutrients in rainforests.

32 n shape community dynamics in highly diverse rainforests.

33 se are limiting factors in coastal temperate rainforests.

34 is roughly equivalent to that of terrestrial rainforests.

35 ese ecological processes operate in tropical rainforests.

36 In tropical rainforests, 30-65% of tree species grow at densities of

37 of large geometric earthworks beneath intact rainforest across southern Amazonia challenges its statu

38 seen in a set of well characterized Hawaiian rainforests, across which we have measured the 15N/14N o

39 orders of magnitude higher than in pristine rainforest air.

40 arts of the boreal forest belt, the tropical rainforest, alpine regions worldwide, steppe and prairie

41 centrations do not differ significantly over rainforest and adjacent oil palm plantation landscapes.

42 berg rock outcrops in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest and are thus long-term fragmented by nature.

43 In contrast, rainforest and circum-arctic hunter-gatherers and some p

44 rns, which occupies the junction between the rainforest and dry forest and currently is known only fr

45 go, with a distinct preference for semi-open rainforest and rain forest edges.

46 af-litter ant species in unlogged and logged rainforest and tested four predictions: (i) there is a n

47 e the nonlinear couplings between the Amazon rainforest and the atmospheric moisture transport from t

48 ve compass information for navigation in the rainforest and, additionally, provide cues for visual di

49 te the theory: bird conservation in tropical rainforests and coastal defence provided by mangrove for

50 om the other known mangrove data, a tropical rainforest, and ocean sediment.

51 s collected over three decades, we show that rainforest anthrax is a persistent and widespread cause

52 ercial logging on tree diversity in tropical rainforest are largely unknown.

53 Rates of BNF in tropical rainforest are thought to be among the highest on Earth,

54 94 out of every 100 individual arthropods in rainforests are ants, and they constitute up to 15% of a

55 future climate and fire conditions: tropical rainforests are especially vulnerable, whereas seasonal

56 topographic positions suggests that tropical rainforests are more sensitive to moisture deficits than

57 correlated with higher isohydricity (so that rainforests are mostly isohydric).

58 However, likely responses of tropical rainforests are poorly understood due to a lack of frequ

59 Today, the eastern rainforests are separated from the dry deciduous forests

60 e a large proportion of species diversity in rainforests are significantly more species-rich.

61 Tropical rainforests are subject to extensive degradation by comm

62 re in Africa coincides with severe losses of rainforest area, especially after the Miocene.

63 ammalian diversity distributions, one in the rainforest areas (Deep Rainforest Diversity, DRD) contai

64 damped driven pendulum, a model of Amazonian rainforest as a known climate tipping element and the Da

65 vey of 49 ecosystems from tundra to tropical rainforest, average worker mass and worker number were u

66 olution experiment conducted in the tropical rainforest, bats visited computer-automated flowers with

67 irst moved southward, through the equatorial rainforest, before spreading toward eastern and southern

68 s have been logged, with dramatic impacts on rainforest biodiversity that may disrupt key ecosystem p

69 at outbreaks located along the limits of the rainforest biome were significantly associated with fore

70 rition and wild meat availability within the Rainforest Biotic Zone in central Africa.

71 esponds strongly to conversion of the Amazon rainforest, but in a manner different from plants and an

72 to assess species diversity in a Costa Rican rainforest butterfly community.

73 ements exclusively within savannah or within rainforest by established rainforest populations.

74 were slowed, delaying the occupation of the rainforest by on average 300 y, compared with similar mi

75 extraordinary abundance of ants in tropical rainforest canopies has led to speculation that numerous

76 rophic 50-foot free-fall from the top of the rainforest canopy to the forest floor at her remote fiel

77 Rdark was measured on 431 rainforest canopy trees, from 182 species, in French Gui

78 the total invertebrate biomass in an entire rainforest canopy.

79 Understanding tropical rainforest carbon exchange and its response to heat and

80 h an impact extending over 1,000 km from the rainforest city of Manaus (population 2.1 million).

