ライフサイエンスコーパス: ribonucleotide

1 tty acids, or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide.

2 at is very frequently introduced into DNA, a ribonucleotide.

3 l beyond the typical dimension of the single ribonucleotide.

4 vage model for Top1-dependent mutagenesis at ribonucleotides.

5 ated by alkaline cleavage of DNA at embedded ribonucleotides.

6 rectly generated by Top1 at sites of genomic ribonucleotides.

7 including 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3PGA) and ribonucleotides.

8 s for the molecular recognition of adenosine ribonucleotides.

9 inB2 can incorporate at least 16 consecutive ribonucleotides.

10 e 3-OH nick terminus consists of two or more ribonucleotides.

11 of repair mechanisms to remove incorporated ribonucleotides.

12 archaeal RNaseH2 rapidly cleaves at embedded ribonucleotides (200-450 s(-1)), but exhibits an approxi

13 e initiated by Top1 incision at the relevant ribonucleotide 3'-phosphodiester.

14 lymerases that discriminate strongly against ribonucleotides, a property that, in the case of DinB1,

15 hat the substitution of deoxynucleotide with ribonucleotide abolishes the need for WEE1 under replica

16 ncing that allows mapping of the location of ribonucleotides across the genome.

17 avage of the substrate strand at an internal ribonucleotide adenosine (rA) site, resulting in release

18 Our results revealed that ribonucleotides affect DNA structure and conformation on

19 depletion or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), leading to attenuated phosphoryl

20 AMPK agonist, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), suppressed both.

21 The conversion of 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) to 4-carboxy-AIR (CAIR) represents

22 recursor ZMP (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, also known as AICAR) brings about any me

23 We show that precursors of ribonucleotides, amino acids and lipids can all be deriv

24 l-mediated elimination of H2O to deoxygenate ribonucleotides, an example of 'spin-centre shift', duri

25 g DNA synthesis, at the price of embedding a ribonucleotide and a pyrophosphate linkage in the repair

26 Ribonucleotides and 2'-deoxyribonucleotides are the basi

27 racy and the ability to discriminate between ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides.

28 nocyte-derived macrophages, have argued that ribonucleotides and their analogs can, intriguingly, imp

29 the hypothesis that the mutant incorporates ribonucleotides and/or accumulates single-stranded DNA g

30 y of DNA polymerases to discriminate against ribonucleotides, and by the capacity of repair mechanism

31 ing and completing repair of misincorporated ribonucleotides, archaea such as Thermococcus rely only

32 Ribonucleotides are frequently incorporated into DNA dur

33 Ribonucleotides are frequently misincorporated into DNA

34 Here, we show that ribonucleotides are incorporated by the hyperthermophili

35 Ribonucleotides are incorporated into the genome during

36 Ribonucleotides are misincorporated into replicating DNA

37 dual incision/excision assays, we find that ribonucleotides are not efficiently targeted by the huma

38 ile of DnaE, we propose that misincorporated ribonucleotides are removed by NER followed by error-pro

39 Therefore, misincorporated ribonucleotides are targeted by the cell for removal.

40 Ribonucleotides are the most abundant non-canonical comp

41 Ribonucleotides are the most common noncanonical nucleot

42 Ribonucleotides are the natural analogs of deoxyribonucl

43 In this design, the adenosine ribonucleotide at the scissile position of the 8-17 DNAz

44 the replicative polymerases that incorporate ribonucleotides at elevated frequencies, our ribonucleot

45 tentially quantitative detection of embedded ribonucleotides at single-nucleotide resolution.

46 ide 5'-monophosphates to identify a distinct ribonucleotide-binding pocket.

47 how that ZMP (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) binds to and activates a conserved ribos

48 nd post-catalytic complexes of Pol mu with a ribonucleotide bound at the active site.

