ライフサイエンスコーパス: reduction potential

1 s a small DeltaEm of +18 mV on the Mo(VI/IV) reduction potential.

2 c) and is generally thought to increase the reduction potential.

3 flux/emission were assessed to estimate CH4 reduction potential.

4 ated T cells, consistent with their measured reduction potential.

5 a reducing agent because of its low standard reduction potential.

6 hiol metabolites and the buildup of cellular reduction potential.

7 bstituents and the least negative Co(III/II) reduction potential.

8 substitution is used to tune the nanocrystal reduction potential.

9 and final steps of the mechanism on the heme reduction potential.

10 t oxidation potential and the least negative reduction potential.

11 elucidate the contributions to the increased reduction potential.

12 stidine is hydrogen-bonded to N2, tuning its reduction potential.

13 ompound II pKa in diminishing the compound I reduction potential.

14 e yellow to dark blue electrochromism at low reduction potentials.

15 VIEs), reorganization energies, and standard reduction potentials.

16 ive sites are generally found to lower their reduction potentials.

17 irectly to the quantum chemically calculated reduction potentials.

18 y, in good agreement with the order of their reduction potentials.

19 evant properties, such as bond strengths and reduction potentials.

20 proton) exhibit relatively positive Fe(II/I) reduction potentials.

21 ant activity is in close relation with their reduction potentials.

22 y influence solubility properties as well as reduction potentials.

23 lationship between spin state energetics and reduction potentials.

24 he Fe(IV) and Ce(IV) centers have comparable reduction potentials.

25 on potentials, pKa values, and 2 e(-)/2 H(+) reduction potentials.

26 elation between the 1 e(-) and 2 e(-)/2 H(+) reduction potentials.

27 tate reactivity model, and 2) the Mn(III/IV) reduction potentials.

28 tematically varying pH (5.0 to 8.0), applied reduction potentials (-0.53 to -0.17 V vs SHE), and Fe(2

29 tials are expected to be high, we find a low reduction potential, 0.38 V (vs Normal Hydrogen Electrod

30 idyl complexes, and impressive excited-state reduction potentials ((1)E(-/)* = 1.59 V; (3)E(-/)* = 1.

31 al calculations that predict a very negative reduction potential (-1.37 V vs SCE) for the formation o

32 ty of the abiotic FnY pKa's (6.4 to 7.8) and reduction potentials (-30 to +130 mV relative to Y at pH

33 an activity that is attributable to the high reduction potential (354 mV vs SHE) of the copper site.

34 ed with analogous nonaqueous solvents with a reduction potential 450 mV positive of onset and 90% Far

35 translated into an estimated radiation dose reduction potential (+/-95% confidence interval) of 16%

36 these factors can lead to a 200 mV shift in reduction potential across these peptides, which is dete

37 terized by a peroxidatic (called L, for "low reduction potential") active site heme and a secondary h

38 for both minerals), indicating that the clay reduction potential also influences its reactivity.

39 unds demonstrate a linear dependence between reduction potential and acidity with a slope of approxim

40 ndialdehyde levels demonstrating substantial reduction potential and blunted proinflammatory molecula

41 The reduction potential and capacity of various polycyclic a

42 = -1.22 V versus Fc/Fc(+) (E(0)(f) = formal reduction potential and Fc = ferrocene).

43 encing the Cu site directly by adjusting its reduction potential and geometry.

44 f phenyl groups about the fulvene raised the reduction potential and helped to stabilize the electroc

45 aterial displays a particularly high initial reduction potential and is further stable for at least 5

46 igh volumetric energy density, high negative reduction potential and natural abundance.

47 om the reduction of ZnO is a function of the reduction potential and presents a sigmoidal curve that

48 s tuning of important properties such as the reduction potential and solubility by adding functional

49 in a linear free energy relationship between reduction potential and the Hammett substituent constant

50 There was a strong correlation between reduction potential and the quantity of 4-ClNB reduced b

51 s with a wide range of excited triplet state reduction potentials and CDOM oxidized TMPD at near diff

52 Reduction potentials and free energy barriers calculated

53 Additionally, the reduction potentials and pK(a) values are linearly corre

54 In this work, the reduction potentials and pK(a) values associated with th

55 tions revealed a linear relation between the reduction potentials and pK(a) values with respect to th

56 linear correlations enable the prediction of reduction potentials and pK(a) values, and thus the free

57 Computational methods for calculating reduction potentials and pKa's for molecular electrocata

58 ew synthetic method that avoids incompatible reduction potentials and rates would be critical to grow

59 orial ligands were observed to exhibit lower reduction potentials and slower reduction rates than ana

60 In all cases, the reduction potentials and the calculated LUMO-positions a

61 tion analyses of CB1190 abundance, oxidation-reduction potential, and dissolved oxygen measurements i

62 eversibility without dendrite formation, low reduction potentials, and high specific capacities.

