ライフサイエンスコーパス: rate-determining step

1 ively to the same equations with a change of rate determining step.

2 xidative addition to the Cu(I) center as the rate determining step.

3 olymer phosphonate ester by a monomer as the rate-determining step.

4 cleavage of the C-H bond takes place in the rate-determining step.

5 nd scission and that C2 deprotonation is the rate-determining step.

6 nation from this position is involved in the rate-determining step.

7 via a single electron transfer (SET) as the rate-determining step.

8 ))(2) --> E1 + 2K(+) transition is the major rate-determining step.

9 alkyne into the rhodium-thiolate bond is the rate-determining step.

10 The ene reaction of two alkynes is the rate-determining step.

11 The alkene insertion is the rate-determining step.

12 e N-N bond of 1 by the Cu(I) catalyst is the rate-determining step.

13 higher free energy reaction barrier for the rate-determining step.

14 than the overall cycle rate, and thus not a rate-determining step.

15 tic studies suggest that C-H cleavage is the rate-determining step.

16 pared with GES-1, and no longer has a single rate-determining step.

17 ere it requires lower energy to initiate the rate-determining step.

18 to the heterolytic C-H bond cleavage as the rate-determining step.

19 alogously to solvent as general acids in the rate-determining step.

20 ron transfer in the initial oxidation as the rate-determining step.

21 hat the cleavage of the leaving group is the rate-determining step.

22 H bond cleavage is irreversible, but not the rate-determining step.

23 ar proton transfer to the double bond in the rate-determining step.

24 all ATPase cycle rate, thus assigned to be a rate-determining step.

25 ng the involvement of a hydrogen atom in the rate-determining step.

26 er than the overall cycling rate, thus not a rate-determining step.

27 bs = 0.996) points to attack of water as the rate-determining step.

28 fonamide on the Pt-coordinated olefin is the rate-determining step.

29 the association rate indicate a second-order rate-determining step.

30 lso support the formation of benzoate as the rate-determining step.

31 oxidation and conformational folding-coupled rate-determining step.

32 studies revealed C-H bond activation as the rate-determining step.

33 ediate with ammonia elimination as the major rate-determining step.

34 lower than dimerization and is, in fact, the rate-determining step.

35 hydroxide and a full negative charge in the rate-determining step.

36 ng the N-N bond of N2O during a bimolecular, rate-determining step.

37 bimetallic Ni(III) to generate ethane as the rate-determining step.

38 are thought to involve C-H activation as the rate-determining step.

39 to the apo-[4Fe-4S] enzyme, well before the rate-determining step.

40 ond cleavage, which has been found to be the rate-determining step.

41 uired to reorient the peroxyl radical at the rate-determining step.

42 om an ammonium nitronate intermediate as the rate-determining step.

43 triple bond, which is generally considered a rate-determining step.

44 cal disproportionation reaction (RRD) as the rate-determining step.

45 ween cerium cations and hydroxyl ions is the rate-determining step.

46 rly 2 implicates O-H(D) bond breaking in the rate-determining step.

47 tion, our data show that it is not a primary rate-determining step.

48 at undergoes a charge rearrangement in KSI's rate-determining step.

49 found to reduce the reaction barrier of the rate-determining step.

50 to the carbonyl of the lactone moiety is the rate-determining step.

51 est that hydrogen abstraction is engaged the rate-determining step.

52 H bonds are simultaneously broken during the rate-determining step.

53 he rearrangement of disulfide bonds as their rate-determining steps.

54 at nucleophilic bond formation occurs in the rate-determining step ((18)k(nuc) = 1.0326 +/- 0.0008).

55 that the C2-H bond of IPP is cleaved in the rate determining step and that general acid/base catalys

56 hanced to the extent that step 1 becomes the rate determining step and the [3Fe-4S]1+ intermediate is

57 the experimentally observed barrier for the rate-determining step and its pH dependence.