49 bstitution not only permits incorporation of ribonucleotides but also causes the enzyme to favor fait

50 emonstrated the synthesis of pyrimidine beta-ribonucleotides, but at the cost of ignoring ribose amin

51 ase that is naturally adept at incorporating ribonucleotides by virtue of a leucine in lieu of a cano

52 ex mispairs formed by an oxidized base and a ribonucleotide can compromise BER and RER in repeated se

53 In the absence of RNase H2, such embedded ribonucleotides can be used to track DNA polymerase acti

54 Top1 cleavage at genomic ribonucleotides can produce ribonucleoside-2',3'-cyclic

55 the LarB C terminus resembles aminoimidazole ribonucleotide carboxylase/mutase, LarC binds Ni and cou

56 Embedded ribonucleotides change certain properties of the DNA and

57 The pattern of embedded ribonucleotides changes in a mouse model of Mpv17 defici

58 spacer part bound Cascade and the resulting ribonucleotide complex containing a 41-nt-long crRNA spe

59 the 2'OH in RNA has a profound effect in the ribonucleotide conformational balance, adding an extra l

60 ine dimer formation was markedly enhanced in ribonucleotide-containing DNA, providing a mechanism for

61 PolB formed a ribonucleotide-containing flap by strand displacement sy

62 e and initiate their removal by incising the ribonucleotide-containing strand of an RNA:DNA hybrid.

63 re of TDP2 bound to a substrate bearing a 5'-ribonucleotide defines a mechanism through which RNA can

64 equential Top1 cleavage as the mechanism for ribonucleotide-dependent deletions and provide new insig

65 All DNA polymerases misincorporate ribonucleotides despite their preference for deoxyribonu

66 Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed widespread ribonucleotide distribution, with a strong preference fo

67 NRF1 alone by 5-aminoimidazone-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide does not rescue the phenotype, which, in

68 Incorporation of ribonucleotides during DNA replication has severe conseq

69 DinB2 embeds ribonucleotides during DNA synthesis when rCTP and dCTP

70 pair pathway(s) that repairs DNA damage with ribonucleotides during stationary phase.

71 ch as in Aicardi-Goutieres patients, genomic ribonucleotides either persist or are processed by DNA t

72 to recognize and process abasic and oxidized ribonucleotides embedded in DNA.

73 Ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) removes ribonucleos

74 orporated ribonucleotides must be removed by ribonucleotide excision repair (RER).

75 are commonly repaired by RNase H2-dependent ribonucleotide excision repair (RER).

76 eplication, and they are rapidly repaired by ribonucleotide excision repair (RER).

77 als conservation of the overall mechanism of ribonucleotide excision repair across domains of life.

78 STINGand is associated with reduced cellular ribonucleotide excision repair activity and increasedDNA

79 ea perhaps suggests a more ancestral form of ribonucleotide excision repair compared with the eukaryo

80 They are efficiently removed by ribonucleotide excision repair initiated by RNase H2 cle

81 ensis both in vitro and in vivo and a robust ribonucleotide excision repair pathway is critical to ke

82 We tested if inhibiting the ribonucleotide excision repair pathway would exacerbate

83 Contrary to our expectation, impairment of ribonucleotide excision repair, as well as virtually all

84 ates in short-patch base excision repair and ribonucleotide excision repair.

85 e pattern was only altered in the absence of ribonucleotide excision repair.

86 ry activity for aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (AICARFT), an enzyme in

87 All four analogues inhibited glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFTase).

88 urine nucleotide biosynthesis at glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFTase).

89 and 11 were potent inhibitors of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase in de novo purine biosy

90 C1 and C2 inhibited glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase in de novo purine nucle

91 GARFTase and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase.

92 insulin- and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase-medi

93 MTX inhibits 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/inosine monophosphate c

94 Failure to remove ribonucleotides from DNA results in an increase in genom

95 tical role in targeting the removal of these ribonucleotides from DNA, and defects in RNase H2 activi

96 H2) complex, known for its role in removing ribonucleotides from DNA-RNA duplexes, as suppressor mut

97 nucleotide excision repair in the removal of ribonucleotides from DNA.

98 eic acid repair enzyme that removes unwanted ribonucleotides from DNA.

99 breaks arising during excision of uracils or ribonucleotides from DNA.