63 ation equilibria, copper binding affinities, reduction potentials, and nitrite reductase activities o

64 rly identical effective conjugation lengths, reduction potentials, and pi* orbital energies and deloc

65 al [4Fe-4S] cluster is shown to have a lower reduction potential ( approximately <-450 mV) than the o

66 cient n-doping of host semiconductors, whose reduction potentials are beyond the thermodynamic reach

67 Although Mn(III)/Mn(II) and Mn(IV)/Mn(III) reduction potentials are expected to be high, we find a

68 Questions remain as to what the reduction potentials are from a life cycle perspective a

69 The quantum chemically calculated reduction potentials are in excellent agreement with exp

70 ation resolved the tetrathionate/thiosulfate reduction potential as +198 +/- 4 mV versus SHE.

71 ms expected to experience swings in cellular reduction potential as they switch between aerobic condi

72 p blue LED source, can exhibit excited-state reduction potentials as high as 3 V and can participate

73 site heme and a secondary heme (H, for "high reduction potential") associated with electron transfer,

74 tion correlated well with the standard state reduction potential at pH 7.0 (E degrees 'H) of all of t

75 on published values of the nonstandard state reduction potentials at pH 7.0 (E'H) showed that the abi

76 All triads show reduction potentials at similar or less negative potenti

77 Dose reduction potentials based on both reading sessions were

78 rature for contaminants and relative mineral reduction potentials based on ECRP measurements, qualita

79 ation is proposed to decrease the Mn(III/II) reduction potential below that of type 1 Cu(II/I) by for

80 esium or rubidium ions) exhibit an effective reduction potential below the standard reduction potenti

81 this Mn catalyst operates at a lower applied reduction potential but requires the presence of a weak

82 hienylethene bridge affects the triarylboron reduction potential, but not the triarylamine oxidation

83 the first Glu (V68E), which lowered the heme reduction potential by approximately 110 mV, the second

84 e primary coordination sphere and tuning its reduction potential by deleting a hydrogen bond in the s

85 energy light and possess lower oxidation and reduction potentials compared to their pyrrolic analogue

86 ated in terms of metal chelate size, charge, reduction potential, coordination unsaturation, and core

87 ve been determined and evaluated in terms of reduction potential, coordination unsaturation, and over

88 opulation and biochemical parameters, as the reduction potential, could be envisaged.

89 ies vary over three orders of magnitude with reduction potentials covering approximately 250 mV, whic

90 quivalent nitro groups were identified whose reduction potential depends upon their respective locati

91 Reduction potentials determined from equilibria mirrored

92 afforded an estimate of the chlorine formal reduction potential E degrees (Cl(*/-)) = 1.87 V vs NHE

93 The pH dependence of the reduction potential E degrees for a metalloprotein indic

94 ion provided an estimate of the Br(*) formal reduction potential E(Br(*)/Br(-)) = 1.22 V vs SCE in ac

95 A reliable estimate for the normal reduction potential E(o) is derived for the electrochemi

96 The reduction potential (E degrees ') is a critical paramete

97 While heme reduction potential (E degrees ') of different HCO types

98 , methods by which the enzyme fine-tunes the reduction potential (E degrees ) of its active site and

99 y changing either the pKa of the base or the reduction potential (E degrees ) of the oxidant.

100 derscore the importance of the excited-state reduction potential (E(-/*)) parameter as a general desi

101 that altered the observed apparent standard reduction potential (E(H)(o)) of structural Fe.

