ライフサイエンスコーパス: refraction

1 including dilated fundoscopy and cycloplegic refraction.

2 = 20/30, improving to >20/30 with subjective refraction.

3 l acuities (UNVA), keratometry, and manifest refraction.

4 metric astigmatism, and spherical equivalent refraction.

5 arized light provides anisotropic indices of refraction.

6 corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and refraction.

7 education are associated with a more myopic refraction.

8 uence of these differences on the calculated refraction.

9 he mild/no ROP group showed little change in refraction.

10 was used as a quantitative measure of ocular refraction.

11 6 diopter shift between predicted and actual refraction.

12 eratomileusis (LASIK) with residual error of refraction.

13 as >/=+2.00 D right eye spherical equivalent refraction.

14 ity was associated with a 0.0004 more myopic refraction.

15 sting, stereoacuity testing, and cycloplegic refraction.

16 en the expected and the actual postoperative refraction.

17 capable of realizing near-perfect anomalous refraction.

18 y (UDVA) 20/200 not correcting with manifest refraction.

19 e in the less than 1.0-D range of the target refraction.

20 he geometric constraint due to the plasmonic refraction.

21 ontrolling for relatedness, age, gender, and refraction.

22 he observation of both positive and negative refraction.

23 t eyes), and the effects of age, gender, and refraction.

24 e refraction, and attempted predicted target refraction.

25 thickness also varied with age, gender, and refraction.

26 tions were compared with preoperative target refractions.

27 hod of undercorrection, and serial follow-up refractions.

28 The Haigis formula with target refraction -0.50 D was used.

29 Actual refraction 1 month after surgery was converted to spheri

30 s calculated by the software) and the actual refraction 1 month after surgery.

31 ated with a 0.003 diopter (D) more hyperopic refraction 1 month postoperatively, and an increase in 1

32 of the SRK/T formula in predicting a target refraction +/-1.0D in short and long eyes using ultrasou

33 bined with the Haigis formula set for target refraction -1.00 D produces acceptable results aiming fo

34 After refraction, 33% had VA >20/60 in their better eye and 33

35 eyes were within +/- 0.50 D of the predicted refraction, 85.7% were within +/- 1.00 D, and 100% withi

36 to describe the optical beam propagation and refraction across the interface of two metal-dielectric

37 l equivalent and prediction error (predicted refraction - actual refraction) was calculated.

38 By using the actual refraction after cataract surgery as target refraction,

39 of patients achieved within 1.0 D of target refraction after cataract surgery.

40 The MRSE relative to target refraction after final lock-in was within +/- 0.25 D in

41 in C for the correction of residual error of refraction after LASIK using the Pulzar 213 nm solid-sta

42 derwent a comprehensive eye examination with refraction, aided and unaided visual acuity (VA) at 6 m

43 r crystal) to demonstrate all angle negative refraction along with superior transmission.

44 miconductor junction are expected to undergo refraction, analogous to light rays across an optical bo

45 hod is capable of measuring the attenuation, refraction and (ultra-small-angle) X-ray scattering, doe

46 a Hartmann-Shack sensor to measure the eye's refraction and aberrations for a 4-mm pupil diameter.

47 a, onchocerciasis, vitamin A deficiency, and refraction and accommodation disorders were underreprese

48 is discussed, since it is based on negative refraction and can be extended to matter waves utilizing

49 roperties of metamaterials, such as negative refraction and diffraction-free propagation, with device

50 ens, which is characterized by transparency, refraction and elasticity, is composed of a bulk mass of

51 ll study participants underwent standardized refraction and fundus photography, and SiMES and SINDI s

52 ted visual acuity, stereoacuity, cycloplegic refraction and funduscopy).

53 ed distance visual acuity (CDVA), subjective refraction and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded.

54 Sellmeier-equation (GSE) description of air refraction and its dispersion that remains highly accura

55 Choroidal thickness, refraction and ocular axial length had no detectable eff

56 A new control mechanism employing two-beam refraction and one solenoid valve was developed and foun

57 ded photonic crystals demonstrating negative refraction and reversed phase propagation.

