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1 er half of the isolates belonged to a single ribotype.
2 inst 16 C. difficile isolates of defined PCR-ribotype.
3 e composition and expression of a particular ribotype.
4 1988 to 1994, 16 of which involved a single ribotype.
5 t both the epidemic 027 ribotype and the 012 ribotype.
6 in nor nisin inhibited outgrowth for the 012 ribotype.
7 typing was performed on clusters of the same ribotype.
8 es were found among the 15 strains that were ribotyped.
9 Fifteen selected strains were ribotyped.
10 s contained both multiple REA groups and PCR ribotypes.
11 enes appeared to be associated with specific ribotypes.
12 tet genes were found among various ribotypes.
13 ctrophoresis types, 4 coagulase types, and 2 ribotypes.
14 57 isolates produced 97 PFGE profiles and 51 ribotypes.
15 ad previously been categorized into 19 PvuII ribotypes.
16 re similar adjusting for locally circulating ribotypes.
17 etitive fitness compared to strains of other ribotypes.
18 027 strains outcompeted the strains of other ribotypes.
19 to three non-toxigenic strains of different ribotypes.
20 nd 078) cause more severe disease than other ribotypes.
21 test using MLVA and in the control using PCR ribotyping.
22 y rate was 90%, yielding 11,294 isolates for ribotyping.
23 ormed by sequencing of the tcdC gene and PCR ribotyping.
24 All C. difficile strains were typed by PCR-ribotyping.
25 iginating from 26 countries were analyzed by ribotyping.
26 consistent with those of both emm typing and ribotyping.
27 staphylococcal (CoNS) isolates identified by ribotyping.
28 g pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) or ribotyping.
29 ce typing (using six housekeeping genes) and ribotyping.
30 tergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR, and automated ribotyping.
31 nal strain, all 90 isolates were analyzed by ribotyping.
32 the results of the Dienes test and those of ribotyping.
33 racterized by serotyping and automated EcoRI ribotyping.
34 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and ribotyping.
35 olates was further differentiated with PvuII ribotyping.
36 nth period were typed by the Dienes test and ribotyping.
37 ans strains was evaluated by both AP-PCR and ribotyping.
38 que strains as judged by the Dienes test and ribotyping.
39 cible and could be used as an alternative to ribotyping.
40 hat afforded by plasmid profile analysis and ribotyping.
41 ates were typed by polymerase chain reaction ribotyping.
42 typed using high-throughput, fluorescent PCR ribotyping.
43 analysis (MLVA) compared to typing using PCR ribotyping.
44 . difficile strains, including the J strain (ribotype 001 and PFGE NAP2), the toxin A-negative 017 st
46 he Xpert C. difficile assay for detection of ribotypes 002, 027, and 106 (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and
47 t the NAPCR1 variant belongs to C. difficile ribotype 012 and sequence type 54, as does the reference
49 and PCR ribotyping; sequence type 37 (ST37)/ribotype 017 (RT017) (n = 68, 16.5%) was the dominant ge
50 infection with indistinguishable isolates of ribotype 017, with evidence of spread both within and be
55 and used it to test competition between four ribotype 027 clinical isolates and clinical isolates of
56 assess the in vitro recovery of C. difficile ribotype 027 contamination ( approximately 10(0), 10(1),
59 ent work has raised some doubt as to whether ribotype 027 strains are hypervirulent, the strains are
60 de that one possible mechanism through which ribotype 027 strains have caused outbreaks worldwide is
64 at could lead to the increased prevalence of ribotype 027 strains would be if these strains had incre
65 rulence factors toxin A and B, epidemic, PCR Ribotype 027 strains, such as R20291, produce a third to
66 Adjusting for covariates, including age, Ribotype 027 was a significant predictor of severe CDI (
68 d-field gel electrophoresis strain type NAP1/ribotype 027) was the most prevalent (32.6%); 43.5% of t
78 11), then clade 2 (20% [111 of 560]; 99% PCR ribotype 027/ST 1) versus clade 1 (12% [137 of 1168]; ad
79 phylogenetic clade of C. difficile strains (ribotype 027; North American pulsed-field electrophoresi
81 also demonstrated with key disease isolates (ribotypes 027 and 078), which are members of the hypervi
86 [16 of 63]; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotype 078/ST 11), then clade 2 (20% [111 of 560]; 99%
87 shedding of three L. monocytogenes subtypes (ribotypes 1058A, 1039E and 1042B) using data from one st
88 ws that shed any L. monocytogenes subtype or ribotypes 1058A, 1039E, and 1042B, (ii) the duration of
89 r, across all pairs of samples sharing a PCR ribotype, 192/283 (68%) differed by >10 STRDs and 217/28
90 Of 350 isolates, 244 (70%) were known PCR ribotypes, 224 (68%) were 1 of 8 common REA groups, and
92 between three-fourths of pediatric and adult ribotype 265 strains, without a clear epidemiological li
104 pitope sequences across several C. difficile ribotypes and homologous repeat sequences within TcdA su
105 the hypotheses that infection with specific ribotypes and presence of stool toxins independently ass
106 sures favouring multidrug-resistant epidemic ribotypes and was associated with substantial declines i
107 sures favouring multidrug-resistant epidemic ribotypes and was associated with substantial declines i
109 monocytogenes isolates were characterized by ribotyping and allelic analysis of the virulence genes h
110 ates were typed by polymerase chain reaction-ribotyping and analyzed for the presence of toxin genes.
