ライフサイエンスコーパス: retroelement

1 by a pre_C2HC motif (motifs common to other retroelements).

2 that has all the hallmarks of a centromeric retroelement.

3 DNA target, rather than of expression of the retroelement.

4 sons are the most abundant type of mammalian retroelement.

5 satellite is found in the genome of a modern retroelement.

6 vity of a phage-encoded diversity-generating retroelement.

7 1 complexes in genomic silencing of invasive retroelements.

8 m exists that removes or limits close facing retroelements.

9 olved distinct inhibitory mechanisms against retroelements.

10 to exhibit broad activities against diverse retroelements.

11 other exogenous retroviruses and endogenous retroelements.

12 ut also the retrotransposition of endogenous retroelements.

13 transcriptional suppression of this class of retroelements.

14 nt to block retrotransposition of endogenous retroelements.

15 s, simian immunodeficiency virus, endogenous retroelements.

16 replication and transposition of endogenous retroelements.

17 at have potent activity against a variety of retroelements.

18 nt property of all members of this family of retroelements.

19 ptases, are key enzymes for retroviruses and retroelements.

20 features that may be shared by other non-LTR retroelements.

21 ly evolving tandem repeats with interspersed retroelements.

22 t pericentromeric 5S gene clusters and AtSN1 retroelements.

23 n mammalian genomes between these ubiquitous retroelements.

24 subfamilies and highly conversed in diverse retroelements.

25 amily containing a hot spot of insertion for retroelements.

26 atures make them a novel class of eukaryotic retroelements.

27 implying that plasmids are havens for these retroelements.

28 omeres when Ab10 is present, tend to exclude retroelements.

29 s utilize an RNA intermediate and are termed retroelements.

30 ars, as is indicated by the dating of intact retroelements.

31 homology to RTs encoded by retroviruses and retroelements.

32 erved in enzymes encoded by retroviruses and retroelements.

33 gy to rodent intracisternal A-particle (IAP) retroelements.

34 ptor signal transduction and mobilization of retroelements.

35 d by the insertion of different transposable retroelements.

36 g most long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing retroelements.

37 nuclear pre-mRNA introns, are site-specific retroelements.

38 Only 14.4% of this genome segment consist of retroelements.

39 und an RNA motif derived from endogenous Alu retroelements.

40 lements present are mainly ancient, inactive retroelements.

41 e activity, the hallmark of retroviruses and retroelements.

42 se the inappropriate detection of endogenous retroelements.

43 ization, a unique characteristic among viral retroelements.

44 contributes to intracellular defense against retroelements.

45 : the reverse-transcribed cDNA of endogenous retroelements.

46 the activation of these previously silenced retroelements.

47 etches of this modification corresponding to retroelements.

48 mbionts, including the virome and endogenous retroelements.

49 pollination (DAP) of agamous-like genes and retroelements.

50 viruses and their endogenous counterpart LTR retroelements.

51 ost defense targeted toward retroviruses and retroelements.

52 that at least some of these proteins target retroelements.

53 ne for reverse transcriptase from gypsy-like retroelement 13G42-26.

54 Fragments of Calypso-like retroelements, a recently inserted SIRE1 element, and a

55 Here, three distinct retroelements, a yeast retrotransposon, Ty1, a murine en

56 ence analysis of this library indicated that retroelements abundant in the genome are poorly represen

57 case study of the highly divergent family of retroelements accord with previous estimates of their ev

58 f the most successful families of autonomous retroelements, accounting for at least 17% of the human

59 single-stranded DNA derived from endogenous retroelements accumulates in Trex1-deficient cells, and

60 k tRNA fragments to regulation of endogenous retroelements active in the preimplantation embryo.

61 s that present-day AID proteins possess anti-retroelement activity.

62 nfluence of environmental toxicants on human retroelement activity.

63 The presence of highly degraded retroelements also suggests that retrotransposon amplifi

64 o chromosome rearrangements concomitant with retroelement amplification in several marsupial hybrid g

65 gesting that this differential potential for retroelement amplification is a primary factor in angios

66 igh TF melanoma clones contained the mVL30-1 retroelement and others did not, and some low TF melanom

67 low TF melanoma clones contained the mVL30-1 retroelement and others did not.

68 se with two homologous domains and restricts retroelements and HIV-1.

69 of the upstream regions by the insertion of retroelements and other repeats.

70 om the missing link between early eukaryotic retroelements and present-day telomerases.

71 or RNAi-mediated heterochromatin assembly at retroelements and regulated gene loci and facilitates th

72 uch as these, shared by distantly related Ty retroelements and retroviruses are novel candidates for

73 identifying host factors that influence LTR retroelements and retroviruses in other organisms.