81 Rainforest clades have diversified from the Late Oligoce

82 e, which did not necessitate labor-intensive rainforest clearance for earthwork construction.

83 le, agricultural practices, climate changes, rainforest clearing or air travel).

84 Selective logging is a major driver of rainforest degradation across the tropics.

85 ries under terra firme (upland interfluvial) rainforest, directly challenging the "pristine" status o

86 clude that the wet periods probably affected rainforest distribution, as plant fossils show that fore

87 rsity occurred at the same time as a loss of rainforest diversity and cannot be explained by ecologic

88 We investigated whether rainforest diversity in Meliaceae has accumulated over a

89 ributions, one in the rainforest areas (Deep Rainforest Diversity, DRD) containing taxa of lower hunt

90 ecies of greater hunting potential (Marginal Rainforest Diversity, MRD).

91 e related to differential losses of tropical rainforests during the Cenozoic, but not to the cumulati

92 lar, the hypothesized replacement of ancient rainforest-dwelling extinct lineages by antecedents of x

93 This work demonstrates that while temperate rainforest dynamics occur at fine spatial scales (<1000

94 We show that wet conditions and rainforest ecosystems on Sulawesi present during marine

95 The impacts of this climate extreme on the rainforest ecosystems remain to be documented and are li

96 of these epiphytes--a neglected component in rainforest ecosystems--can more than double our estimate

97 understanding of the functioning of tropical rainforest ecosystems.

98 biomass of invertebrates living in a common rainforest epiphyte, describe a striking relationship be

99 Tropical rainforests exhibit an extraordinarily high level of bio

100 onsistent with the notion that many tropical rainforests exist in a state of N saturation.

101 over the late Quaternary period by modeling rainforest expansion and contraction in 21 biogeographic

102 r settlement despite the climatically driven rainforest expansion that began approximately 2,000 y ag

103 de strong evidence that the same Neotropical rainforest families have characterized the biome since t

104 r is a Sumatran Pleistocene cave with a rich rainforest fauna associated with fossil human teeth.

105 f ants to the removal of food resources from rainforest floors and thus nutrient redistribution.

106 t all tropical fruits are equally desired by rainforest foragers and some fruit trees get depleted mo

107 vironmental data have hinted at pre-Holocene rainforest foraging, earlier human reliance on rainfores

108 mples from extant and Quaternary Neotropical rainforest from similar climates.

109 sumptions by relating field abundance of the rainforest fruit fly Drosophila birchii to ecological ch

110 However, changes in rainforest function with climate change can disrupt this

111 The thermal environments of this Panama rainforest generate a range of CTmax subsuming 74% of th

112 Transpiration from the Amazon rainforest generates an essential water source at a glob

113 Human occupation of tropical rainforest habitats is thought to be a mainly Holocene p

114 , followed emerging savannah corridors, with rainforest habitats repeatedly imposing temporal barrier

115 e 2 species coexist are areas where pristine rainforest has been degraded, results also suggest that

116 More than half the world's rainforest has been lost to agriculture since the Indust

117 The Amazon rainforest has been proposed as a tipping element of the

118 illus cereus biovar anthracis, in a tropical rainforest have severe consequences for local wildlife c

119 Neotropical rainforests have a very poor fossil record, making hypot

120 Tropical rainforests have experienced episodes of severe heat and

121 Although the Amazon rainforest houses much of Earth's biodiversity and plays

122 ted with the pygmy phenotype in the Batwa, a rainforest hunter-gatherer population from Uganda (east

123 he first socio-economic interactions between rainforest hunter-gatherers and farmers introduced by th

124 enotype and DNA methylation profiles for 362 rainforest hunter-gatherers and sedentary farmers.

125 e confers a selective advantage for tropical rainforest hunter-gatherers but raising questions about

126 hen we expanded our analysis to include Baka rainforest hunter-gatherers from Cameroon and Gabon (wes

127 haracteristic of African and Southeast Asian rainforest hunter-gatherers, is largely unknown.