58 Product release is the rate-determining step and largely determines k(cat).

59 tein reorganization at the interface was the rate-determining step and not diffusion to the interface

60 rming the three-stranded coiled coil, is the rate-determining step and results in an intermediate sta

61 iodine provide mechanistic insight into the rate-determining step and the oxidation state of Pd in t

62 sfer from the catalyst to the alcohol as the rate-determining step, and carbonate anion serving as th

63 inear free energy relationships for a single rate-determining step, and substantial differences in ki

64 carbene ejection and trapping by H(2) is the rate-determining step, and the barrier parallels that fo

65 The methyl transfer is the rate-determining step, and the obtained free energy barr

66 ate along a reaction coordinate, a switch of rate-determining step, and the possible turning of a tra

67 ithin the eight-membered metallacycle in the rate-determining step as a function of the steric demand

68 cs, with a sigmoid component for a change of rate determining step, as did the refolding kinetics.

69 ng and leaving ligands to the Au core in the rate-determining step, as in an associative mechanism.

70 itial step in the catalytic process, and the rate-determining step at high acid concentrations appear

71 0-nm-sized particles of LiMn2 O4 reveals the rate-determining step at high overpotentials to be the t

72 more thermostable enzyme and a change in the rate-determining step at low temperature.

73 vealed that the hydride transfer step is the rate-determining step at the physiological temperature o

74 Thus a major rate-determining step becomes the direct conversion of a

75 anism for fragmentation with a change in the rate-determining step between the two series.

76 Modulations of the rate-determining step, by variation of the concentration

77 The post-rate-determining step, C-H bond activation of pyridine,

78 The results suggest that the rate-determining step can be changed from a physical ste

79 echanistic studies have established that the rate-determining step can vary with the structure of the

80 ve been conducted, they demonstrate that the rate-determining step changes as a function of pH, from

81 ninase from Pseudomonas fluorescens, and the rate-determining step changes from release of the second

82 The rate-determining step changes with the conditions, but t

83 approximately 130 mV per decade points to a rate-determining step comprised of water dissociation an

84 using isotopic substitution reveal that the rate determining step en route to dienone is enol/enolat

85 and substrate consumption, consistent with a rate-determining step following metal ion chelation.

86 analysis suggests reductive CO coupling as a rate determining step for C2 products, while n-propanol

87 accelerates the rate of heme reduction (the rate determining step for overall catalysis) by 200-fold

88 The last step is the rate determining step for the generation of the zinc bou

89 the gem-diol intermediate, which is also the rate determining step for the overall yCD-catalyzed deam

90 ement of TFE by a C-H bond appears to be the rate-determining step for all three substrates; comparis

91 This suggests that there is a change in rate-determining step for benzoate formation with differ

92 galactopyranoside causes (1) a change in the rate-determining step for beta-galactosidase-catalyzed s

93 data implicate reductive elimination as the rate-determining step for both monomers.

94 0 degrees C the hydride transfer step is the rate-determining step for both rate constants.

95 Overall, the rate-determining step for both the correct and the incor

96 dependence that results from a change in the rate-determining step for charge recombination from radi

97 analysis) experiments demonstrates that the rate-determining step for CO formation is the conversion

98 s ranging from micro- to millimolar, and the rate-determining step for conversion of E(Aex1) to E(A-A

99 selenoxide rearrangements indicates that the rate-determining step for cross-linking is after methide

100 The QM formation is the rate-determining step for DNA cross-linking.

101 om beta-galactosidase causes a change in the rate-determining step for enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of

102 irming that the mutation had not altered the rate-determining step for ET and that this was still a t

103 ction at a C2'-endo nucleotide comprises the rate-determining step for folding an entire 154 nucleoti

104 n degradation from the native 3' end, is the rate-determining step for mRNA decay.

105 The identity of the rate-determining step for the ( S)-HPP and ( R)-HPP reac

106 cating the absence of proton transfer in the rate-determining step for the association of thrombin wi

107 quitin-mediated degradation of CDC-25.1 is a rate-determining step for the E (gut) and P(3) (muscle a

108 ents was used to elucidate the mechanism and rate-determining step for the reductive elimination proc

109 The rate-determining step for these cascades is typically th

110 udies suggest that oxidative addition is the rate-determining step for this process.