102 In addition, we show that the heme reduction potential (E(m)(0)) has a regulatory role in c

103 nation of equilibrium protein disulfide bond reduction potentials (E degrees ') by isotope-coded cyst

104 as allowed the first determination of formal reduction potentials (E degrees ') for a Y residing with

105 The reduction of metal sites with low reduction potentials (E(0') < -500 mV) is possible by co

106 The reduction potentials (E(0)) of type 1 (T1) or blue coppe

107 A very strong correlation between reduction potentials (E(red)) of the oxidant and reactio

108 le model and is used to determine the formal reduction potential, E(0)'.We observed that E(0)' is a s

109 the metal which has the most positive formal reduction potential, E(0), or exhaustively deplete it fr

110 A module for fast determination of reduction potentials, E degrees , of redox-active protei

111 tation and the experimental (and calculated) reduction potential (E1/2) of complexes 1, 3, and 5, the

112 Electrochemical studies reveal that the reduction potentials (E1/2) span a window of 500 mV and

113 dynamic CRPs were developed to determine the reduction potentials (ECRP) of suspended minerals by spe

114 esults were in agreement with changes in the reduction potential (EH) of the Fe(III) oxide/Fe(II)aq r

115 Measuring the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) requires an interface that is n

116 We measured reduction potential (EH) values in solutions containing

117 ay-Fe(II) in the clay minerals and different reduction potentials (Eh) of the clay minerals.

118 ons to fundamental redox properties, such as reduction potentials (EH).

119 This analysis yielded standard reduction potential (EH0) values of 768 +/- 1 mV for the

120 Molecular tuning of reduction potentials enabled the extent of hole transfer

121 low pKR+ values (pKR+ < 5) and less negative reduction potentials (Ered > -0.5 V).

122 These derivatives, with reduction potentials favorable for electron transfer, ca

123 tent with the more favorable electrochemical reduction potential for PDIs in the quadruplex relative

124 The estimated reduction potential for the [W(CNIph)6](+)/*W couple is

125 Optimal activity was observed when the reduction potential for the metal center was poised betw

126 inactivation of sACE-1 was observed when the reduction potential for the metal center was poised near

127 clusters and the active site H-cluster, and reduction potentials for each cluster were determined.

128 for this reaction (log(k)) and one-electron reduction potentials for the NAC (E1NAC) normalized to 0

129 This method relies on the different reduction potentials for the various nitroaromatic isome

130 ant contribution to the observed decrease in reduction potential found experimentally in DNA repair p

131 or homocysteine resulted in lowering of the reduction potential from 222 mV in the native azurin to

132 action pairs, the enzyme exhibits a distinct reduction-potential gradient along the same aromatic res

133 t effects on the 1 e(-) versus 2 e(-)/2 H(+) reduction potentials, have important implications for de

134 air of electrons is acquired at intermediate reduction potential (i.e. intermediate reducing power),

135 Cu(1.97)S (djurleite) through adjusting the reduction potential in the sonoelectrochemical method, a

136 on of the heme, is facilitated by the higher reduction potential in the substrate-bound enzyme and th

137 ctron-reduced D(0) species with experimental reduction potentials in acetonitrile has been expanded t

138 oach to determine "effective" biogeochemical reduction potentials in heterogeneous iron systems.

139 Regions with high reduction potential include India, Bangladesh, western E

140 r the discrepancy in calculated and observed reduction potentials, including surface adsorption of py

141 Global maps of CO(2) reduction potential indicate that Botswana and Gobi in M

142 ought about by mutagenesis, while changes to reduction potentials, inter-domain electron transfer rat

143 proteins remains a challenge due to the high reduction potentials involved and the reactive nature of

144 The medial [3Fe-4S](+/0) reduction potential is exceptionally high, implicating a

145 asured, and the effect of protonation on the reduction potential is in good agreement to that observe

146 ique property of Rieske proteins is that the reduction potential is pH-dependent.

147 Despite its low reduction potential, it remains competent to oxidize Fe(

148 o, comparisons of [(L)Cu(II/I)](n+) compound reduction potentials (L = various N4 vs (DMA)N3S ligands

149 e state-of-play regarding expression of high reduction potential laccases in heterologous hosts, and

150 We also discuss how changes in the oxidation/reduction potential may affect the function of proteins

151 s a "rack" mechanism for the 290 mV (vs NHE) reduction potential measured at neutral pH.