58 d tomography (CT) maps of sample absorption, refraction and scattering properties.

59 ensive eye examination including cycloplegic refraction and sensorimotor testing within 6 months of t

60 ene replication study of association between refraction and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) wi

61 mination, including subjective and objective refraction and stereoscopic fundus photography.

62 between the magnitude of preoperative myopic refraction and the central epithelial thickness at 1, 3,

63 erlinz and Georgiadis, the apparent index of refraction and the thickness of a waveguide can be measu

64 hould be monitored with periodic cycloplegic refractions and provided with early optical correction.

65 efractive error was determined by subjective refraction, and AL was determined by noncontact partial

66 hnique, pre- and 1-month post-LASIK manifest refraction, and ambient temperature and humidity during

67 egment examination, objective and subjective refraction, and assessment of heterophoria, vergence and

68 ifference between the achieved postoperative refraction, and attempted predicted target refraction.

69 The intraocular pressure, refraction, and central corneal thickness were not affec

70 intervals, including visual acuity, manifest refraction, and corneal topography.

71 Absorption, refraction, and dark-field are retrieved through a multi

72 Patients underwent refraction, and digital retroillumination photographs we

73 outcome measures were graft survival, BCVA, refraction, and ECD.

74 le-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), manifest refraction, and endothelial cell density (ECD).

75 t spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), refraction, and endothelial cell loss (assessed 6, 12, 2

76 ude the effects of haze multiple scattering, refraction, and gas absorption.

77 cGowan's characteristic volume, excess molar refraction, and hydrogen acidity and basicity, respectiv

78 ts, endothelial cell density, biomicroscopy, refraction, and intraoperative and postoperative complic

79 so significantly improved the visual acuity, refraction, and keratometry values.

80 orneal power (CP), noncycloplegic subjective refraction, and lens nuclear opalescence (NOP) grading.

81 schools with regard to age, gender, baseline refraction, and myopia prevalence (47.75% vs. 49.16%).

82 ogical examination, including visual acuity, refraction, and ocular motility tests; anterior and post

83 or partial coherence interferometry), target refraction, and pupil size had been entered.

84 nce visual acuity, spherical and cylindrical refraction, and simulated keratometry values.

85 VA; Snellen's charts), Orbscan, retinoscopy, refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy were performed.

86 ologists to provide visual acuity (VA), IOP, refraction, and VFs (P< 0.01 for each).

87 a battery of tests; visual acuity, objective refraction, anterior and posterior segments examination

88 spital which included log MAR visual acuity, refraction, applanation tonometry and a dilated fundus e

89 that is, the difference between the expected refraction (as calculated by the software) and the actua

90 Best-corrected visual acuity after refraction, assessed by the Early Treatment Diabetic Ret

91 (D), whereas the mean postoperative manifest refraction astigmatic error (vertexed to the corneal sur

92 Postoperative manifest refraction astigmatism was 1.58 +/- 1.25 D overall, but

93 Postoperative refraction at 1 year was not related to centration or ci

94 Refraction at a dielectric interface can take an anomalo

95 y infant, underwent cycloplegic retinoscopic refraction at a mean age of 2(1/2) years.

96 A less hyperopic refraction at baseline was the most significant predicto

97 Refraction at the conclusion of surgery in infants may b

98 er was calculated by using the postoperative refraction at the corneal plane for each eye.

99 Refraction at the corneal plane was 29.6 +/- 4.4 diopter

100 of SXCMT-determined concentrations; 2) X-ray refraction at the grain/water interface artificially dep

101 , IOP (using noncontact tonometry), manifest refraction, average keratometry, age, gender, and postop

102 qAF and age, sex, race/ethnicity, eye color, refraction/axial length, and smoking status were evaluat

103 he differences between the expected residual refraction based on ray tracing and that predicted with

104 the following tests: automated and manifest refraction, best corrected visual acuity, central cornea

105 surements obtained: subjective and objective refraction, best-corrected visual acuity, accommodation,

106 ologic disorders; visual acuity of >/=20/25; refraction between -6 diopters (D) to 6 D, and IOP of 6

107 The change in refraction between baseline and the visit when the macul

108 The highest mean difference in the residual refraction between the target IOL measured by ray tracin

109 The VI was defined as post-refraction binocular best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)

110 (1196 of 1275) achieved +/- 1.0 D of target refraction by 90 days after cataract surgery.