111 exachloroplatinate(IV), suggesting a similar rate-determining step for those reactions.

112 As with other class II aaRSs, the rate-determining step for ThrRS is amino acid activation

113 The results indicate new rate-determining steps for both phases.

114 A difference between the rate-determining steps for decomposition of the two clas

115 zed in terms of different resting states and rate-determining steps for each carbonylation reaction.

116 ive to chromosomal position effects than the rate-determining steps for gene targeting.

117 In the transition states in the rate-determining steps for the two pathways, carbon-oxyg

118 The rate-determining steps for these two reactions correspon

119 KIE of 1.0215 +/- 0.0005 strongly supports a rate-determining step formation of an Fe(IV) O species,

120 give rise to faster rates and a shift of the rate-determining step from hydrogen transfer to amine co

121 ed study of the physical half-process in the rate-determining step from its chemical counterpart.

122 ds by a stepwise mechanism, with a change in rate-determining step from proton transfer to the loss o

123 is indicates that the C-H bond formed in the rate-determining step has a bond dissociation free energ

124 us-dinitrosyl by the proximal FMNH(2) in the rate-determining step have been proposed.

125 calculated E(a) value (23.3 kcal/mol) in the rate-determining step, i.e., the homolysis of I2k, agree

126 w samples significantly, indicating that the rate determining step in extraction for these compounds

127 annotation and publication could become the rate determining step in structure determination.

128 urst in DMAPP formation, suggesting that the rate determining step in the forward direction (IPP to D

129 The rate determining step in the oxygen exchange is the form

130 high energy, and is proven by the change in rate determining step in the unfolding kinetics to be on

131 The change in rate determining step in unfolding with structure or env

132 tly reduces the activation enthalpies of the rate determining steps in reference to the oxygenated sy

133 ard the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the rate-determining step in a proton-exchange membrane fuel

134 ss I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), the rate-determining step in aminoacylation is the dissociat

135 Our calculations suggest that the rate-determining step in both cases consists of a C-C co

136 olving both the reductase and oxygenase, the rate-determining step in catalysis is the dissociation o

137 ation of reductase, which ultimately slows a rate-determining step in cholesterol synthesis.

138 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the rate-determining step in de novo lipogenesis and plays a

139 and 3.6(4) for OsO4(OH)-, indicates that the rate-determining step in each case involves H-H bond cle

140 implicating cleavage of the N-C bond as the rate-determining step in film growth.

141 monotonously with acyl chain length, is the rate-determining step in iPLAbeta-mediated hydrolysis of

142 tion, establish the first H2 addition as the rate-determining step in N2 hydrogenation.

143 , and limits its potential to accelerate the rate-determining step in oxidative regeneration.

144 the impact of PDI and its subdomains on the rate-determining step in ribonuclease A folding and on t

145 ical rearrangement and that this step is the rate-determining step in substrate radical decay.

146 Product release is the rate-determining step in the arene syn-dihydroxylation r

147 te (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the rate-determining step in the biosynthesis of polyamines.

148 n of a doubly protonated intermediate as the rate-determining step in the carbocation-mediated cis to

149 This attack is the rate-determining step in the catalytic cycle and has cha

150 lutarate.taurine complexes; and (4) that the rate-determining step in the catalytic cycle is release

151 The rate-determining step in the catalytic cycle of E. coli

152 The usual rate-determining step in the catalytic mechanism of the

153 etalation or reductive elimination being the rate-determining step in the coupling process.

154 e we show that negative cooperativity in the rate-determining step in the E1 component of the Escheri

155 ns for such profound effects as shifting the rate-determining step in the electrocatalytic reduction

156 the acyl-enzyme intermediate appears to be a rate-determining step in the hydrolysis of JH by MsJHE.