128 has had an impact on the genetic history of rainforest hunter-gatherers-historically referred to as

129 Tropical rainforest hyperdiversity is often suggested to have evo

130 Rainforest hyperdiversity may best be explained by recen

131 lia; AmazonFACE in a highly diverse, primary rainforest in Brazil; BIFoR-FACE in a 150-yr-old deciduo

132 In this study, selectively logged tropical rainforest in Indonesian Borneo is shown to contain high

133 ical Station, a protected old-growth lowland rainforest in lower Central America.

134 of ecological data from a protected primary rainforest in Malaysia to illutrate how subsidies from n

135 nts from c. 1 ha plots in a lowland tropical rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia.

136 We tested this prediction in rainforest in the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, b

137 some ecosystems, like the tropical seasonal rainforest in this study.

138 the forests of the North American temperate rainforests in Alaska, which store >2.8 Pg C in biomass

139 f successional community dynamics of lowland rainforests in Costa Rica.

140 ble uncertainty surrounds the fate of Amazon rainforests in response to climate change.

141 nning experimental drought study in tropical rainforest (in the Brazilian Amazon), we test whether ca

142 Visually guided flight control in the rainforest is arguably one of the most complex insect be

143 The Amazon rainforest is disproportionately important for global ca

144 how that the vegetation canopy of the Amazon rainforest is highly sensitive to changes in precipitati

145 The Amazon rainforest is one of the few continental regions where a

146 Most species-level diversity of Meliaceae in rainforest is recent.

147 The Amazon rainforest is the Earth's largest reservoir of plant and

148 The presence of a high-diversity tropical rainforest is unexpected, because other Paleocene floras

149 The future of the Amazon rainforest is unknown due to uncertainties in projected

150 The ecology of Bornean rainforests is driven by El Nino-induced droughts that t

151 large majority of plant species diversity in rainforests is recent, suggesting (episodic) species tur

152 t of carbon that is being absorbed by mature rainforests is similar to or greater than that being rel

153 Old-growth forest conservation in tropical rainforests is therefore a highly-recommended solution f

154 Here, we show that some insects, such as rainforest katydids, possess equivalent biophysical mech

155 -year field study of Propithecus edwardsi, a rainforest lemur from Madagascar with a maximum lifespan

156 ithecus diadema, n = 3), endangered Malagasy rainforest lemurs, and we report extremely efficient rec

157 vorous insects in this Paleocene Neotropical rainforest may reflect an early stage in the diversifica

158 e inter-annual variability and that tropical rainforests may become less relevant drivers in the futu

159 One of the key changes that tropical rainforests may experience under future climate change s

160 dence of a large defaunation shadow around a rainforest metropolis.

161 flowering of many tree species in Amazonian rainforests near the Equator.

162 , to our knowledge, the earliest evidence of rainforest occupation by AMH, and underscores the import

163 , the distinctive component of the temperate rainforest of the northwest coast of California.

164 tion zone between the Saharan desert and the rainforests of Central Africa and the Guinean Coast, exp

165 throughout secondary succession in tropical rainforests of north-east Costa Rica, and that attempts

166 11 residential camps) living in the tropical rainforests of Peninsular Malaysia.

167 arctic to 50.8 degrees C in lowland tropical rainforests of Peruvian Amazon.

168 Homo sapiens' relationship with the tropical rainforests of South Asia is therefore long-standing, a

169 andscapes currently occupied by the seasonal rainforests of southern Amazonia may therefore not have

170 We use the tropical rainforests of the Amazon, the Congo basin and South-Eas

171 Amazonia is the most biodiverse rainforest on Earth, and the debate over how many tree s

172 , but not to the cumulative area of tropical rainforest over geological time.

173 lution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed networ

174 Drought threatens tropical rainforests over seasonal to decadal timescales, but the

175 We quantified the relative stability of rainforests over the late Quaternary period by modeling

176 Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produ

177 ly reduced plant transpiration, although the rainforest persisted throughout this time.

178 They are most abundant in rainforest plants.

179 The Amazon rainforest plays a crucial role in the climate system, h

180 ost abundant tree species in a 25-ha lowland rainforest plot in Ecuador.

