ライフサイエンスコーパス: reinfection

1 s indicated atypical infection patterns (eg, reinfection).

2 osis relapsed (two subsequently confirmed as reinfections).

3 cent mice rapidly cleared the bacteria after reinfection.

4 is less clear, especially during heterotypic reinfection.

5 cells during homotypic and heterotypic DENV reinfection.

6 nd phylogenetic evidence consistent with HCV reinfection.

7 panded through local proliferation following reinfection.

8 associated with spontaneous clearance after reinfection.

9 ent; in many studies, this is interpreted as reinfection.

10 ad type 4244 infection at day 14, indicating reinfection.

11 ssess the role of DENV-primed T cells during reinfection.

12 Persistence can also reflect reinfection.

13 ients are at higher risk of clinical relapse/reinfection.

14 tion against heterotypic, but not homotypic, reinfection.

15 ls of antibody responses and protection from reinfection.

16 a difference of >100 SNPs was used to define reinfection.

17 ary HCV infection, 118 were investigated for reinfection.

18 me appear to have a role in both relapse and reinfection.

19 ng to partial but incomplete protection from reinfection.

20 s development of potent adaptive immunity to reinfection.

21 ines, especially in patients at high risk of reinfection.

22 wing viral suppression were investigated for reinfection.

23 of preexisting minority variants rather than reinfection.

24 n provides limited immune protection against reinfection.

25 mphoid tissues to provide early responses to reinfection.

26 that remain positioned at common portals of reinfection.

27 n effective alternative for diagnosis of HCV reinfection.

28 cts in order to most effectively prevent RSV reinfection.

29 fe and subsequent asthma in later life after reinfection.

30 and liver tissue to distinguish relapse from reinfection.

31 internalized the bacteria more readily upon reinfection.

32 We studied the immune response during HCV reinfection.

33 creased Th2-biased immunopathogenesis during reinfection.

34 tibodies that may provide protection against reinfection.

35 leading to incomplete immunity and promoting reinfection.

36 and in the capacity to expand in liver upon reinfection.

37 n following neonatal RSV sensitization/adult reinfection.

38 n and airway hyperreactivity after postnatal reinfection.

39 men (MSM) following acute HCV infection and reinfection.

40 nt supplementation on helminth infection and reinfection.

41 the dominant inhibitory receptor early after reinfection.

42 creased Th2-biased immunopathogenesis during reinfection.

43 ed animals vulnerable to TB reactivation and reinfection.

44 ained by intermittent viral reactivation and reinfection.

45 remained dominant CD8+ T-cell targets after reinfection.

46 tralize pathogens and confer protection upon reinfection.

47 FN-gamma, and CCL11 (eotaxin) at day 4 after reinfection.

48 differentiation enhance host defense against reinfection.

49 hogen encounter, in apparent anticipation of reinfection.

50 tate of specific protective immunity against reinfection.

51 role in viral clearance and protects against reinfection.

52 g-stage parasites, may promote resistance to reinfection.

53 istent infection of individuals or cycles of reinfection.

54 odies in healthy adults protect them against reinfection.

55 uality determine protective efficacy against reinfection.

56 , 27% were serofast, and 6.5% had documented reinfection.

57 ug compliance, parasite drug resistance, and reinfection.

58 red long lasting and effective at preventing reinfection.

59 effective immunity to Staphylococcus aureus reinfection.

60 genes to distinguish virologic relapse from reinfection.

61 eased the accumulation of B5 Tg T cells upon reinfection.

62 aders to facilitate robust interference upon reinfection.

63 to the infection, and thereby suppressing a reinfection.

64 One patient had a reinfection.

65 TRM), which protect nonlymphoid tissues from reinfection.

66 potent mediators of host protection against reinfection.

67 s and partner treatments in those at risk of reinfection.

68 cysts which induce immunoprotection against reinfection.

69 duction of sterile immunity against parasite reinfection.

70 f mixed infections among those classified as reinfections.

71 Most late failures were due to reinfections.

72 e malaria or develop sterilizing immunity to reinfections.

73 et of virologically confirmed homotypic DENV reinfections.

74 , raising 2 major questions: reactivation or reinfection?

75 There were 3 cases of MG reinfection (0.8 per 100 person-years [95% CI, .1-.9].

76 equent infection: the AHR was 1.17 for first reinfection (95% CI, 1.06-1.30) and 1.35 for the second

77 innate immune system can mount resistance to reinfection, a phenomenon termed "trained immunity" or "

78 diversity and is not known to be capable of reinfection, a vaccine could serve to both prevent disea

79 ptor ADAM10 during primary infection reduces reinfection abscess severity.