157 The data are consistent with the rate-determining step in the hydrophobic collapse of the

158 actor and steroid-binding site can alter the rate-determining step in the NADP(+)-dependent oxidation

159 yribonucleoside kinases (dNKs) carry out the rate-determining step in the nucleoside salvage pathway

160 lubilized by apoA-I; apparently, this is the rate-determining step in the overall ABCA1-mediated cell

161 through the polymer shell is found to be the rate-determining step in the overall process.

162 ison with steady state data reveals that the rate-determining step in the overall reaction, conversio

163 iates, where the initial chlorination is the rate-determining step in the overall sequence of reactio

164 The rate-determining step in the overall turnover of the bc(

165 The rate-determining step in the oxidative regeneration path

166 This is the rate-determining step in the reaction cycle and is follo

167 n of the pyruvate-ketimine intermediate, the rate-determining step in the reaction of beta-benzoyl-L-

168 substrates were identified according to the rate-determining step in the reaction.

169 -95] intermediate over des [65-72] after the rate-determining step in the regeneration process.

170 uous (13)C NMR-based assay revealed that the rate-determining step in the Staudinger ligation of glyc

171 1, is approximately 10 times faster than the rate-determining step in the steady state (kcat = 0.1 s-

172 ctroscopy leading to the conclusion that the rate-determining step in the stereomutation of such pipe

173 This H atom transfer reaction is the rate-determining step in the tocopherol-mediated peroxid

174 suggest lysosomal integrity as a significant rate-determining step in the transmission of alpha-syn p

175 ne beta-synthase (dCBS), which catalyzes the rate-determining step in the TSP, is a positive regulato

176 rpsT P1, yfcZ, and ydfG--to characterize the rate-determining step in their degradation.

177 The rate-determining step in these reactions is the uptake o

178 To identify the rate-determining step in this physiologically important

179 dative addition of an O-H bond in H2O is the rate-determining step in this reaction.

180 Kinetic studies reveal that the rate-determining step in this S(N)1 pathway is the catal

181 em-diamine) to give the final product is the rate-determining step in this system.

182 he least homologous, and its cleavage is the rate-determining step in viral maturation.

183 ensitive trends, we disentangle the separate rate-determining steps in each particle across the very

184 ying TL conformational changes as one of two rate-determining steps in elongation.

185 sic CKIE of 1.051 and suggests two partially rate-determining steps in the decarboxylation of 1: tran

186 hat both modestly accelerate (3-10-fold) the rate-determining steps in the HscA reaction cycle, k(hyd

187 for separate first-irreversible and overall rate-determining steps in the hydration reaction, with t

188 the hydride delivery to the substrate is the rate-determining step inside the capsule.

189 ion, effectively ruling out one in which the rate-determining step involves electrophilic addition to

190 A mechanism is proposed in which the rate-determining step involves the activation of insulin

191 The second transition state, the rate-determining step, involves breaking of the exocycli

192 r) = +14.1 cm(3) mol(-1)), consistent with a rate-determining step involving movement of the Leu 16 r

193 g hydrogen atom abstraction is the principle rate-determining step, involving a tunneling mechanism f

194 The rate-determining step is a direct "Baeyer-Villiger" type

195 (typical assay conditions), reveal that the rate-determining step is a physical step prior to rapid

196 his enthalpy difference, suggesting that the rate-determining step is associated either with the mobi

197 The rate-determining step is bond formation at the alkyne te

198 In the absence of ligand, the rate-determining step is dominated by the formation of l

199 The rate-determining step is generally accepted to be hydrog

200 The rate-determining step is generally accepted to be hydrog

201 minary mechanistic studies indicate that the rate-determining step is not C-H bond cleavage but are i

202 tic species involved in the polymerization's rate-determining step is not coordinated to pyridine.

203 s the reduction, even though the strain-free rate-determining step is orthogonal to the pulling direc

204 intermediate prior to the loss of O2 in the rate-determining step is proposed.