181 g 17 consecutive years of data from tropical rainforest plots in Costa Rica that range from 10 y sinc

182 savannah or within rainforest by established rainforest populations.

183 had the opposite effect, enhancing temperate rainforest productivity.

184 odel), but there is also evidence for recent rainforest radiations.

185 When populations did move from savannah into rainforest, rates of migration were slowed, delaying the

186 Tropical rainforest regions are urbanizing rapidly, yet the role

187 Tropical rainforest regions have large hydropower generation pote

188 anisms promoting coexistence in hyperdiverse rainforests remains a considerable challenge.

189 ining climate change feedbacks from tropical rainforests requires an understanding of how carbon gain

190 ing the ecological integrity of Kalimantan's rainforests requires immediate transnational management.

191 ng at Los Tuxtlas, the northernmost tropical rainforest reserve in the Americas.

192 show that human foragers relied primarily on rainforest resources from at least ~20,000 years ago, wi

193 inforest foraging, earlier human reliance on rainforest resources has not been shown directly.

194 e in species which adapt to desiccation, and rainforest restricted species which cannot.

195 ng sustainability, the other in the northern rainforest-savanna mosaic, with species of greater hunti

196 We use the rainforest-savanna transition region in Brazil to show d

197 New findings from African rainforests show chimpanzees to have impressively advanc

198 na, a tree from the South American temperate rainforest shows strong heteroblasty affecting leaf shap

199 carbon source was used to enrich a Malaysian rainforest soil sample.

200 Recent research on rainforest speciation has highlighted the importance of

201 an syntypes of U. kikkawai show that it is a rainforest species occurring from Costa Rica to Brazil.

202 n climate may affect reproductive success of rainforest species.

203 Tropical rainforests store enormous amounts of carbon, the protec

204 we suggest that the overall carbon budget of rainforests, summed across terrestrial and aquatic envir

205 thin ecosystems: across 31 trees in a Panama rainforest, surfaces exposed to sun were 8 degrees C war

206 th mechanisms of vicariance in other African rainforest taxa.

207 ' are large stands of trees in the Amazonian rainforest that consist almost entirely of a single spec

208 appear to have filled a niche in Australia's rainforests that has not been occupied by any other mamm

209 The central African rainforests, the second-largest on Earth, have experienc

210 a long-term drought experiment in the Amazon rainforest to evaluate the role of leaf-level water rela

211 ze the response of an old-growth Neotropical rainforest to the severe heat and drought associated wit

212 , pH, conductivity, and total alkalinity) in rainforests to those more typical for savannah systems.

213 limits of D(V) typical of modern megathermal rainforest trees first appear during a second wave of in

214 References Tropical rainforest (TRF) is the most species-rich terrestrial bi

215 ryptic predator from the soils of the Amazon rainforest was inferred from several nuclear genes, sequ

216 ing a fertilization experiment in a tropical rainforest, we evaluated how variable substrate stoichio

217 d Bantus, living in the southern Cameroonian rainforest, were matched for sex, age, and ethnicity wit

218 behavior related to perch selection, even in rainforests where much of the solar radiation is shielde

219 rgest size classes than the lowland tropical rainforests where social spiders thrive.

220 d ant-seed mutualism occurs in the Amazonian rainforest, where arboreal ants collect seeds of several

221 tes are dominant species in primary tropical rainforests, where their abundance and diversity contrib

222 changes in the net carbon flux of a tropical rainforest which experiences a pronounced dry season.

223 ed to condensational latent heating over the rainforest, which strongly enhances atmospheric moisture

224 e that urban markets can defaunate deep into rainforest wilderness has implications for other urbaniz

225 l BNF within the historical area of tropical rainforest with current anthropogenic N inputs indicates

226 In rainforests with low climatic seasonality, photoperiodic

227 ear to have allowed for the establishment of rainforests within 1.4 million years of the K-T boundary

228 a prominent plant group in lowland tropical rainforests world-wide but also occur in all other tropi

229 ible "tipping point," beyond which extensive rainforest would become unsustainable.