80 Reinfection accounted for 66 (51%) of 130 recurrent case

81 mania-infected patients become refractory to reinfection after disease resolution, effective immune p

82 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection after liver transplantation may lead to reci

83 treatment to populations at greater risk of reinfection after sustained virologic response (SVR).

84 Reinfection after sustained virologic response has been

85 We assessed risk factors for reinfection after SVR in a representative cohort of Cana

86 s, eosinophilia, and histopathology, and RSV reinfection also caused substantial RSV disease despite

87 e (SVR), adherence, discontinuation, and HCV reinfection among PWID.

88 We also identified 3 HEV reinfections among patients who were seropositive before

89 Reinfection and accelerated development of fibrosis is a

90 also need to be mindful of the risks for HCV reinfection and educate patients on protective measures.

91 ignaling may contribute to respiratory virus reinfection and evasion of vaccine-elicited immune respo

92 factor alpha (TNF-alpha) at 12 to 24 h after reinfection and IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma, and CCL11 (eotaxi

93 nduces long-term protective immunity against reinfection and indicates that other factors, such as ho

94 Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection and intercalation (ie, intermittent recurren

95 a critical role in adaptive immunity against reinfection and memory induced by natural infection with

96 th a particular focus on the contribution of reinfection and pathogen persistence to BV recurrence, a

97 cern because DAA therapeutics do not prevent reinfection and patients can still progress to chronic l

98 nity among older children and adults permits reinfection and poliovirus shedding, prompting calls to

99 are critical for long-term immunity against reinfection and require interleukin-7 (IL-7), but the me

100 Prevention of reinfection and resurgence is an integral component of t

101 e natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection and spontaneous clearance following reinfect

102 insufficient for complete protection against reinfection and that adaptive T cell immunity is importa

103 estimate the annual risk of M. tuberculosis reinfection and the proportion of individuals whose late

104 ypothesize a relationship between relapse vs reinfection and the time between treatment completion an

105 take many months and occur after episodes of reinfection and viral intercalation.

106 cells from chronic infection proliferated on reinfection and were highly sensitive to TCR stimulation

107 e ADR, 2 were confirmed as causing exogenous reinfection, and 2 were unrecoverable for genotyping.

108 al role of antibody in immunity to chlamydia reinfection, and demonstrate a key function for IFNgamma

109 RSV infections are poorly protective against reinfection, and high levels of antibodies do not always

110 a gondii induces a potent resistance against reinfection, and IFN-gamma production by CD8(+) T cells

111 Viral clearance, reinfection, and intercalating infection were all detect

112 ass I antibody positivity, hepatitis C virus reinfection, and mycophenolate mofetil-free regimens wer

113 aired samples >10 SNVs apart were considered reinfection, and those 3-10 SNVs apart (or without whole

114 op Th2-biased immunopathophysiologies during reinfection, and we demonstrated a role for enhanced int

115 Upon reinfection, anti-HCV levels increased again.

116 give a reasonable estimate on how frequently reinfection appears and try to characterize those most a

117 IL-1 polymorphism and generalized reinfection are associated with less stability.

118 Further studies on the risk of reinfection are needed to assess the long-term effective

119 mic areas, tools to distinguish relapse from reinfection are needed.

120 HMPV reinfections are common in healthy adults and children,

121 Reinfections are common throughout life, but no vaccines

122 The recurrent hRSV outbreaks and reinfections are the cause of a significant public healt

123 nd assessed 9-month gonorrhoea and chlamydia reinfection as the primary outcome.

124 nt with RvD1 and RvD5 led to protection from reinfection associated with C. rodentium-specific IgG re

125 NK cell depletion during reinfection attenuated weight loss but did not alter T c

126 ficiency virus infection was associated with reinfection but not relapse.

127 Memory T cells protect hosts from pathogen reinfection, but how these cells emerge from a pool of a

128 ctor lung TCD8 response was generated during reinfection, but these cells were more impaired and more

129 nfection increases the 1-year probability of reinfection by 20-fold, and the probability of reinfecti

130 t infection, we first established a model of reinfection by challenging B cell-deficient mice with hu

131 The continual reinfection by drug-naive worms that occurs in these tri

132 ction, immune responses, and protection from reinfection by either a lethal challenge or natural tran

133 as a mechanism governing protection against reinfection by HAstV.

134 ired immunity and enhances susceptibility to reinfection by hRSV.