205 The barrier of the rate-determining step is raised as the number of fluorin

206 y barrier (18.8 kcal/mol) calculated for the rate-determining step is reasonably close to the experim

207 We have determined that the rate-determining step is second order in aldehyde and fi

208 are consistent with a mechanism in which the rate-determining step is the addition of electrochemical

209 Through calculating energy barriers, the rate-determining step is the displacive transition.

210 ugh a birth and spread process, in which the rate-determining step is the formation on the surface of

211 The rate-determining step is the hydrophosphination with an

212 Directly following this rate-determining step is the intramolecular syn-beta-eli

213 the concentration of HOBt, showing that the rate-determining step is the reaction between the carbox

214 n of the resulting fatty acids to aldehydes (rate-determining step) is uniquely catalyzed via two par

215 Although PPi release is the rate-determining step, it is not the specificity-determi

216 um, the alpha-hydrogen abstraction to be the rate-determining step (KIE for 2/2-d(3) conversion to 3/

217 the formation of alpha-chloroglycine is the rate-determining step likely proceeding through the form

218 Moreover, the rate determining step of nitrate reduction (reduction to

219 he Ru-O2 complex plays a crucial role in the rate determining step of the catalytic cycle, but the ex

220 dramatically slow tetramer dissociation (the rate-determining step of amyloidogenesis) over a duratio

221 nd catalytic activity, establishing that the rate-determining step of catalysis is the intermolecular

222 e that solvent proton donation occurs in the rate-determining step of dead time intermediate decay an

223 The rate-determining step of ethanol photocatalytic oxidatio

224 nstrates that no protons are involved in the rate-determining step of Fe(IV)-oxo formation, in contra

225 e-turnover kinetic analysis reveals that the rate-determining step of FEN1 switches as a function of

226 It is likely, therefore, that the rate-determining step of inactivation is the initial acy

227 ning enzyme, which catalyzes the initial and rate-determining step of l-tryptophan (l-Trp) metabolism

228 ning enzyme, which catalyzes the initial and rate-determining step of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) metabolism

229 ning enzyme, which catalyzes the initial and rate-determining step of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) metabolism

230 hat endonucleolytic cleavage is the initial, rate-determining step of mRNA decay in Escherichia coli

231 Ir.POM(8-) yield the transition state of the rate-determining step of nucleation.

232 a2 suggested that as the pH is elevated, the rate-determining step of RNR can be altered from a confo

233 -tryptophan to 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan in the rate-determining step of serotonin biosynthesis.

234 ect k(cat) more than K(d) by influencing the rate-determining step of steroid oxidation.

235 The rate-determining step of the activated complex is the tr

236 ral acid-catalyzed elimination as the likely rate-determining step of the addition-elimination hydrol

237 The rate-determining step of the asymmetric cycle is the rel

238 All of the results suggest that the rate-determining step of the BChE-catalyzed hydrolysis o

239 A bimetallic Co species is invoked in the rate-determining step of the catalysis according to kine

240 mediates, which appear to be involved in the rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle.

241 nds and is similar to the time scale for the rate-determining step of the catalytic reaction.

242 plex on the reaction pathway just before the rate-determining step of the concerted pathway and a SET

243 l results show that C-H bond cleavage is the rate-determining step of the current borylation reaction

244 er of 21.5 kcal/mol and is suggested to be a rate-determining step of the entire GPx-catalyzed reacti

245 Studies also show that the rate-determining step of the fluoronium forming SN1 reac

246 rrupts the sigmatropic shift and changes the rate-determining step of the interrupted cascade from th

247 f the two allenes, which was found to be the rate-determining step of the overall reaction.

248 The rate-determining step of the oxidative half-reaction was

249 and UV spectroscopy and determined that the rate-determining step of the process is formation of a S

250 Solvent effects (a) change the rate-determining step of the reaction 2 + PN from NO(2)(

251 ific experiments allowed us to establish the rate-determining step of the reaction and to advance a r

252 topped-flow kinetic studies suggest that the rate-determining step of the reaction is likely to be th

253 13C kinetic isotope analysis showed that the rate-determining step of the reaction is the aldolizatio

254 he Pd(II) center in this intermediate is the rate-determining step of the reaction.