74 bitory activities against diverse endogenous retroelements and retroviruses, including Vif-deficient

75 d reveals diverse, mammal-like landscapes of retroelements and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) not fou

76 py number (mostly chromovirus-like Ty3/Gypsy retroelements and some low-complexity sequences), leadin

77 have varying intrinsic abilities to restrict retroelements and that various APOBEC3 proteins may have

78 vertebrate genomes between the number of LTR retroelements and the number of host tandem ZF genes.

79 tanding this potentially pathologic role for retroelements and the precise mechanisms by which their

80 ng STCs (TE-STCs), 88% (6027) are related to retroelements and the remaining are transposase homologs

81 gments belonging to LINE-like and gypsy-like retroelements and transposase fragments of En/Spm transp

82 so were associated with diversity-generating retroelements and virus-encoded Clustered Regularly Inte

83 This correlation is specific to LTR retroelements and ZF genes and was not explained by cova

84 Human chromosome 11 has a VL30 retroelement, and a VL30 EST was identified in human bla

85 r tRNA-modifying enzymes in regulation of TY retroelements, and in rRNA 2'-O-methylation.

86 likely progenitors of spliceosomal introns, retroelements, and other machinery that controls genetic

87 a link among the lupus autoantigen Ro60, Alu retroelements, and type I interferon.

88 strict the replication of all three of these retroelements, APOBEC3G lacking the catalytic glutamate

89 Most of these retroelements appear to amplify in evolutionary waves th

90 We further show that recently active LTR retroelements are correlated with recent tandem ZF gene

91 In contrast to maize, retroelements are less frequent in rice.

92 gest that transposition and recombination of retroelements are likely important sources of variation

93 size classes, whereas those from endogenous retroelements are only in the long class.

94 Murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) and related retroelements are potently restricted in embryonic cells

95 Methylation changes and retroelements are proposed as mechanisms for double minu

96 We suggest that retroelements are relatively rare in centromeres because

97 Only 27 LTR-retroelements are shared between alleles, whereas 62 are

98 oimmune disease in mice, in which endogenous retroelements are suspected to play a role.

99 rgenic regions, composed of blocks of nested retroelements, are also generally conserved, although a

100 e findings identify nonautonomous Alu and hY retroelements as natural cellular targets of A3G and hig

101 linked primarily to silencing of endogenous retroelements, as a direct repressor of a placental-spec

102 contain satellite sequences, transposons and retroelements, as well as transcribed genes that perform

103 associated with the apparently domesticated retroelement Athena, in large clusters composed of diver

104 and decayed, and domesticated Penelope-like retroelements Athena, concentrated at telomeric regions.

105 r genomes differ greatly in their content of retroelements, average size of the genes and amount of g

106 better understanding of the intersection of retroelement biology and innate immunity can guide the w

107 We hypothesize that retroviral and LTR retroelement burden drives evolution of host tandem ZF g

108 old dependency reflects the induction of the retroelement by stress.

109 eficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus and retroelements by cytidine deamination on single-stranded

110 nism to inhibit the reverse transcription of retroelements by RNA binding and sequestration into mRNA

111 The antisense promoter of human LINE-1 (L1) retroelements can direct transcription of adjacent uniqu

112 These results demonstrate how retroelements can significantly shape the regulatory net

113 lly functioned to target host ZF proteins to retroelement capsids.

114 tween innate immune sensing and clearance of retroelement cDNA has important implications for the und

115 r tandem ZF gene evolution, in which new LTR retroelement challenges drive duplication and divergence

116 are a recently described class of eukaryotic retroelements characterized by a GIY-YIG endonuclease do

117 on in vivo and whether the mobility of these retroelements commonly results in insertional and post-i

118 human loci were compared for nucleotide and retroelement composition.

119 r in terms of guanine and cytosine, CpG, and retroelement content, indicating a segregation into dist

120 The biggest change was in retroelement content, with homoeologue 2 having expanded

121 ming the correlation between methylation and retroelement content.

122 ghly heterogeneous distribution of these new retroelement copies result from a combination of two mec

123 ses have assumed a host role and, like their retroelement counterparts, probably function in DNA meta

124 Our data do not support the concept of retroelement-derived cDNA as key triggers of systemic au

125 Its diversity-generating retroelement (DGR) provides a naturally occurring phage-

126 response and in a phage diversity-generating retroelement (DGR).