111 ar dielectric magnifying lens using negative refraction by degenerate four-wave mixing in a plano-con

112 mparing the intended and final postoperative refractions calculated with the original manufacturer's

113 via FLACS, in combination with preoperative refraction calculation, is minimal.

114 Dispersion and refraction cause infrared light to focus with different

115 The manifest spherical equivalent refraction changed on average by +0.71+/-1.44 D (P = 0.0

116 ma, cotton-wool spots, globe flattening, and refraction changes.

117 Visual acuity, stereoacuity, refraction, clinical findings of slit-lamp and dilated f

118 tment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) 4-m refractions, clinical examinations, and SD-OCT.

119 improved accuracy of predicted postoperative refraction compared with the manufacturer's IOL constant

120 ed visual acuity (BCVA), sphere and cylinder refraction, corneal topography, Scheimpflug tomography,

121 ce visual acuity (UDVA), subjective manifest refraction, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), cyc

122 sts for diagnosed disorders, $4.9 billion in refraction correction, $0.5 billion in medical costs for

123 Manifest refractions, cycloplegic refractions, uncorrected and be

124 and full suture removal can reduce manifest refraction cylinder to predictably low levels with corre

125 ion [logMAR]), manifest spherical equivalent refraction (D), central corneal thickness (CCT, micromet

126 immediately after surgery, and postoperative refraction data were available within 1 month after surg

127 Longitudinal (0-7 years) cycloplegic refraction data were collected prospectively for two gro

128 rt and 1196 in the older cohort had complete refraction data.

129 The mean spherical and cylindrical refraction decreased significantly (P < .001 for both).

130 Refraction decreased the likelihood of sporadic vision l

131 arity, the measured nonlinear absorption and refraction demonstrate more than two orders of magnitude

132 t can experience either positive or negative refraction depending on input power, as it can alter the

133 w and ophthalmologic examinations, including refraction, determination of uncorrected and best-correc

134 We investigated longitudinally the refraction development in children with regressed retino

135 d if they did not have a preoperative target refraction documented or if they did not have a recorded

136 ms of PP-LFERs that include the excess molar refraction (E) sometimes led to substantial errors (>1 l

137 Refraction, ECD loss (40% at 3 months; P < 0.001), donor

138 Myopic subjects with refraction error greater than -2 diopters (D) (spherical

139 es and different baseline factors, including refraction error, wearing age and lens replacement frequ

140 in 1D and 3D are stated that imply negative refraction for a generic incoming quantum wave packet.

141 nts older than 18 years of age with a stable refraction for at least 1 year who were good candidates

142 re used to calculate predicted postoperative refraction for eyes that received primary IOL implantati

143 uivalent and postgestational age at the last refraction for IVB-treated eyes were -2.4 diopters (D) a

144 The residual refractions for the individual target IOL were compared

145 es that were more than 1.0 D from the target refraction from 50% to 17%.

146 g best-corrected visual acuity and objective refraction, fundus photography, visual field perimetry,

147 , 4166 attended an eye examination including refraction, gave a blood sample, and were interviewed by

148 r the dark adaptation rate and axial length, refraction, gender or age.

149 BCVA, steep and flat simulated keratometry, refraction, graft clarity, and complications.

150 es were poor in 22.4% of eyes (postoperative refraction >/=1 diopter of target), and were statistical

151 desirable properties such as high indices of refraction, high nonlinearities, and large windows of tr

152 e more likely to have a significant shift in refraction (hyperopia: odds ratio [OR], 3.4 [95% CI, 1.2

153 D, +/-1.00 D, and +/-2.00 D of the predicted refraction in 55.5%, 83.3%, and 100% of cases, respectiv

154 nt (MRSE) was within +/-0.50 D of the target refraction in 55.88% and within +/-1.0 D in 85.30% of th

155 l, cycloplegia is recommended when measuring refraction in children under general anesthesia.