114 It was recently reported that both PvuII ribotyping and HinfI/DdeI restriction endonuclease analy
115 rsity within the C. diphtheriae species, and ribotyping and MEE data generally correlated well with e
116 ence in the mean turnaround time between the ribotyping and MLVA typing (13.6 and 5.3 days, respectiv
117 Routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyping and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-rep
119 e finding that differences in the results of ribotyping and plasmid analysis change over time suggest
120 was more discriminatory than EcoRI or PvuII ribotyping and provided subtype data with better epidemi
121 stant isolates was investigated by automated ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
132 ciated disease serotypes, virulence factors, ribotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes.
134 een Listeria monocytogenes genetic lineages, ribotypes, and serotypes, 235 L. monocytogenes isolates
137 AT probes was less discriminating than MLST, ribotyping, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic co
139 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ribotyping, and multilocus sequence typing are commonly
142 g methods, such as serotyping, phage typing, ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, can yi
143 olates by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, ribotyping, and random amplified polymorphic DNA showed
144 Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ribotyping, and repetitive extragenic palindromic sequen
145 rotyping, pulsed-field restriction analysis, ribotyping, and repetitive-sequence (BOX element) PCR.
146 Restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), PCR ribotyping, and serogrouping differentiated 11, 4, and 3
147 popular C. difficile-typing technique is PCR ribotyping, and we previously developed methods using fl
148 tinct from those seen elsewhere, and certain ribotypes appeared to be unique to particular countries.
153 s strains and isolates of a single ribotype, ribotype B, recovered between 1939 and 1998 from patient
154 lved macrochromosomal RFLPs were analyzed, a ribotype-based phylogenic tree was constructed, and case
158 gree of diversity observed by PFGE, MEE, and ribotyping can be explained by the fact that isolates we
161 tion through dysbiosis, epidemic C difficile ribotypes characterised by multidrug resistance might de
162 four other molecular subtyping methods: MEE, ribotyping (ClaI), random amplified polymorphic DNA assa
163 and healthy tissues was the dominance of one ribotype, closely related to the plant pathogen, Rhytism
164 deep-sea leech species (80-94% of recovered ribotypes) collected over 19 months from two different l
165 erior discriminatory performance of the PFGE-ribotyping combination was proven in two ways: (i) by de
170 ertain whether the Eastern European epidemic ribotype could be further discriminated, 10 strains of r
172 (intergenic transcribed spacer PCR [ITS-PCR] ribotyping) could distinguish among type strains of the
173 iscrimination [D] = 0.995) than either EcoRI ribotyping (D = 0.950) or AscI or ApaI single-enzyme PFG
174 ould be further discriminated, 10 strains of ribotype D1 (the epidemic ribotype) from different geogr
178 2 million diatom V9-18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ribotypes, derived from 293 size-fractionated plankton c
179 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR ribotyping, detection of a binary toxin gene, and detect
180 NAP1V) belongs to the NAP1 genotype but to a ribotype different from the epidemic NAP1/RT027 strain.
182 d Corethron We found only a few cosmopolitan ribotypes displaying an even distribution across station
183 e for identifying polymorphism was PstI-SphI ribotyping, distinguishing a total of 22 patterns, 10 of
185 problem, with cross-infection and a distinct ribotype distribution, in a large Chinese hospital.