127 Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) and phase variation mechanisms enha

128 Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are a newly discovered family of ge

129 Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are a unique family of retroelement

130 Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are molecular evolution machines th

131 Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) introduce vast amounts of sequence

132 Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) use mutagenic reverse transcription

133 Here, we show that diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs), which guide site-specific protein

134 genes in the terminal HeT-A, TAHRE, or TART retroelements did not exhibit repressed expression in co

135 c silencing and in methylation of endogenous retroelement DNA.

136 nd retroelement instability, no link between retroelements, DNA methylation, and chromosome instabili

137 y with CENH3, whereas knob repeats and Tekay retroelements do not.

138 e attributed to differential accumulation of retroelements during divergence of the genome diploids f

139 ruses are determined by interactions between retroelement-encoded integrases and specific DNA-bound p

140 ng C2H2-ZF proteins bind specific endogenous retroelements (EREs), ranging from currently active to a

141 , Prem1, Prem2/Ji, Opie, Cinful-1, and Tekay retroelement families were used as FISH probes on mitoti

142 Instead, a new Ty3-gypsy (Metaviridae) retroelement (FRetro3) was found to colonize the centrom

143 For many retroelements, gag and pol are present on separate readi

144 that either contained or lacked the mVL30-1 retroelement generated lung tumors, consistent with earl

145 Retroelement-guided diversification is further shown to

146 n situ hybridization showed that each of the retroelements had a characteristic genomic distribution.

147 inase, APOBEC3H (A3H), in the restriction of retroelements has not yet been fully characterized.

148 Our data indicate that activation of retroelements has produced species-specific expansions o

149 ting against the transposition of endogenous retroelements has, however, been proposed.

150 s-acting promoter elements derived from VL30 retroelements have been effective in expressing tissue-s

151 several complex and simple retroviruses and retroelements have been elucidated, with the exception o

152 Originally discovered in pathogens, these retroelements have been identified in bacteria and their

153 se transcription originating from endogenous retroelements have been suggested to be a major substrat

154 Retroelements have contributed over one third of the hum

155 ases (RTs) encoded by a wide range of mobile retroelements have had a major impact on the structure a

156 olymph, we identified transcripts of a novel retroelement, here named Steamer.

157 genous retroviruses (LMM A3G) and endogenous retroelements (HMM A3G).

158 frataxin promoter can be attributed to these retroelements, illustrating how these elements, consider

159 that LTR class I endogenous retrovirus (ERV) retroelements impact considerably the transcriptional ne

160 retrotransposon DIRS-1 is the most abundant retroelement in Dictyostelium discoideum and constitutes

161 lains the apparent derepression of the AtSN1 retroelement in fpa mutants.

162 rtion occurred before the replication of the retroelement in question.

163 allele is associated with the insertion of a retroelement in the TaFT promoter, whereas in barley, mu

164 urrently play a role in host defense against retroelements in both species.

165 ionary ancestors of spliceosomal introns and retroelements in eukaryotes.

166 Unlike the biased distribution of retroelements in maize, we found no evidence for the pre

167 -1; L1) retrotransposons are the most common retroelements in mammalian genomes.

168 ute the most successful family of autonomous retroelements in mammals and they represent at least 17%

169 iRNAs derived from transgenes and endogenous retroelements in plants.

170 d a genomic conservatism and gradual loss of retroelements in reptiles that culminated in the minimal

171 latively permanent placement of L1 and other retroelements in the human genome.

172 he endogenous RdDM target AtSN1 (a SINE-like retroelement) in suvh2 and suvh9 single as well as suvh2

173 e was characteristic of previously described retroelements, in that it lacks introns and is flanked b

174 cess to nuclear DNA as a model for how other retroelements, including retroviruses like HIV, may util

175 lationship of group II introns to eukaryotic retroelements, including telomeres, and spliceosomes is

176 We found 12 retroelements, including two chicken repeat 1 (CR1) elem

177 has broad antiviral activity against diverse retroelements, including Vif-deficient human immunodefic

178 t in an identical position in both LTRs of a retroelement, indicating that their insertion occurred b

179 Retroelement insertion can alter the expression of nearb

180 d with the TaFT allele carrying the promoter retroelement insertion flowered significantly earlier th

181 unction, one of which contains a hotspot for retroelement insertion.

182 Frequently, retroelement insertions create a different sequence envi

183 d in gene disruption in the A genome include retroelement insertions, sequence deletions, and mutatio

184 t because it has been the frequent target of retroelement insertions.

185 suggestive of methylation perturbations and retroelement instability, no link between retroelements,

186 ion termination poly(A) signal motifs within retroelements interfere with normal gene transcription.

187 in anthers is associated with insertion of a retroelement into the promoter.