156 Main Outcomes and Measures: Visual acuity, refraction in cycloplegia, and manifest strabismus were

157 llected to calculate spherical equivalent of refraction in diopters (D) and further classified into 4

158 eem to affect population variation in ocular refraction in environmental conditions less favorable fo

159 der polarizability, which leads to nonlinear refraction in macroscopic systems, have important benefi

160 ant relationship with postoperative manifest refraction in our population.

161 vides good long-term safety and stability of refraction in patients with high myopia compared with si

162 presbyopic symptoms and correct far distance refraction in the same treatment, offering spectacle-fre

163 inorganic materials show positive nonlinear refraction in this limit.

164 ceptable results aiming for -0.50 D final SE refractions in former RK patients undergoing routine cat

165 Uniocular distance refractions in the monovision arm showed a mean spherica

166 performance liquid chromatography coupled to refraction index, diode array and fluorescence detector,

167 Additionally it is shown that negative refraction indices allow perfect transmission of the wav

168 scattering theory it is shown that negative refraction indices are feasible for matter waves passing

169 scurations (TVO) along with CDVA, subjective refraction IOP, anterior segment biomicroscopy, goniosco

170 a structure that varies with age, ethnicity, refraction, IOP, and smoking.

171 ent value with non-cycloplegic PlusOptix A09 refraction is closer to that with cycloplegic autorefrac

172 , wave mode conversion related with negative refraction is revealed and discussed.

173 effect, which can be called inverse magneto-refraction, is allowed in a material of any symmetry.

174 rrected near visual acuity (UCNVA), manifest refraction, KA and mean keratometry (KM), corneal aberro

175 ted distance visual acuity (BCDVA), manifest refraction, keratometry, adverse events, spectacle use,

176 ement) and 32 gender-, age-, ethnicity-, and refraction-matched healthy controls.

177 ilateral myopic SMILE and 30 age-, sex-, and refraction-matched patients scheduled for bilateral myop

178 A and preoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction, mean astigmatism, and postoperative CCT were

179 opentolate hydrochloride, children underwent refraction measurement with the PlusOptix A09.

180 fused to remove their contact lenses for the refraction measurement, 4430 adults with refractive erro

181 ct or refractive surgery, who underwent auto-refraction measurement.

182 tive progression data and initial peripheral refraction measurements were available in 113 participan

183 thickness [CCT], intraocular pressure [IOP], refraction, medications), as well as medical, surgical,

184 mination at 1 and 3 months included manifest refraction; monocular and binocular uncorrected (UCVA) a

185 perative to postoperative change in manifest refraction (MRx) using the t test with generalized estim

186 eal diameter and clarity, optic disc status, refraction, need for anti-glaucoma therapy, and occurren

187 by the conditions at which negative acoustic refraction occurs.

188 Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction of </=-0.50 diopters (D).

189 thresholds, based on a change in calculated refraction of +/-0.25 diopter, increased this number to

190 had a diagnosis of nanophthalmos, with mean refraction of +11.8 D and mean axial length of 17.6 mm.

191 +/- 3 years with a mean spherical equivalent refraction of -1.08 +/- 2.62 diopters (D) and mean astig

192 with a mean decrease in spherical equivalent refraction of 0.24 diopters per year.

193 e presence of electrolytes with a high molar refraction of either anions or cations.

194 Negative refraction of elastic waves has been studied and experim

195 that aims to achieve subwavelength negative refraction of elastic waves.

196 However, dispersion and refraction of infrared light occurs when samples are san

197 Through this lens (or pseudo hemisphere), refraction of light is removed and the light across the

198 tion highlights that low gestational age and refraction of the eye are independent risk factors for s

199 We experimentally demonstrate negative refraction of the longitudinal elastic wave at the deep-

200 ns of Plusoptix agreed more closely with the refractions of our pediatric ophthalmologists.

