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   1 9% chance of representing a high-attenuation renal cyst.                                             
     2 rcinoma over a diagnosis of high-attenuation renal cyst.                                             
     3 creatic islet cell tumors and a premalignant renal cyst.                                             
     4 initial ultrasonographic diagnosis of simple renal cyst.                                             
     5 tion of epithelial cells in the formation of renal cysts.                                            
     6   Most mice 6 months or older also developed renal cysts.                                            
     7 ot Hif-1alpha, suppressed the development of renal cysts.                                            
     8 er characterized by progressive expansion of renal cysts.                                            
     9 res have been implicated in the formation of renal cysts.                                            
    10 kd1 are generally normal and have few if any renal cysts.                                            
    11  10%, multiple left renal vessels, and right renal cysts.                                            
    12 eterogeneity (P <.001) than high-attenuation renal cysts.                                            
    13 e that overexpress polycystin-1 also develop renal cysts.                                            
    14 ltrasonographic (US) documentation of simple renal cysts.                                            
    15 f the peak densities of renal parenchyma and renal cysts.                                            
    16 ic hypokalemia-mediated nephrocalcinosis and renal cysts.                                            
    17 tion and may favor the development of simple renal cysts.                                            
    18 opathies but share common phenotypes such as renal cysts.                                            
    19 ice were normotensive and had no evidence of renal cysts.                                            
    20 on of alpha8 integrin on epithelial cells in renal cysts.                                            
    21 and activated in cells lining PKD-associated renal cysts.                                            
    22 y, result in tubular epithelial cell-derived renal cysts.                                            
    23 rized by morbidity-associated development of renal cysts.                                            
  
  
    26 old mice resulted in formation of only focal renal cysts 6 to 9 wk later but in a severe polycystic p
    27 also encountered in hemorrhagic and infected renal cyst, abscess, benign neoplasms, and inflammatory 
    28 al consecutive measurements of total kidney, renal cyst (actual and as a percent of total volume), an
    29 ll benign lesions, including pyelonephritis, renal cysts, adenomas, oncocytomas, and normal kidney, d
    30 0 years and is characterized by formation of renal cysts along with the enlargement of kidneys and de
    31  model features multiorgan defects including renal cysts, altered left-right laterality, and hepatobi
  
    33 gth of greater than 7.5 cm in the absence of renal cysts and a short history of renal functional dete
    34 of HNF-1beta lead to a syndrome of inherited renal cysts and diabetes and are also a common cause of 
    35 hich harbors HNF1B, the gene responsible for renal cysts and diabetes syndrome (RCAD), in 18/15,749 p
  
  
    38  recapitulates NPHP-RC phenotypes, including renal cysts and hydrocephalus, which is rescued by a Wnt
    39 k significantly reduces initial formation of renal cysts and kidney growth and slows the progression 
  
    41 iliopathy syndromes that are associated with renal cysts and premature renal failure are commonly the
  
  
    44 associated with both hereditary and sporadic renal cysts and renal cell carcinoma, which are commonly
  
    46 g5 is causally involved in hydrocephalus and renal cysts and reveal that targeted membrane delivery o
    47  when accurate differentiation between small renal cysts and solid masses is critical, particularly f
  
    49     Considering the diverse genes that cause renal cysts and the multiorgan involvement of these dise
  
  
  
    53 onately early in patients with pretransplant renal cysts and was associated with a worse prognosis an
    54 f 528 patients, 330 (62.5%) had at least one renal cyst, and 315 (59.7%) had cysts of 10 mm or less. 
    55 graphy is capable of measuring total kidney, renal cyst, and renal parenchymal volumes reproducibly; 
    56 f volumetric determinations of total kidney, renal cyst, and renal parenchymal volumes, using fast el
    57 ased glycogen and lipid deposition, multiple renal cysts, and early onset of clear cell renal cell ca
    58  of 18-29-year-old subjects had at least two renal cysts, and five of 493 subjects aged 30-59 years h
    59 that normally accompanies the development of renal cysts, and this correlated with an improvement in 
    60 kidneys caused by progressive development of renal cysts, and thus assessment of total kidney volume 
  