188 This retroelement is found in high copy numbers in the O. bra

189 paucity of long simple-sequence repeats and retroelements is consistent with emerging rules of chick

190 ever, a differentiating aspect between these retroelements is the diversity of the replication strate

191 copy number of these IRRE elements (for iris retroelement), is approximately 1 x 10(5), accounting fo

192 , an essential step in the life cycle of all retroelements, is a complex, multistep process whose reg

193 by a genetic element that combines the basic retroelement life cycle of transcription, reverse transc

194 olutionarily young and potentially hazardous retroelements, like SVA, remain methylated.

195 The Fom-2 physical region contained retroelement-like sequences and truncated genes, suggest

196 TR retroelements, MusD, IAP, and the non-LTR retroelement, LINE-1.

197 e estimates based only on divergence between retroelement LTRs.

198 s not explained by insertional biases of the retroelement machinery used for retroposition.

199 potential mechanisms by which this intronic retroelement may induce transcriptional interference in

200 Insertion of new retroelements may directly damage the genome, and the pr

201 Transposition of retroelements may play a role, but its global importance

202 suggests that members of one family of human retroelements may still be capable of movement.

203 Different retroelements meet this challenge by targeting distincti

204 repress genes associated with the endogenous retroelement MERVL, in both embryonic stem cells and emb

205 to the presence of poly(A) signal motifs in retroelements might only partially explain strand-specif

206 adiation and are responsible for most of the retroelement movement and much genome rearrangement with

207 lso a potent inhibitor of the endogenous LTR retroelements, MusD, IAP, and the non-LTR retroelement,

208 1-dependent retrotransposition of marked Alu retroelements not by inhibiting L1 function but by seque

209 The Athila retroelements of Arabidopsis thaliana encode a putative

210 at it is related to but distinct from A-type retroelements of mice and other rodents.

211 s, suggesting that the effect of the mVL30-1 retroelement on metastasis depends not on integration pe

212 evidence for clustering between any of these retroelements: only half the randomly expected number of

213 bp knob sequence) or an abundant euchromatic retroelement (Opie) are undetectable within the same ant

214 n of six abundant long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, Opie, Huck, Cinful-1, Prem-2/Ji, Grande,

215 ut whether CpG methylation merely suppresses retroelements or if it also plays a role in developmenta

216 m of transposition: via an RNA intermediate (retroelements) or via a DNA intermediate (DNA transposon

217 Despite this accumulation of retroelements, over 77% of the duplicated low-copy genes

218 The retroelement paints proved effective for distinguishing

219 element probes, emphasizing the value of the retroelement probes for cytogenetic studies of Zea and T

220 chromosomes with nearly equal intensity, the retroelement probes hybridized strongly to the Zea chrom

221 could be simultaneously visualized with the retroelement probes, emphasizing the value of the retroe

222 ere assessed by pyrosequencing of the LINE-1 retroelement promoter in DNA from 55 salivary gland tiss

223 ngs delineate the potential utility of these retroelement promoters as transcriptionally active, eryt

224 ion and expands the strategies used to limit retroelement propagation.

225 ed ssDNAs are derived from LINE-1 endogenous retroelements, providing new clues as to the development

226 tion to chromosome ends of three specialized retroelements rather than by telomerase activity.

227 aditionally found in high-copy number (e.g., retroelements, rDNA, centromeric repeats), the SLCot lib

228 es cerevisiae are long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements related to retroviruses.

229 been inactivated by mutation, several active retroelements remain.

230 and the ratio of Gag to Pol is critical for retroelement replication.

231 ways in which restriction proteins modulate retroelement replication.

232 ut the segment duplications and diversity of retroelements resembles mammalian sequences.

233 all importance of this conserved activity in retroelement restriction has been questioned by reports

234 es of the mammal-specific, APOBEC3-dependent retroelement restriction system are necessary and conser

235 Retroelements (retrotransposons and retroviruses) have t

236 universal PCR primers, some 80 fragments of retroelement reverse transcriptase genes were isolated f

237 ed in transmission of a mouse VL30 (mVL30-1) retroelement RNA to some of the cells infected by the re

238 cy, resultant accumulation of endogenous Alu-retroelement RNA, and NLRP3-inflammasome activation.

239 D) that form a complex with a noncoding VL30 retroelement RNA, releasing PSF from a gene and reversin

240 These retroelement RNAs are recruited into Staufen-containing

241 with this, germ plasm determinants attracted retroelement RNAs even when these components were ectopi

242 any related bacterial and eukaryotic non-LTR retroelement RTs.

243 The data show that retroelement sequence data do not allow inference of phy

244 Fifty-six retroelement sequences corresponding to the integrase an

245 ylogenetic analysis of these and the genomic retroelement sequences indicated that elements most abun

246 Tripsacum genomic clones containing retroelement sequences were isolated that specifically p

247 cytidine deamination, although mutations in retroelement sequences were not found.