135 ble relapses based on the low probability of reinfection by multiple recurring variants.

136 They constitute a defense against reinfection by pathogens, yet arguably do more harm than

137 dicate that most host cells are surveyed for reinfection by segregated residents rather than by recir

138 ved memory cells that confer protection from reinfection by the same virus.

139 ount long-term effective recall responses to reinfections by diverse pathogens.

140 protection from parasitemia and pathology in reinfection cases, correlating with an increase in Th1 c

141 rrence, suggesting recurrences are caused by reinfections caused by other extrahospital factors.

142 tion from symptomatic malaria in a treatment-reinfection cohort study.

143 al incidence were assessed in a treatment-to-reinfection cohort, where P.vivax (Pv) hypnozoites were

144 aged 12-15 years at the time of their second reinfection, compared with individuals older than 30 yea

145 ence interval {CI}, .25-.66]; P = .0003) and reinfection (competing risks HR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.11-1.01

146 Multiple reinfections conferred some protection against subsequen

147 rculosis high-burden settings that exogenous reinfection contributes considerably to recurrent diseas

148 HBoV-1 reinfection contributes to long-term shedding.

149 Viral sequence analysis was used to identify reinfection (defined as detection of heterologous virus

150 ix (75%) participants, including 3 of 4 with reinfection, demonstrated sustained viral clearance for

151 Protection from persistent HCV reinfection depends on the magnitude, breadth, and quali

152 as serum anti-HBs of 100 IU/L or less or HBV reinfection despite serum anti-HBs greater than 100 IU/L

153 recurrent disease, relapse (same strain), or reinfection (different strain).

154 tted to observed annual rates of relapse and reinfection, distinguished by DNA fingerprinting of Myco

155 ed early after treatment completion, whereas reinfection dominated after 1 year and accounted for at

156 ation-based study of pertussis infection and reinfection during a 5-year period in California in an c

157 icroscopy infection as well as the differing reinfection dynamics in different age groups are best ex

158 achieving a better understanding of relapse-reinfection epidemiology.

159 natal infection is poorly protective against reinfection even with antigenically homologous viral str

160 protective immunity, resulting in subsequent reinfections even in the absence of antigenic drift.

161 rogeneity in transmission, the rapid rate of reinfection following AL treatment, the variable reliabi

162 bservation that spontaneous clearance of HCV reinfection following treatment occurs is suggestive of

163 e assess data from studies among PWID of HCV reinfection following treatment to give a reasonable est

164 ne effectors that mediate protection against reinfection following viral infection or vaccination.

165 rmed recurrences: 55 had relapse, and 20 had reinfection; for 64 type of recurrence was unclassified.

166 e of the initial viral infection rather than reinfection from a different virus.

167 smission routes with moving infected cattle, reinfection from an environmental reservoir and poor sen

168 rigins of such infection (persistence versus reinfection from untreated or new partners) are varied a

169 Distinguishing reinfection from virologic relapse has implications for

170 rains isolated from patients with persistent reinfection had sequence variations that were not recogn

171 (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men and reinfection has also been described in monoinfected inje

172 The diagnosis of reinfection has traditionally been based on direct Sange

173 iscuss the epidemiology of HCV infection and reinfection, HCV-related liver disease progression in th

174 During reinfection, high-affinity IgG Abs form complexes with b

175 to result in lifelong immunity to homotypic reinfection (ie, reinfection with the same serotype).

176 (63%) seronegative patients and reactivation/reinfection in 28 of 63 (44%) seropositive patients.

177 HEV reinfection in immunocompromised patients can lead to ch

178 After viral reinfection in mice, bTRM rapidly acquired cytotoxic eff

179 of the frequency of within-host mutation and reinfection in populations are critical for understandin

180 ce, incidence of infection, and incidence of reinfection in PWID, assessment of TasP's effectiveness

181 crucially to protection against heterotypic reinfection in situations where humoral responses alone

182 d with primary infection and protection from reinfection in the lungs.

183 apparent relapse was actually a genotype 3a reinfection in the MK-5172 200-mg group.

184 ous resolution was associated with decreased reinfection in women returning for treatment of a positi

185 to fail due to limited access to treatment, reinfections in high-risk individuals, and the potential

186 g those at higher risk of poor adherence and reinfection--individuals for whom real-world data are ur

187 re associated with lower Schistosoma mansoni reinfection intensity, while no associations between hum

188 in antituberculosis drug trials should take reinfection into account.