152 Comparison of ECRP with reduction potentials measured potentiometrically using a

153 iation we reported for the first time robust reduction potential measurements of reactive iron specie

154 Using a combination of kinetic and reduction potential measurements, we present evidence sh

155 ree basic chemical parameters: metal complex reduction potential, metal ion availability, and adsorba

156 We introduce the Precipitation Reduction Potential midpoint impact representing the cha

157 h ascorbate, which makes the electrochemical reduction potential more negative and shifts the equilib

158 SmI2(H2O)n reacts with substrates that have reduction potentials more positive than -2.21 V vs SCE,

159 Because of its position and pH-dependent reduction potential, N2 has long been considered a candi

160 ate cases, where the electron acceptor has a reduction potential near the oxidation potential of KOtB

161 Calculated one-electron reduction potentials, nonaqueous pKa's, reaction free en

162 onates the N-heterocycles that reduces their reduction potentials notably and on the other hand it ac

163 based dopant CN6-CP studied herein, with its reduction potential of +0.8 versus Fc/Fc+ and the lowest

164 capacity of lithium metal and has a negative reduction potential of -2.37 V vs. the standard hydrogen

165 ile solution with an estimated excited-state reduction potential of -3.45 V versus Cp2Fe(0/+).

166 by optical and EPR spectroscopies; it has a reduction potential of -370 mV vs the standard hydrogen

167 This stability and modest reduction potential of 0.99 V vs NHE is in part attribut

168 Despite having a similar reduction potential of 43-44% in 2100, the two types of

169 and 5H(2-) differ by about 4 units, and the reduction potential of 5H(-) is shifted anodically by ab

170 fashion as a single ensemble with a standard reduction potential of 650 mV.

171 nt and remarkably high Fe(III)-OH/Fe(II)-OH2 reduction potential of 680 mV vs Ag/AgCl at pH 5.2.

172 Over the same time, the reduction potential of all three suspensions increased b

173 This provides a mechanism to tune down the reduction potential of blue copper sites by >200 mV.

174 We have determined the reduction potential of CcmE, which suggests that heme bo

175 raordinarily difficult because of the -1.9 V reduction potential of CO2.

176 x, correspondingly lowering the one-electron reduction potential of compound I, the active catalytic

177 In those states, the reduction potential of Cu increases, leading to the pres

178 veals that the energetic performance and GHG reduction potential of fast pyrolysis-derived fuels are

179 The metal ions alter the reduction potential of Fe4S4 in a favorable manner for p

180 Moreover, the risk reduction potential of foods was calculated by multiplyi

181 with external redox partners and lowers the reduction potential of heme.

182 ction for strong C-H bonds, while the higher reduction potential of HS Fe(III)-OOH allows it to be ac

183 y, each metric was used to estimate the dose reduction potential of IR algorithms while maintaining i

184 ctive reduction potential below the standard reduction potential of lithium ions.

185 Herein, we report the ability to tune the reduction potential of metal-free phenothiazine-based ph

186 the possible isomers; (ii) the one-electron reduction potential of MXY; (iii) the guanosine and aden

187 tentials less positive than the two-electron reduction potential of O2.

188 ity production drop dramatically, the damage reduction potential of plug-in vehicles remains small co

189 nd SAFIRE and to estimate the radiation dose reduction potential of SAFIRE.

190 he life cycle environmental consequences and reduction potential of segregating fattening pig urine a

191 In addition, the reduction potential of SelS was determined to be -234 mV

192 resembles HMPA in its ability to enhance the reduction potential of SmI2, and reactivity studies show

193 HMPA is known to increase the reduction potential of SmI2.

194 that there is no simple relation between the reduction potential of the active site and the catalytic

195 ligand is calculated to lower the Fe(III/II) reduction potential of the active site by more than 1 V

196 and subcellular location, we determined the reduction potential of the active site disulfide bond th

197 orrelation between the reaction rate and the reduction potential of the carbazole unit tethered to th

198 yl results in a positive shift of the formal reduction potential of the carbonyl couple.

199 bioreduced SWy-2 and NAu-2 correlated to the reduction potential of the clay (EH,clay, R2=0.95 for bo

200 ion of calcium in the OEC is to modulate the reduction potential of the cluster to allow electron tra

201 f NH groups leads to a positive shift in the reduction potential of the Co(I/0) couple, therefore dec

202 uggestions that the enzyme acts to lower the reduction potential of the Co(II)/Co(I) couple by elonga

203 ial of both junction electrodes approach the reduction potential of the diazonium terminal groups.