  
  
  
    65 e mutations in PRKCSH are thought to develop renal cysts as a result of somatic loss of the second al
  
  
  
    69  can be differentiated from high-attenuation renal cysts at unenhanced computed tomography (CT) based
    70  It is unknown how these mutations result in renal cysts, but dysregulation of calcium (Ca(2+)) signa
  
    72 25 years ago, now referred to as the Bosniak renal cyst classification, remains pertinent to the diag
    73 Glis3(zf/zf) mice form normal primary cilia, renal cysts contain relatively fewer cells with a primar
  
  
  
  
  
    79 ry cilium provides a potential mechanism for renal cyst development in VHL disease and may help in th
    80 e previously shown that in the case of PKD1, renal cyst development is likely to require somatic inac
    81 lts implicate AQP1 as a novel determinant in renal cyst development that may involve inhibition of Wn
    82 tion of VHL in PEPCK-Cre mutants resulted in renal cyst development that was associated with increase
  
  
    85  Significant interactions were noted between renal cyst diameter, background renal attenuation, and C
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    93 enal tubule development during the time when renal cysts first appear in PKD kidneys and that PKD-def
    94  synergy of an Smac-mimetic and TNF-alpha in renal cyst fluid, that attenuates cyst development, prov
    95 nhibitor SKI-606 resulted in amelioration of renal cyst formation and biliary ductal abnormalities in
    96 , a common genetic disorder characterized by renal cyst formation and extrarenal complications such a
  
    98 pel-Lindau associated mechanisms involved in renal cyst formation and renewed appreciation for the in
    99 e earliest cellular defects occurring during renal cyst formation because its kidney (the pronephros)
  
   101    We hypothesize that primary cilia prevent renal cyst formation by suppressing pathologic tubular c
   102 fore, this study sought to determine whether renal cyst formation could be prevented by genetic compl
   103 ression is both necessary and sufficient for renal cyst formation in ADPKD, suggesting that PKD2 occu
   104 roliferation in human ADPKD cells and blocks renal cyst formation in an adult and a neonatal PKD mous
   105 een proposed to explain the focal nature for renal cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic ki
  
  
   108 kouts of Pkd1 and Sirt1 demonstrated delayed renal cyst formation in postnatal mouse kidneys compared
  
  
  
  
   113 g of the importance of the primary cilium in renal cyst formation may guide potential therapy for cys
   114 enal injury can also markedly accelerate the renal cyst formation that occurs after disruption of cil
  
  
   117 ific knockout of polycystin-1 caused massive renal cyst formation, kidney enlargement, and severe kid
  
  
   120 s the contribution of the PDE1A subfamily to renal cyst formation, we examined the expression and fun
   121 t is directly part of the disease pathway of renal cyst formation, we used a genetic approach to intr
  
  
  
   125 hile activation of mTOR has been observed in renal cysts from ADPKD patients, Pkd1(-/-) MEFs did not 
   126 tudy may help differentiate high-attenuation renal cysts from renal cell carcinomas at unenhanced CT 
   127 in-1 (PC1) mutations result in proliferative renal cyst growth and progression to renal failure in au
  
   129 st the involvement of HIF1alpha in promoting renal cyst growth and suggest that the formation of simp
  
   131 orter 1, and report that HIF-1alpha promotes renal cyst growth in two in vitro cyst models-principal-
  
   133 sage resulted in a significant inhibition of renal cyst growth while maintaining more normal renal st
   134  in ADPKD and PKD mouse models and may drive renal cyst growth, but the mechanisms leading to persist
  
  
  