189 delivered locally to mucosal tissues without reinfection is an effective strategy to enhance establis

190 of protective immunity to S. aureus systemic reinfection is associated with robust interleukin-10 (IL

191 established, the contribution of T cells to reinfection is less clear, especially during heterotypic

192 rials of non-drug users, and the rate of HCV reinfection is low.

193 Where the risk of reinfection is lower, preventive therapy with more curat

194 Protection against reinfection is mediated by Ag-specific memory CD8 T cell

195 Superinfection may occur in this cohort but reinfection is overestimated by Sanger sequencing.

196 ly following recommended therapy and in whom reinfection is ruled out.

197 rotective efficacy of memory T cells against reinfection is unclear.

198 ive immune response that can protect against reinfection, it is generally thought that Staphylococcus

199 anti-HEV antibodies seem to protect against reinfection, its pathogenesis is not well established.

200 al drugs; (ii) UV-induced skin damage; (iii) reinfection; (iv) organ specific failure of memory T cel

201 Reinfection may be higher in HIV-HCV coinfection, but pr

202 ions to estimate the concentrations at which reinfections multiplied.

203 onse (n = 2), posttreatment relapse (n = 9), reinfection (n = 1), and loss to follow-up (n = 1).

204 both the occurrence of blips and a possible reinfection need to be taken into account.

205 tionship may explain the high variability in reinfection observed across smaller studies.

206 years (95% CI, 0.0-14.5 person-years) with 1 reinfection observed among 23 remaining in follow-up pos

207 g trachoma is driven by multiple episodes of reinfection of conjunctival epithelial cells, producing

208 To determine whether reinfection of ERBs plays a role in MARV maintenance, we

209 ave been associated with vaccine failure and reinfection of grafted liver despite immune prophylaxis,

210 g its potential applicability to prevent HCV reinfection of liver allografts.

211 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection of the liver allograft after transplantation

212 However, reinfection of the liver graft is still common, especial

213 Reinfection of the patient with the lowest IgG concentra

214 hether treatment failure was associated with reinfection or recrudescence of preexisting infection.

215 ting to investigate tuberculosis relapse and reinfection over a lengthy period.

216 age (P = 0.01), hepatitis C virus allograft reinfection (P = 0.0008), and biliary complications (P =

217 tudies (comprising 131 drug users) examining reinfection, pooled risk was 2.4 (95% CI, .9-6.1) per 10

218 Estimated annual risks of reinfection ranged between 3.7 and 4.9%.

219 The adjusted reinfection rate (per 1000 PYFU) in the first year after

220 The aim was to investigate the reinfection rate of H. pylori during a follow-up period

221 The HCV reinfection rate was 2.8 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 0

222 Data on transmission network, reinfection rate, and opt-out HCV screening rate are lac

223 ient interventions on helminth infection and reinfection rates (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.97).

224 We used Bayesian Cox regression to estimate reinfection rates according to patient reported injectio

225 Reinfection rates did not diminish with time.

226 High reinfection rates in prison attenuated cost-effectivenes

227 HCV reinfection rates varied according to risk.

228 Infection and reinfection rates, particularly among men who have sex w

229 atment and decreases gonorrhea and chlamydia reinfection rates.

230 fected cohorts were driven by an increase in reinfection rather than late relapse.

231 nfection and spontaneous clearance following reinfection (reclearance), including predictors of HCV r

232 i) HCV-specific memory CD8(+) T cells before reinfection regardless of a subject's ability to clear s

233 infection by 20-fold, and the probability of reinfection remains 14-fold higher 2 years later.

234 Protective immunity to reinfection requires several rounds of infection to be e

235 n vivo therapeutic PD-1 blockade during HMPV reinfection restored lung T(CD8) effector functions (i.e

236 currence of HCV, either from late relapse or reinfection, reverses the beneficial effects of SVR.

237 1 post-treatment was associated with reduced reinfection risk 18 months later.

238 Reinfection risk factors were absent in 2 of 3 patients.

239 risk group is driven mainly by an increased reinfection risk.

240 Three of 4 subjects who had confirmed reinfection showed evidence of long-term clearance.

241 ince eliminating persistent parasites before reinfection slightly increased the accumulation of B5 Tg

242 se proteins were investigated in a treatment-reinfection study conducted in an endemic area of Papua

243 ous infection correlate with protection from reinfection, suggesting that an effective vaccine could

244 atment susceptibility to TB reactivation and reinfection, suggesting therapy-related immune impairmen

245 wer odds of combined gonorrhoea or chlamydia reinfection than did control patients (58/508 [11%] vs 1

246 Peak HCV RNA level was lower during reinfection than primary infection (P = .011).

247 were more likely to have a clinical relapse/reinfection than those with M. intracellulare.