201 The binocular refractions of Plusoptix agreed more closely with the re

202 (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02-1.61), and hyperopic refraction (OR, 1.17 per 1-diopter increase in spherical

203 erminus spectacles (-2.50 D over cycloplegic refraction) or observation (non-overminus spectacles if

204 ive outcomes of SE, deviation from predicted refraction, or spectacle cylinder at 1 month or at 1 yea

205 y of graphene without hampering the negative refraction originated mainly from hBN.

206 To compare 5-year visual acuity and refraction outcome in Descemet stripping automated endot

207 The change in refraction over time was estimated by linear mixed model

208 There was a significant difference in myopic refraction, over the 9-month assessment period.

209 keratoplasty), improving to 20/25 with over-refraction (P = .006 vs keratoplasty).

210 compression of ultrashort pulses and complex refraction phenomena.

211 retinal arteriolar equivalent adjusting for refraction, photograph focus, age, systolic blood pressu

212 laser shots only: laser pulse reflection and refraction, photon racing in two media, and faster-than-

213 l functions such as anomalous reflection and refraction, polarization filtering, and wavefront modula

214 refraction after cataract surgery as target refraction, predicted IOL power for each method was calc

215 ter than the other formulas in postoperative refraction prediction (P < 0.01) for both IOL types.

216 absolute error, and mean arithmetic error in refraction prediction, that is, the difference between t

217 e weakly linked to changes in the peripheral refraction profiles in the nasal retina.

218 optoelectronic properties and high index of refraction, provide a platform for all-dielectric metama

219 underwent LASIK using an excimer laser with refraction ranging from -1.00 to -7.25 diopters (mean -3

220 ia and nuclear cataract is explained by lens refraction rather than AL.

221 .7+/-3.1 years, average spherical equivalent refraction (SE) was -0.02+/-1.77(-4.25 to +5.00) diopter

222 , duration of symptoms, spherical equivalent refraction (SE), internal limiting membrane peeling, tam

223 neal topography (Medmont E300) and objective refraction (Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 autorefractor) we

224 rrected visual acuity, cycloplegic objective refraction, slit lamp as well as fundus examinations.

225 d distance visual acuity (CDVA), cycloplegic refraction, slitlamp biomicroscopy, and keratometry (K).

226 The final manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) achieved then was

227 (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) results of surgeo

228 acuity (CNVA), keratometry (K), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) were evaluated pr

229 , uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), and Scheimpflug

230 ace, preoperative and postoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), preoperative and

231 easured were pre- and postoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), uncorrected (UDV

232 Manifest refraction spherical equivalent and cylindrical power im

233 Manifest refraction spherical equivalent and spherical and cylind

234 of 0.07 +/- 0.11 logMAR and a mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent of -0.06 +/- 0.56 D were

235 [logMAR]) and with variance in the manifest refraction spherical equivalent within +/-0.5 diopter (D

236 cted distance visual acuity (UDVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent, endothelial cell count,

237 AR units), sphere and cylinder on subjective refraction, spherical equivalent, minimum simulated kera

238 short-term and midterm results indicate good refraction stability, efficacy, and safety.

239 Although bare hBN can exhibit negative refraction, the transmission is generally low due to its

240 %) were corrected to within +/-1.0 D of goal refraction; the other 5 (12%) were corrected to within 1

241 ordinary beam-steering and apparent negative refraction through higher-order diffraction.

242 lication of an association signal for ocular refraction to a marker between MMP1 and MMP10.

243 ine structural details are resolved by using refraction to magnify images of a specimen.

244 ks behaved similar to optical wave including refraction, total internal reflection and evanescent wav

245 Manifest refraction, uncorrected and corrected visual acuity were

246 ionally, Autorefraction (Topcon), subjective refraction, uncorrected and distance-corrected visual ac

247 Data on the manifest refraction, uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected vi

248 Manifest refractions, cycloplegic refractions, uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuit

249 e examination at 3 months including manifest refraction; uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and distanc

250 nd SRK/T) in the prediction of postoperative refraction using a single optical biometry device.