248 strongly suggests that all retroviruses and retroelements share common strategies of post-transcript

249 he framework for the emergence of eukaryotic retroelements, spliceosomal introns and other key compon

250 Retroelement staining in euchromatin was remarkably unif

251 Retroelements, structural RNAs, and gene family expansio

252 ibits a wide range of viruses and endogenous retroelements such as LINE-1, but it can also edit genom

253 ion to limit the replication of a variety of retroelements, such as the long-terminal repeat (LTR)-co

254 anti-viral activity is circumvented by most retroelements, such as through degradation by HIV-1 Vif.

255 n the isolation of differentially methylated retroelements surrounding the locus on Chromosome 10 res

256 a large subset of mammalian retroviruses and retroelements, targeting them for transcriptional silenc

257 s target a substantially broader spectrum of retroelements than previously appreciated.

258 sequence and indicating a lower frequency of retroelements than that found in mammalian genomic DNA.

259 Alu (an endogenous retroelement that also requires reverse transcriptase fo

260 rsed element 1 (L1) is an autonomous non-LTR retroelement that is active in mammalian genomes.

261 interspersed element-1 (L1) is an autonomous retroelement that is active in the human genome.

262 L1 retrotransposons are autonomous retroelements that are active in the human and mouse gen

263 ficant deficit of identical copies of facing retroelements that are close to one another.

264 The mouse genome has multiple copies of VL30 retroelements that are developmentally regulated, and mo

265 plicing introns are phylogenetically diverse retroelements that are widely held to be the ancestors o

266 retroelements (DGRs) are a unique family of retroelements that confer selective advantages to their

267 enerally conserved, although a few nonshared retroelements that differentiate the homologous Glu-1 re

268 ondrial DNA group II introns aI1 and aI2 are retroelements that insert site specifically into intronl

269 Catalytic group II introns are mobile retroelements that invade cognate intronless genes via r

270 Group II introns are mobile retroelements that invade their cognate intron-minus gen

271 interspersed elements (LINEs and SINEs) are retroelements that make up almost half of the human geno

272 phylogenetically diverse introns are mobile retroelements that move through an RNA intermediate.

273 om transposable elements, being dominated by retroelements that move via RNA intermediates.

274 Mobile group II introns are site-specific retroelements that use a novel mobility mechanism in whi

275 accumulation of DNA derived from endogenous retroelements that, if left unchecked, trigger elevated

276 subclass of rodent intracisternal A particle retroelements, that is able to replace Rev-responsive el

277 nd HCV, and retrotransposition of endogenous retroelements through mutagenic and nonmutagenic mechani

278 an unanticipated contribution of endogenous retroelements to autoimmunity.

279 homoplasy-free, phylogenetically informative retroelements to draw a complete picture of the highly c

280 idence for a "stowaway" model, whereby Tahre retroelements traffic to the germ plasm by mimicking osk

281 e by 120% and reveal a history of horizontal retroelement transfer.

282 he question of what cellular factors control retroelement transposition in species that lack APOBEC3

283 sibility of co-option by specific introns of retroelement transposition pathways, respectively.

284 ial relative of soybean, uncovered 23 intact retroelements, two of which had accumulated no mutations

285 d or decreased mobilization of the gypsylike retroelement Ty3.

286 ory change, revealing the role of particular retroelements, uncovering broad clusters of species-bias

287 ase in the transcription of LINE-1 and L1PA2 retroelements upon knockdown of URI.

288 I discuss recent data implicating endogenous retroelements-viruses that make up a substantial fractio

289 Staining for each of the six retroelements was also substantially reduced in centrome

290 The high TF clones containing the mVL30-1 retroelement were strongly metastatic, in contrast to th

291 ns, indicating that insertion times of these retroelements were after the divergence of the two wheat

292 st to the high TF clones lacking the mVL30-1 retroelement, which were weakly metastatic.

293 erspersed element 1 and long terminal repeat retroelements, which are disparately methylated between

294 rinted regions and intracisternal A particle retroelements, which are resistant to demethylation in t

295 repetitive elements in mammalian genomes are retroelements, which have been moved primarily by LINE-1

296 argets to include nuclear DNA and endogenous retroelements, which have pathological and physiological

297 The retroelements, which include endogenous retroviruses, ar

298 ents (LINEs), and long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, which include endogenous retroviruses.

299 These elements constitute a new family of retroelements with the potential to confer selective adv

300 f of the genome is recognizably derived from retroelements, with the two elements that are currently