100 ls have hence developed mechanisms to remove ribonucleotides from the genome and restore its integrit

101 y our high-throughput annotation of modified ribonucleotides (HAMR) pipeline to identify and classify

102 Here we describe a method for ribonucleotide identification by high-throughput sequenc

103 ribonucleotides at elevated frequencies, our ribonucleotide identification method was adapted to map

104 to an oxidized base or to incise an oxidized ribonucleotide in a DNA duplex.

105 ed polymerases embeds a pyrophosphate-linked ribonucleotide in DNA.

106 s in the first steps toward the synthesis of ribonucleotides in a planetary environment.

107 rlying the link between defective removal of ribonucleotides in AGS and SLE, and these findings will

108 The frequency of ribonucleotides in DNA is determined by deoxyribonucleos

109 vidence for a functional role of misinserted ribonucleotides in DNA, leading to beneficial consequenc

110 ciently cleave within tracts of four or more ribonucleotides in duplex DNA.

111 se H2 function and result in accumulation of ribonucleotides in genomic DNA.

112 Although ribonucleotides in template DNA perturb replicative poly

113 RNase H enzymes sense the presence of ribonucleotides in the genome and initiate their removal

114 d ribonucleotides, the high concentration of ribonucleotides in the nucleus and the imperfect accurac

115 on intermediates, and repair misincorporated ribonucleotides, in preventing genome instability.

116 also did not degrade 3PGA and accumulated no ribonucleotides, including ATP, during incubation for 8

117 mitochondria lack mechanisms for removal of ribonucleotides incorporated by the mtDNA polymerase.

118 a source of DSBs and genome instability when ribonucleotides incorporated by the replicative polymera

119 Genomic ribonucleotides incorporated during DNA replication are

120 ntext of replication and reflect incision at ribonucleotides incorporated during leading-strand synth

121 al dNTPs and the amount of the corresponding ribonucleotides incorporated in mitochondrial DNA, while

122 enomic nicks resulting from gap-filling by a ribonucleotide-incorporating repair polymerase.

123 ion, incorrect nucleotide incorporation, and ribonucleotide incorporation by exonuclease-deficient po

124 Strikingly, increased ribonucleotide incorporation in DNA correlated with the

125 Abundant ribonucleotide incorporation in DNA during replication a

126 Rather, the observed increase in ribonucleotide incorporation in DNA indicates that the s

127 lay a major role in the cellular response to ribonucleotide incorporation in genomic DNA in human cel

128 owerful tool for the systematic profiling of ribonucleotide incorporation in genomic DNA.

129 ne and guanosine, and identified hotspots of ribonucleotide incorporation in nuclear and mitochondria

130 present a systematic study of the effects of ribonucleotide incorporation into DNA molecules.

131 rise from aberrant topoisomerase activity or ribonucleotide incorporation into DNA.

132 These findings suggest aberrant ribonucleotide incorporation is a primary mtDNA abnormal

133 Ribonucleotide incorporation is the most common error oc

134 me stability, but the global distribution of ribonucleotide incorporation is unknown.

135 ould therefore investigate the changes, upon ribonucleotide incorporation, of the structural and conf

136 comes important to understand the effects of ribonucleotides incorporation, starting from their impac

137 e AMP mimetic 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide increases the inhibitory phosphorylation

138 significant amounts of 3PGA and accumulated ribonucleotides, indicative of RNA degradation, and thes

139 In particular, the presence of ribonucleotides induces a systematic shortening of the m

140 s in tandem repeats; in the specific case of ribonucleotide-initiated events, mutations reflect seque

141 Incorporation of ribonucleotides into DNA during genome replication is a

142 Indeed, the persistence of ribonucleotides into DNA leads to severe consequences, s

143 dimer and was recently found to incorporate ribonucleotides into DNA.

144 polymerases have been reported to misinsert ribonucleotides into genomes.