255 an intermediate with C-Cl bond, acts as the rate-determining step of the reaction.

256 on of the arylpalladium intermediate, is the rate-determining step of the reaction.

257 this carbon-hydrogen bond is involved in the rate-determining step of the reaction.

258 ize the molecular mechanism of the first and rate-determining step of the splicing process (i.e., the

259 rnover nuclease assays, we have assigned the rate-determining step of the steady state nuclease react

260 release precedes the release of Pi, and the rate-determining step of the symmetric cycle becomes the

261 The catalytic rate-determining step of these enzymes can no longer be

262 rization and hydrolysis, suggesting that the rate-determining step of these processes involves breaki

263 ep of the ring opening of the epoxide is the rate-determining step of these reactions.

264 The correlations indicate that the rate-determining step of this reaction is a nucleophilic

265 The Gibbs activation energies of the rate-determining steps of each mechanism were defined.

266 Post-rate-determining steps of the P(4) activation process we

267 In contrast to YibK, a change in the rate-determining step on the unfolding pathway for YbeA

268 lly, LiCl was found to have no effect on the rate-determining step or molecular weight distribution i

269 fate anion [EtSO(4)](-) demonstrate that the rate determining step (RDS) is second order in aldehyde,

270 arrier of DeltaG(double dagger)=0.43 eV, the rate determining step (RDS).

271 For AA, there are multiple rate determining steps (RDS) at both high and low temper

272 hat O-O bond heterolysis is likely to be the rate-determining step (RDS) at the mass transfer limited

273 y-Rideal (ER) mechanism using H2O + e(-) The rate-determining step (RDS) is C-C coupling of two CO, w

274 udies of six alkyne subtypes reveal that the rate-determining step (RDS) of an aromatic ynamine class

275 ng the involvement of N-H bond-breaking in a rate-determining step (RDS) which is not ring-closure.

276 The rate-determining step(s) in these reactions is most like

277 nt series of complexes, which have different rate-determining steps, suggests that this finding does

278 d at low pressure (1 x 10(-10) mbar), so the rate-determining step switches from being the carbonyl r

279 GB slows the rate-determining step that converts I(1) to the second k

280 These isotope effects are consistent with a rate-determining step that occurs prior to breaking eith

281 pe enzyme where chemistry is faster than the rate-determining step that precedes it.

282 ted to succinimide by two pathways and three rate-determining steps that shift in relative importance

283 hows that all reactions proceed via a common rate-determining step, the nucleophilic attack of 3-5 at

284 lacycle-forming oxidative cyclization as the rate-determining step, this study illustrates that the c

285 o lattice in the Co-NGC structure is a vital rate-determining step to achieve excellent bifunctional

286 l and DeltaS = -2(3) cal/mol.K, and the post-rate-determining step to be C-H bond activation of benze

287 The rate-determining step to methane and ethylene formation

288 e protease upon completion of folding is the rate-determining step to protease maturation and, (ii) I

289 lf the oxidant but decays via a unimolecular rate-determining step to unmask a powerful oxidant.

290 ticular interest, not only because it is the rate-determining step toward fiber formation but also be

291 g unimolecular silyl loss or C-O cleavage as rate-determining steps toward carbide formation.

292 of the tetrahydrofolate (THF) product is the rate-determining step under physiological conditions and

293 more than 2 log units), suggesting that the rate-determining step was either altered or slowed signi

294 This indicated that the rate-determining step was reductive elimination from the

295 The rate-determining step was shown to be ATP hydrolysis and

296 , in contrast to L-kynurenine, for which the rate-determining step was shown to be deprotonation of t

297 law as well as activation parameters for the rate-determining step were derived and complemented by a

298 on from their unstructured precursors in the rate-determining step, were found to be higher than thos

299 -type enzyme, proton abstraction was not the rate determining step, whereas in the case of the E182A

300 4-O-5 ether bonds, C-O bond cleavage is the rate-determining step, with the reactants competing with