204 The low reduction potential of the distal [4Fe-4S] cluster therm

205 electrophiles is strongly influenced by the reduction potential of the electrophile, which is respon

206 ty of the linking blocks greatly affects the reduction potential of the Fe(4)S(4) cluster and the ele

207 ely weak Fe(II) exudate complexes alters the reduction potential of the Fe(III)-Fe(II) redox couple,

208 c high spin heme per subunit with a standard reduction potential of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple of -233

209 ame similar to lactoperoxidase, the standard reduction potential of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple shifted

210 of the redox intermediates, and the standard reduction potential of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple, and we

211 erall order of activity correlating with the reduction potential of the formally Fe(III) dimeric dian

212 e that halides can be used to (1) adjust the reduction potential of the gold ion species in solution

213 reach long simulation times, changes in the reduction potential of the heme Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) couple ind

214 ating liver lesions and to estimate the dose reduction potential of the IR algorithm in question.

215 esult of non-native binding or to an altered reduction potential of the iron-sulfur clusters, which w

216 state in addition to light, we measured the reduction potential of the LovK FMN cofactor.

217 een the two components resulting in a higher reduction potential of the POM.

218 constants, but FOWA was used to estimate the reduction potential of the previously undetected exo-pro

219 The reduction potential of the protein for low and high surf

220 ggested as the cause of a 285 mV increase in reduction potential of the rubredoxin domain of rubreryt

221 otein film electrochemistry that defines the reduction potential of the S4O6(2-)/S2O3(2-) couple.

222 4-N4-Ts)(OTf)2], which has the most positive reduction potential of the series.

223 osubstrate ATP, ACATs raise the Co(II)/Co(I) reduction potential of their cob(II)alamin [Co(II)Cbl] s

224 or 1,4-naphthoquinone, is carried out at the reduction potential of their first voltammetric peak, co

225 The reduction potential of this group is more positive than

226 The reduction potential of this variant (-96 +/- 7 mV versus

227 nificantly higher than the estimated average reduction potential of typical (3)CDOM* samples, these r

228 (F-Tyr) analogues that modulated the pKa and reduction potential of Y21 by 3.5 pH units and 200 mV, r

229 The experimentally determined reduction potential of YphP is E degrees' = -130 mV, sig

230 The reduction potential of ZnO NPs is a strong function of 1

231 Reduction potentials of 3-nitrotyrosinate (NO2YO(-))-mod

232 retically calculated electron affinities and reduction potentials of [-P-S-S-P-] and O2.

233 The reduction potentials of [M(C approximately N)(x)(N appro

234 ed out to probe the 1 e(-) and 2 e(-)/2 H(+) reduction potentials of a number of common quinones.

235 viologen (BV), which has one of the highest reduction potentials of all electron-donor organic compo

236 Agreement between half-cell reduction potentials of different redox couples provides

237 hat this is not due to a perturbation of the reduction potentials of either the heme or the molybdenu

238 rality of the above relationship between the reduction potentials of heterometallic oxido clusters an

239 ) suggest a general relationship between the reduction potentials of heterometallic oxido clusters an

240 e the geometry of ion pairing and allows the reduction potentials of molecules to be determined in th

241 In contrast, the formal reduction potentials of NDI derivatives in solution are

242 ue to its strong basicity coupled with large reduction potentials of nearby V(V) ions.

243 A method for predicting the ground state reduction potentials of organic molecules on the basis o

244 mino acid sites, although the unusually high reduction potentials of the adjacent Fe-S centers in thi

245 ials of the TTF unit in (a)-(c) and (ii) the reduction potentials of the CBPQT(4+) rings in (c).

246 and plays a critical role in determining the reduction potentials of the electrons transferred to the

247 f C60 in nonpolar solvents and increases the reduction potentials of the entrapped fullerene.

248 etween the deposited concentrations, and the reduction potentials of the fission product oxide specie

249 heir relative contributions, dictated by the reduction potentials of the flavin cofactor and the subs

250 The reduction potentials of the hemes are different and are

251 Reduction potentials of the proximal ([4Fe-3S](5+/4+/3+)

252 erties correlate with the differences in the reduction potentials of the respective Cu(II) centers.