145 rase beta (POL beta) capacity to incorporate ribonucleotides into trinucleotide repeated DNA sequence

146 The C2'-carbon-hydrogen bond in ribonucleotides is significantly weaker than other carbo

147 hereas RnhA does not incise an embedded mono-ribonucleotide, it can efficiently cleave within tracts

148 nlike cytomegaloviruses, EEHV genomes encode ribonucleotide kinase B subunit (RRB), thymidine kinase

149 Non-enzymatic oligomerization of activated ribonucleotides leads to ribonucleic acids that contain

150 factor recruitment, ribosomal RNA synthesis, ribonucleotide levels, and affects ribosomal DNA stabili

151 urine nucleotides suggests that 8-oxo-purine ribonucleotides may have played a key role in primordial

152 ind that 5-FU and FUDR act through bacterial ribonucleotide metabolism to elicit their cytotoxic effe

153 sion involving bacterial vitamin B6, B9, and ribonucleotide metabolism.

154 Additionally, RNase H2 can remove single ribonucleotides misincorporated into DNA during replicat

155 tial role for genome stability as it removes ribonucleotides misincorporated into genomic DNA by repl

156 Viral genetic diversity is created by the ribonucleotide misincorporation frequency of the viral R

157 Recently, however, another side to ribonucleotide misincorporation has emerged, where there

158 oth positive and negative effects of genomic ribonucleotide misincorporation in various organisms, ai

159 Ribonucleotide monophosphates (rNMPs) are among the most

160 ase H2 the only enzyme able to remove single ribonucleotide-monophosphates (rNMPs) embedded in DNA.

161 discriminate against rNTPs and incorporated ribonucleotides must be removed by ribonucleotide excisi

162 unt separately for the pyrimidine and purine ribonucleotides; no divergent synthesis from common prec

163 orated dNs occurring at 1 per 10(3) to 10(5) ribonucleotide (nt) in mRNA, rRNAs and tRNA in human cel

164 o-oligomer DNA sequences containing 10 deoxy-ribonucleotides of thymine, adenine, cytosine, or guanin

165 ication, DNA polymerases tolerate patches of ribonucleotides on the parental strands to different ext

166 ER activity is affected by the presence of a ribonucleotide opposite an 8-oxodG.

167 amage-stalled replication by inserting deoxy-ribonucleotides opposite DNA damage sites resulting in e

168 y incorporates deoxyribonucleotides, but not ribonucleotides, opposite an abasic site, with kinetic p

169 tion medium caused no significant changes in ribonucleotide or 3PGA levels.

170 tyrosine linked to a single misincorporated ribonucleotide or to polyribonucleotides, which expands

171 rolyze RNA to release 2'-deoxyribonucleotide-ribonucleotide pairs (dNrN) that are then quantified by

172 mitochondrial DNA, while in nuclear DNA the ribonucleotide pattern was only altered in the absence o

173 DNA polymerases incorporate as many as 1,000 ribonucleotides per genome, RNaseH2 must be efficient at

174 t that Tau depletion affects rRNA synthesis, ribonucleotide pool balance, and rDNA stability.

175 for maintaining cellular guanine deoxy- and ribonucleotide pools needed for DNA and RNA synthesis.

176 l) formimino)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleotide (PRFAR) in the histidine biosynthesis pat

177 yl)formimino]-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (PRFAR).

178 e incorporation of incorrect nucleotides and ribonucleotides primarily through reduced nucleotide bin

179 n1), and DNA ligase are required to complete ribonucleotide processing.

180 yl)formimino]-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (ProFAR) to N'-((5'-phosphoribulosyl) for

181 d retained self-immune complexes composed of ribonucleotide proteins, autoantibody, and complement.

182 Human ribonucleotide reductase (hRR) is crucial for DNA replic

183 homologous to the small subunit of class Ic ribonucleotide reductase (R2c) but has a completely diff

184 y of their respective rate-limiting enzymes, ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and deoxycytidine kinase

185 The expression of genes encoding the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and proteins that facilit

186 ates accumulate during activation of class I ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) beta subunits, which self

187 Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the conversion

188 Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the reduction o

189 mutations that increase the activity of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) complex.