187 ical burdens from C difficile infections and ribotype distributions in a health board serving 11% of
189 ose proximity did not necessarily share more ribotype diversity than institutions that were farther a
190 m difficile outbreaks suggested that certain ribotypes (eg, 027 and 078) cause more severe disease th
195 lative abundance of 98 Clostridium difficile ribotypes from clinical cases of disease at health care
196 ted, 10 strains of ribotype D1 (the epidemic ribotype) from different geographical regions were rando
198 ntibiotic susceptibility, biochemical tests, ribotyping, genome restriction mapping, and multilocus s
200 the RNA pool, which we refer to here as the 'ribotype', has a different information content from the
203 fficile typing platform that is based on PCR-ribotyping in conjunction with a semiautomated molecular
204 emperature sediments, ANMEs allied to ANME-1 ribotypes, including a putative ANME-1c group, were foun
209 o were examined by biotyping, PvuII and SmaI ribotyping, IS200 fingerprinting, and pulsed-field gel e
210 th three well-established molecular methods (ribotyping, macrorestriction analysis of genomic DNA, an
211 ferences among isolates, and unlike PFGE and ribotyping, microarrays can be used to identify specific
215 c cats were found to exhibit the predominant ribotypes observed among human clinical isolates, sugges
217 y were challenged with pure cultures, all 10 ribotypes of C. difficile generated higher colony counts
218 rized by ribotyping to determine whether the ribotypes of the cat isolates were genotypically related
220 tified a total of 237 quantifiable bacterial ribotypes, of which an average of 73 community members w
222 ept for patients infected with hypervirulent ribotypes or with stool incontinence, to determine the r
223 of discrimination among isolates than either ribotyping or PFGE, although strain clustering was simil
224 ), and the sensitivity of GDH algorithms for ribotypes other than 027 was lower than that for Xpert C
225 competitive advantage was observed when two ribotype pairs were competed in a mouse model of C. diff
226 olate of anesthesiologist A had an identical ribotype pattern (strain 1); the remaining case-patient'
232 bination of these virulence gene alleles and ribotype patterns separated L. monocytogenes into three
233 ical, antimicrobial susceptibility, and BglI ribotype patterns that differed from the second patient'
234 s from New Orleans and Jackson had different ribotype patterns, suggesting that the two outbreaks wer
238 C. difficile infection (CDI) to test whether ribotype predicted clinical severity when adjusted for t
240 C. difficile isolates revealed multiple PCR ribotypes present and the emergence of rifamycin resista
242 of the clinical M1 isolates shared a single ribotype, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis macrorestrict
244 comparison of four molecular typing methods (ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE], ran
245 unction with other molecular techniques (16S ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and detect
247 clonal group of C. diphtheriae (PFGE type A, ribotype R1), which was identical to the predominant epi
250 elated isolates, the predominant RiboPrinter ribotype represented 50% of the strains, while the large
253 protein A gene sequence typing (slpAST), PCR-ribotyping, restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), mul
254 . Y. pestis strains and isolates of a single ribotype, ribotype B, recovered between 1939 and 1998 fr
258 ethods, including phage typing (PT) (n = 7), ribotyping (RT) (n = 13), and pulsed-field gel electroph
260 ined by multilocus sequence analysis and PCR ribotyping; sequence type 37 (ST37)/ribotype 017 (RT017)
262 presented herein, the combination of REA and ribotyping should provide valuable information in unders
265 ntly provided more discriminatory power than ribotyping, there were examples where the use of ribotyp
266 and seven cat isolates were characterized by ribotyping to determine whether the ribotypes of the cat
268 the restriction endonuclease XbaI, while for ribotyping, two restriction endonucleases (PstI and SphI
270 standardized suspensions of 10 C. difficile ribotypes (untreated and alcohol treated) that were also
271 ctors by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ribotyped using high-throughput, fluorescent PCR ribotyp
272 c DNA, plasmid profiling, protein profiling, ribotyping using 5S, 16S, and 23S rDNA probes, and polym
274 e if the identical polymerase chain reaction ribotype was identified in index-contact pairs, and as c
275 the P. haemolytica isolates, while only one ribotype was observed for the limited number of P. multo
286 dentified among all strains examined, and 12 ribotypes were found among the 15 strains that were ribo
289 ifficile were recovered, and seven different ribotypes were identified, the dominant types being 017
293 r biotype differentiation; however, PFGE and ribotyping were better (and equal to each other) at disc
294 indistinguishable by the Dienes test and/or ribotyping were characterized further by pulsed-field ge
295 Eleven covariates, including C. difficile ribotype, were significant predictors of severe CDI in u
296 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ribotyping, were used to characterize 207 Escherichia co
299 criminatory ability of MLVA was greater than ribotyping, with 85 outbreaks being confirmed by ribotyp
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