248 Importantly, upon reinfection, these decoupled cells produce elevated leve

249 tive immunity against disease pathology upon reinfection through the process of concomitant immunity,

250 ies of endogenous reactivation (relapse) and reinfection tuberculosis are lacking.

251 The reinfection tuberculosis rate peaked at 1.58% (95% CI, .

252 Because of the high risk of reinfection, vaccinating boys who have not yet been expo

253 The time from initial infection to reinfection was <1 year in 11 (41%) cases.

254 Adjusting for age, the odds of reinfection was 4 times higher for participants with per

255 Estimated incidence of first reinfection was 5.4 per 100 person-years (95% confidence

256 individuals with reclearance 6 months after reinfection was 52% (95% CI, 33%-73%).

257 Weight loss during reinfection was accompanied by an initial influx of NK c

258 Neither clearance nor reinfection was associated with moderate malnutrition, w

259 The increased risk of PID from reinfection was highest in younger individuals (AHR, 4.5

260 histosoma mansoni over a 2-year period, when reinfection was restricted by interrupting transmission.

261 n of a lack of homologous immunity, frequent reinfections, weak competition between types, and variat

262 Here, CD8+ T-cell immunity and response to reinfection were assessed in a chimpanzee cured of an ea

263 No cases of HCV reinfection were observed in the 24 weeks following trea

264 to AHW antigen and protection from hookworm reinfection were observed in this sample of school-aged

265 Four patients with homotypic DENV reinfections were identified and confirmed among 29 repe

266 ortant to distinguish virologic relapse from reinfection when patients in whom HCV is eradicated duri

267 (which results in clonal heterogeneity) and reinfection (which results in mixed infections).

268 ssess HCV outcomes and estimate incidence of reinfection (which was previously overestimated).

269 obulin A was associated with protection from reinfection, while a high parasite burden and expansion

270 t DHA-PQP provides longer protection against reinfection, while AL is better at reducing patient infe

271 crucial to mediate cross-protection against reinfection with a different serotype, but not for prote

272 the adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, reinfection with a heterologous HCV genotype (adjusted H

273 Four of these (50%) had confirmed reinfection with a heterologous virus; 3 demonstrated vi

274 Mucosal immunity to reinfection with a highly virulent virus requires the ac

275 relapse of the same infection, by preventing reinfection with a new strain, or by preventing both out

276 e due to relapse with the original strain or reinfection with a new strain.

277 sting that clinical relapses were not due to reinfection with a new strain.

278 e, this is the first reported case caused by reinfection with a separate isolate of M. avium.

279 in a transient period of protection against reinfection with all serotypes (cross-protection), follo

280 by acquiring the CTX prophage either through reinfection with CTXvarphi or by chitin-induced transfor

281 nonlethally with DENV were protected against reinfection with either a homotypic or heterotypic serot

282 part of an antiviral strategy for preventing reinfection with HBV, including clinically relevant nucl

283 rates of sexually transmitted infection and reinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have recently b

284 led to afford protection against respiratory reinfection with influenza virus.

285 form a highly specific defense layer against reinfection with previously encountered pathogens.

286 lack of cure following preventive therapy or reinfection with rapid progression to disease.

287 revent reinfection with rhesus CMV; however, reinfection with RhCMVDeltaUS2-11, which lacks viral-enc

288 induced by RhCMVDeltapp65ab did not prevent reinfection with rhesus CMV; however, reinfection with R

289 nd mediate enhanced bacterial clearance upon reinfection with the bacterium.

290 elong immunity to homotypic reinfection (ie, reinfection with the same serotype).

291 ent serotype, but not for protection against reinfection with the same serotype.

292 different C. trachomatis strain rather than reinfection with the same strain.

293 because it causes enhanced lung damage upon reinfection with the same virus.

294 ing to postnatal airway hyperreactivity upon reinfection with the virus.

295 Homotypic reinfections with DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3 occurred 32

296 Notably, symptomatic reinfections with different genotypes within the same (n

297 Basophils orchestrate protection against reinfections with gastrointestinal helminths and ticks,

298 Reinfections with respiratory viruses are common and cau

299 rance of infection and induced resistance to reinfection, with the generation of gonococcus-specific

300 expand and elaborate effector functions upon reinfection yet exist in a functionally quiescent state.