190 Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) converts ribonucleotides

191 Escherichia coli class Ia ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) converts ribonucleotides

192 The ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) enzyme catalyzes an essen

193 t does not suppress their sensitivity to the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitor hydroxyurea (HU

194 Ribonucleotide reductase (RnR) is a key enzyme synthesiz

195 Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is an essential iron-depe

196 Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is the only enzyme capabl

197 Substrate turnover in class Ia ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) requires reversible radic

198 Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) supplies the balanced poo

199 Many pathogenic organisms require class Ib ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) to catalyze the conversio

200 The di-iron enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) uses a diferric-tyrosyl r

201 cifically incorporated into E. coli class Ia ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) using the recently evolve

202 ive copies of nrdB, encoding beta-subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), a critical enzyme involv

203 In class 1a ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), a substrate-based radica

204 Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), containing regulatory hR

205 of dNTP biosynthesis in mammals, the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), impacts cancer susceptib

206 stems primarily from the inhibition of human ribonucleotide reductase (RNR).

207 dNTP) pools, which are strictly regulated by ribonucleotide reductase (RNR).

208 Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) catalyzes the rate-limitin

209 We recently found that the ribonucleotide reductase (RR) subunit M2 is potentially

210 ath pathways using the large subunit (R1) of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) to suppress apoptosis by b

211 l2 reduces intracellular dNTPs by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase activity, thereby providing ins

212 ext two deal with specific cases, the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase and iron/manganese homeostasis

213 on of the gene encoding the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase and of the K3L gene to allow ad

214 It inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and reversibly arrests cells in

215 likely involves the allosteric regulation of ribonucleotide reductase and severe limitations of the d

216 and that negative feedback between dATP and ribonucleotide reductase ensures tight control of dNTP c

217 many DNA damage induced genes, including the ribonucleotide reductase genes, which regulate cellular

218 work by Wang et al. (2014), reveal that HSV ribonucleotide reductase has opposing activities in eith

219 hda strain and hda(+) strains exposed to the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor hydroxyurea.

220 idine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone), a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, has been extensively

221 Escherichia coli class Ia ribonucleotide reductase is composed of two subunits (al

222 The HSV ribonucleotide reductase large subunit R1 was sufficient

223 uctures that are induced by ORF61, the viral ribonucleotide reductase large subunit.

224 ystem II, the phytochrome photoreceptor, and ribonucleotide reductase R2 illustrate the power and ver

225 These are the class Ic ribonucleotide reductase R2 proteins and a group of oxid

226 ne non-redundant homologous genes, including ribonucleotide reductase small subunit (a gene conserved

227 Ribonucleotide reductase small subunit B (RRM2B) is a st

228 We show that RRM2, a ribonucleotide reductase subunit, is the target of this

229 nown mechanisms of upregulated expression of ribonucleotide reductase, 14-3-3sigma expression is dram

230 active site similar to that in hemerythrin, ribonucleotide reductase, and methane monooxygenase, all

231 . patens proliferating cell nuclear antigen, ribonucleotide reductase, and minichromosome maintenance

232 The rate-limiting enzyme of dNTP synthesis, ribonucleotide reductase, is inhibited by endogenous lev

233 S phase, and DNA polymerase-alpha, PCNA, and ribonucleotide reductase, which are essential for the in

234 rofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase and ribonucleotide reductase, while also spotlighting new en

235 G levels and expression of the p53-inducible ribonucleotide reductase.

236 akin to the tyrosine dyad (Y730 and Y731) of ribonucleotide reductase.

237 xposure to hydroxyurea (HU), an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase.

238 Ribonucleotide reductases (RNR) catalyze the reduction o

239 Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are ancient enzymes tha

240 Eukaryotic ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are Fe-dependent enzyme

241 The class III ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are glycyl radical (G*)

242 Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion

243 Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion

244 Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion

245 Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the reduction

246 A fascinating discovery in the chemistry of ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) has been the identifica

247 Eukaryotic ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) require a diferric-tyro

248 The class III anaerobic ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) studied to date couple

249 s Ib (NrdEF) and anaerobic class III (NrdDG) ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) that perform the essent

250 and deoxynucleotide production catalyzed by ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs).