   138 ions in PKD1 and PKD2 in a minority of human renal cysts has led to the proposal that such mutations 
   139 iver anomalies have been carefully detailed, renal cysts have yet to be fully characterized in inv/in
   140 d1 mutants invariably develop pancreatic and renal cysts if they survive to day 15.5 post coitum and 
   141  range, 23-90 years) and 56 high-attenuation renal cysts in 51 patients (30 men and 21 women; average
  
   143 le, protein-rich, hemorrhagic, and enhancing renal cysts in an in vitro phantom through simultaneous 
   144 on, promoting the progressive enlargement of renal cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney dise
   145 aging depicted an increased number of simple renal cysts in healthy individuals because of its increa
  
   147 ion markers were co-expressed with p-Creb in renal cysts in Itf88 knockout mice subjected to ischemia
   148 d been shown that glucocorticoids can induce renal cysts in the neonatal rodent, only when given at a
  
  
  
   152  deletion mutant in transgenic mice produces renal cysts, increased cell proliferation, and dilatatio
   153 ice resulted in the transformation of benign renal cysts into a hyperplastic lesion, suggesting that 
   154 mal-dominant PLD (ADPLD) with no or very few renal cysts is a separate disorder caused by PRKCSH, SEC
  
  
  
  
  
   160  we demonstrate that targeting antibodies to renal cyst lumens is possible with the use of dimeric Ig
  
   162 th cilia dysfunction, including retinopathy, renal cysts, male infertility, and a deficit in olfactio
  
  
  
   166 tween the copeptin level and the presence of renal cysts (odds ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.4; P=0.02
   167 ted with abrogation of the primary cilium in renal cysts of patients with VHL disease and in VHL-defe
  
   169 ted with progressive enlargement of multiple renal cysts, often leading to renal failure that cannot 
  
  
   172 de important insights into the mechanisms of renal cyst pathogenesis and lead to better approaches fo
  
   174 To prospectively determine the dependence of renal cyst pseudoenhancement on multidetector computed t
  
   176  The progressive growth and expansion of the renal cysts replace existing renal tissue within the ren
   177 a mutation in the inv gene (inv/inv) develop renal cysts resembling autosomal-recessive polycystic ki
  
   179  ciliopathies, presenting symptoms including renal cysts, retinal degeneration, and situs inversus [7
  
  
   182 ase presented here, 131I activity within the renal cyst supports the concept that iodide is subject t
   183   Men (mean, 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5, 2.5) had more renal cysts than women (mean, 1.2; 95% CI: 0.9, 1.5) (P 
   184 ases are characterized by numerous bilateral renal cysts that continuously enlarge and, through compr
  
   186 st that the formation of simple and atypical renal cysts that resemble ccRCC precursor lesions is gre
  
   188  carcinomas and 37 high-attenuation (>20 HU) renal cysts that were at least 1 cm in diameter were ret
   189 rized by the formation of multiple bilateral renal cysts, the progressive accumulation of extracellul
   190 calization in a previously unsuspected large renal cyst; the lesion was not visualized on routine pre
  
  
   193 logical and histological diagnosis of benign renal cysts versus cystic RCC, adenoma versus RCC, and o
  
  
   196 l volumes reproducibly; (2) total kidney and renal cyst volumes increase, while parenchymal volumes d
   197 ring the 8 yr of follow-up, total kidney and renal cyst volumes increased, while renal parenchymal vo
   198     The rate of increase in total kidney and renal cyst volumes varied markedly from patient to patie
   199 olycystic kidney disease, the progression of renal cysts was examined in cpk mutants carrying one or 
   200 tage of enhancement at MR imaging for the 50 renal cysts was less than 5%; for the 50 renal tumors, i
   201 le, protein-rich, hemorrhagic, and enhancing renal cysts was scanned with an experimental grating-bas
   202 itivity for renal tumors and specificity for renal cysts were established by using percentage of enha
   203  presence of growth factors in the lumens of renal cysts, which are enclosed spaces lacking connectio
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