251 The refraction, visual acuity, and corneal topography return

252 tcome measures included spherical equivalent refraction, visual fields, electroretinography B-wave am

253 For the right eye, mean cycloplegic refraction was +15.09 diopters (D) (range 9.88-18.75).

254 Average postoperative refraction was -0.28+/-0.52 D, and mean error of treatme

255 The mean postoperative refraction was -0.43 +/- 1.08 diopters (D), with a range

256 Mean (SD) preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -19.36 (6.7) diopters and at the end of f

257 Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -7.25+/-1.84 diopters (D).

258 overall frequency of VI correctable with new refraction was 38% of all eyes with VI.

259 erence between cycloplegic and PlusOptix A09 refraction was 68.8 %, higher with myopia than hyperopia

260 within 0.5 D of error from preoperative aim refraction was higher in the PCS group (LCS 72.2% vs. PC

261 The postoperative manifest refraction was in 86 % of patients within +/- 0.50 [D].

262 sion screening at the 6/9 level in each eye; refraction was indicated; acuity improved with correctio

263 e undergoing general anesthesia, cycloplegic refraction was measured using streak retinoscopy during

264 Best-corrected VA by means of subjective refraction was measured with a logarithm of the minimum

265 Goal refraction was plano to +1 D.

266 PlusOptix A09 refraction was positively correlated with cycloplegic au

267 Mean spherical equivalent refraction was reduced (P < 0.0001) and was within +/-0.

268 A refraction was then performed after cycloplegia with eit

269 Mean spherical equivalent refraction was used as a quantitative measure of ocular

270 Cycloplegic refraction was used to identify hyperopia (>/=3.0 to </=

271 The immediate postoperative refraction was within 1 diopter of the target for about

272 te difference between predicted and achieved refraction) was assessed 6 months after surgery.

273 diction error (predicted refraction - actual refraction) was calculated.

274 ed via three distinct phenomena of anomalous refraction, wave splitting and conversion of propagation

275 Ocular features of vision and refraction were amblyopia (32%), myopia (40%), and astig

276 Longitudinal changes in corneal refraction were assessed by linear regression.

277 d no significant changes in visual acuity or refraction were documented.

278 IOP, auto-refractor and manifest refraction were measured at baseline and every 3 months

279 nterior/posterior corneal curvature (K); and refraction were measured preoperatively and at week 1 an

280 Significant increases in myopic refraction were observed.

281 iation analyses of mean spherical equivalent refraction were performed on 30 markers using linear reg

282 Average spherical equivalent refractions were -0.13 +/- 0.46 diopters in wavefront-gu

283 The mean predicted and achieved refractions were -0.27 +/- 0.26 D and -0.23 +/- 0.73 D,

284 eyes whereas in wavefront-optimized eyes the refractions were -0.41 +/- 0.38 diopters at 12 months.

285 The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refractions were -7.48 +/- 5.00 diopters and -8.66 +/- 4

286 Mean (SD) spherical equivalent refractions were as follows: zone I, -1.51 (3.42) diopte

287 Refractions were available for 109 of 131 eligible infan

288 Postoperative refractions were compared with preoperative target refra

289 Data including testability and estimated refractions were entered into a Research Electronic Data

290 Masked subjective refractions were performed 2 to 6 months postoperatively

291 Refractions were performed at 1 month and every 3 months

292 Manifest and wavefront refractions were performed at each postoperative visit.

293 se results are attributed to radically sharp refraction where the optical path length approaches infi

294 ish families showed an association of ocular refraction with markers proximal to matrix metalloprotei

295 etric phase gratings, which can detect X-ray refraction with subnanoradian sensitivity, and at the sa

296 hyper-crystals to exhibit all angle negative refraction with superior transmission.

297 The error in diopters (D) of the predicted refraction with the manufacturer's and optimized IOL con

298 a; 39%, 61%, and 89% of the eyes had a final refraction within 0.5 D, 1.0 D, and 2.0 D of target, res

299 d not have a recorded postoperative manifest refraction within 90 days.

300 Noncycloplegic refraction, year of birth, and highest educational level