251 Eukaryotic class I ribonucleotide reductases (RRs) generate deoxyribonucleo

252 educing equivalents for cofactor assembly in ribonucleotide reductases and highlight issues associate

253 R2) subunit of the class 1a Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductases by reaction with O2 followed b

254 and likely repair of the metallocofactor of ribonucleotide reductases in both bacteria and the buddi

255 The proteins required for S. sanguinis ribonucleotide reduction (NrdE and NrdF, alpha and beta

256 lication and repair suggesting that impaired ribonucleotide removal contributes to AGS pathogenesis.

257 general DNA repair mechanisms contribute to ribonucleotide removal from DNA in human cells is not kn

258 Our analysis uncovers major differences in ribonucleotide repair between the two genomes and provid

259 The lack of redundancies in ribonucleotide repair in archaea perhaps suggests a more

260 Ribonucleotides represent a major threat to genome integ

261 logically relevant beta-anomer form of these ribonucleotides, revealing abiotic mechanisms by which n

262 es that remove both R-loops and incorporated ribonucleotides (rNs) from DNA, grow slowly, suggesting

263 ble to extend RNA primers in the presence of ribonucleotides (rNTPs), and that these reactions are an

264 dicates that miRNAs posess a highly selected ribonucleotide sequence structure, are part of an evolut

265 charomyces cerevisiae, we developed embedded ribonucleotide sequencing (emRiboSeq), which uses recomb

266 te strand from the Top1-induced DNA nicks at ribonucleotide sites.

267 DNA nicks bearing 2',3'-cyclic phosphates at ribonucleotide sites.

268 ng of eitherRNA:DNAhybrid or genome-embedded ribonucleotide substrates is thought to lead to activati

269 enzyme is responsible for reducing all four ribonucleotide substrates, with specificity regulated by

270 y difference is the extra 2'-OH group on the ribonucleotide sugar.

271 efficient in utilizing low concentrations of ribonucleotides than T7 RNA polymerase.

272 of solid tissues contains many more embedded ribonucleotides than that of cultured cells, consistent

273 When inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP), a ribonucleotide that potentiates the l-glutamate signal t

274 o the similarity of deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides, the high concentration of ribonucleotid

275 red cells, consistent with the high ratio of ribonucleotide to deoxynucleotide triphosphates in tissu

276 ution of DNA:RNA hybrids and misincorporated ribonucleotides to chromosome instability also was uncer

277 NRs) studied to date couple the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxynucleotides with the oxidation o

278 s Ia ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) converts ribonucleotides to deoxynucleotides.

279 tases (RNRs) are ancient enzymes that reduce ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides and thus prime D

280 reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides in all organisms

281 reductase (RNR) catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides to provide the m

282 Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, a reaction that

283 reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, and represent t

284 t perform the essential function of reducing ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides.

285 cient at recognizing and nicking at embedded ribonucleotides to ensure genome integrity.

286 e reductase (RNR) catalyzes the reduction of ribonucleotides to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotide

287 reductases (RNRs) catalyze the reduction of ribonucleotides to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotide

288 8) and ATIC (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase/inosine monophosphate cycl

289 le most DNA polymerases discriminate against ribonucleotide triphosphate (rNTP) incorporation very ef

290 nt form of DNA aberration, as high ratios of ribonucleotide triphosphate:deoxyribonucleotide triphosp

291 Ribonucleotide triphosphates (rNTPs) are incorporated in

292 The cellular pool of ribonucleotide triphosphates (rNTPs) is higher than that

293 magnitude slower than those for amino-sugar ribonucleotides under the same conditions, and copying o

294 mitochondrial genomes incorporate and remove ribonucleotides, we challenged these processes by changi

295 Ribonucleotides were primarily incorporated on the newly

296 ys preserves the capacity to remove a single ribonucleotide when paired to an oxidized base or to inc

297 Most, however, reflect enzyme incision at ribonucleotides, which are the most abundant noncanonica

298 molecules (hundreds of basepairs) containing ribonucleotides, which is based on a modified protocol f

299 life, depletion of prebiotically synthesised ribonucleotides would have driven the evolution of a bio

300 elevation of 5-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (ZMP) and growth inhibition in NCI-H460 a