253 The Ir(III/IV) reduction potentials of the two isomers differ by 340 mV

254 The reduction potentials of these clusters and other related

255 As a result, life-cycle GHG emission reduction potentials of these ethanol types, though stil

256 The origin of the dependence of the reduction potential on the surface concentration is inve

257 spin delocalization, and anodic shift of the reduction potential only for 1S .

258 rmal potential of the two standard oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) calibrants, ZoBell's and Light

259 organic carbon (TOC) amounts, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) displayed significant correlat

260 videnced by the parallel trends in oxidation-reduction potentials (ORP) and Tc dissolution kinetics.

261 ursors; SiCl4 and GeCl4 in an Ar flow with a reduction potential over -1.0 V (vs RHE).

262 in patients with a renal indication for dose reduction (potential overdosing) and use of a reduced do

263 ctron-accepting molecules with suitably high reduction potentials, particularly halocarbons.

264 5), with a ca. +200 mV shift observed in the reduction potential per C(6)F(5) group replaced.

265 134 different quinones, probing their 1 e(-) reduction potentials, pKa values, and 2 e(-)/2 H(+) redu

266 This tuning of the reduction potential provides a simple mechanism for regu

267 hydrogen bonds as reflected by the midpoint reduction potential, providing direct evidence that N-H.

268 Radiation dose reduction potential ranged from 56% to 60% and from 4% t

269 aturated hydrocarbons and alkyl halides with reduction potentials ranging from -1.6 to -3.4 V vs SCE.

270 s hypothesized that the temporal increase in reduction potential results from clay mineral dissolutio

271 e having spectroscopic characteristics and a reduction potential similar to those of PioC, is unable

272 The longer oligomers have reduction potentials similar to those reported for pyrid

273 Electrochemical studies reveal that the reduction potentials span a window of 700 mV and are dep

274 Para-quinones with high reduction potentials, such as DDQ and chloranil, are wid

275 at elevated temperatures, has a larger load reduction potential than manure storage (up to 4.6 log u

276 ic acid (DOTA) tetra(glycinate) has a higher reduction potential than most Eu(II) chelates reported t

277 le point of zero net current denotes the CO2 reduction potential that varies with pH according to the

278 The hemes have positive reduction potentials that allow downhill electron transf

279 Each of these complexes, with Co(III/II) reduction potentials that span nearly 400 mV, mediate hi

280 With a high specific capacity and a low reduction potential, the Li-metal anode has attracted ex

281 Owing to their low reduction potentials, the inexpensive organic dye eosin

282 With their broad optical absorption and low reduction potentials, these materials could be candidate

283 isulfide bond in cVIMP-Cys we determined the reduction potential to -200 mV, and showed it to be a go

284 s reduce emissions by 45 +/- 9% with further reduction potential to 2050.

285 Good correlations of reduction potentials to LUMO energies and oxidation pote

286 ctron or multielectron redox chemistry, with reduction potentials tunable via the quantum confinement

287 Shifts of the reduction potential upon changes in the hydration of the

288 ' rate constants correlate with one-electron reduction potential values of the NACs (EH,NAC1) accordi

289 of fluoride into the framework to raise the reduction potentials via an inductive effect.

290 s carried out by amperometry method in which reduction potential was fixed at -0.77 V vs. Ag/AgCl.

291 ge (V(OC)) higher by tailoring the fullerene reduction potential, we observe signatures of a new reco

292 Metal-chelate reduction potentials were determined and varied from -22

293 Thus, oxidation and reduction potentials were split by up to 210 mV, and mod

294 r quinones can operate at up to 800 mV lower reduction potential when present in type I reaction cent

295 sentially no effect on the overall Mo(VI/IV) reduction potential, whereas the H1163A and H1184A varia

296 a weaker influence of pyridines on the iron reduction potential, which may be the basis for the obse

297 the previously observed nonperiodic trend in reduction potentials, which display a sawtooth pattern a

298 has been fine-tuned to span a wide range of reduction potentials while leaving the metal binding sit

299 taking place on the catalyst at a favorable reduction potential with a superior current density and

300 hemical volatility driven by temperature and reduction potential within the vented reactors' primary