ライフサイエンスコーパス: roughness

1 sponds to a well-known perceptual attribute, roughness.

2 e microscopy (AFM) investigations due to its roughness.

3 tropically with up to 0.8 nm average surface roughness.

4 g aboveground biomass and increasing surface roughness.

5 accompanied by detrimental changes in tissue roughness.

6 n gradient, depletion in density, or surface roughness.

7 on of the nanowire based sample by a surface roughness.

8 irreversibility in electrode composition and roughness.

9 rface hardness and slight changes in surface roughness.

10 eas collagen digestion decreased the surface roughness.

11 gold surface and the increase of the surface roughness.

12 but without a concomitant loss in landscape roughness.

13 e folding mechanism and reduce the landscape roughness.

14 ndependent depletion interaction and surface roughness.

15 sponses to generate predictions of perceived roughness.

16 es, also characterized by larger patches and roughness.

17 ons in centimeter-to-decimeter-scale surface roughness.

18 formation, stability, adhesion, and surface roughness.

19 t smooth and electrodes have their intrinsic roughness.

20 reflectivity data with monotonic increase in roughness.

21 oriented Pt and Au films with sub-nanometer roughness.

22 s control of the film morphology and surface roughness.

23 nts that result from inevitable atomic scale roughness.

24 Surface roughness 0.5 nm and 4.7 nm are achieved for Ra and peak

25 combination of hardness (534.58 gf.mm(-2)), roughness (0.07 mum) and density (4.41 g.cm(-3)).

26 results in a nanoporous granular morphology (roughness~10 nm) that provides a functionalized conducti

27 epositing Al at 100 degrees C with a surface roughness 9.2 nm, which caused an inclination angle of

28 hology of the with LbL films, with increased roughness according to atomic force microscopy data.

29 We show how roughness alone, if made of a specific doubly reentrant

30 lds a very flat (0.43 nm of root-mean-square roughness), amorphous carbon film consisting of a mixtur

31 Knoop microhardness tester (final SMH), and roughness and 2D profiles using atomic force microscopy

32 Although, an increase in both roughness and [Eu(III)] resulted in enhanced colloid dep

33 ce of adhesion was sensitive to both surface roughness and aqueous chemistry.

34 changes such as an increase in cell surface roughness and cell height.

35 Surface roughness and charge heterogeneity effects may have also

36 This leads to reduction in scattering from roughness and charged impurities, and enhanced carrier m

37 ersible attachment with, surfaces of varying roughness and compliance under wetted high-shear conditi

38 t the decrease in the diameter and increased roughness and correlation lengths makes the heat phonon

39 etermining the physical behaviors (hardness, roughness and density) of flakes of the ZrO2 nanoparticl

40 The effect of domain size on surface roughness and depth modulation was explored and related

41 Parameters of surface roughness and electrical charge were established by atom

42 microscopy, which showed substantial surface roughness and evidence of matrix-dependent ablation yiel

43 he tip of each fiber to increase the surface roughness and facilitate adsorption of silver nanopartic

44 speed of folding (and unfolding), landscape roughness and folding mechanism, simply by substituting

45 lusters on Mg surfaces determine the surface roughness and formation of faulted structure, which in t

46 of various surface properties revealed that roughness and hydrophilicity are likely prominent parame

47 tudy, we examined the effects of interfacial roughness and interdigital stochasticity on the strength

48 e nature of the relationship between surface roughness and K for clean indoor surfaces.

49 Time invariant root-mean-squared roughness and local roughness morphology were both obser

50 t relates the threshold adhesive strength to roughness and material properties, explaining why most m

51 e photocurable resins to enhance the surface roughness and mechanical strength of the microstructures

52 tant layers are deposited, combining surface roughness and necessary chemistry to result in four diff

53 m proves remarkably robust against interface roughness and offers a new route towards nanolasing, the

54 ectivity provides information on the surface roughness and orientation of the antibody.

55 s no significant correlation between surface roughness and P. gingivalis attachment.

56 with various chemistries and architectures (roughness and porosity) were evaluated: (i) bare and (ii

57 ni-HCl and show that films exhibit a reduced roughness and potentially pinhole-free coverage of the s

58 red from low electron sensitivity, line edge roughness and scalability constraints.

59 A significant increase in surface roughness and stiffness of the cell is observed after NM

60 interface, such as by spatial variations in roughness and substrate adhesion, can give rise to signi

61 peramphiphobicity is an effect where surface roughness and surface chemistry combine to generate surf

62 echniques towards the fabrication of surface roughness and surface modification with low-surface-ener

63 has wide-ranging effects on both the surface roughness and the internal diameter profile along the le

64 dicted depth profile is dominated by the rms roughness and the large information depth because of the

65 Such advanced functionality is due to roughness and the TiO2 layers on the ablated surface dur

66 In this paper we evaluate the effect of roughness and thickness of silver film substrates, fabri

67 on these substrates strongly depend on both roughness and thickness, with more significant contribut

68 he optical interference generated by surface roughness and to capture a large number of 3D particle t

69 e investigate the effects of the endothelium roughness and uncertain (random) spatial variability on

70 e to modify cell-surface parameters, such as roughness and zeta potential.

71 urfaces often increase bubble nucleation via roughness and/or wettability modification to increase pe

72 f 10 nm critical dimension, 1.2 nm line-edge roughness, and 20 mJ cm(-2) exposure dose.

73 the folding rate constants, reduce landscape roughness, and alter the folding mechanism to one resemb

74 bserved on electrode surfaces with different roughness, and both appeared suitable to monitor MMP-9 a

75 ms with full surface coverage, small surface roughness, and grain size up to microscale.

76 effect, lattice-mismatch-induced strain, and roughness, and growth conditions, in particular, growth

77 nts in scar pigmentation, thickness, surface roughness, and mechanical suppleness.

78 e with tunable compressive strength, surface roughness, and porosity based on the fiber length includ

79 Nanowires with finite edge roughness are also investigated, and these demonstrate h

80 propriate surface chemistry, porosity and/or roughness are required.

81 inewidths in the sub-500 nm range, line edge roughness as small as approximately 45 nm, and thickness

82 cluding high surface coverage, small surface roughness, as well as controllable grain size.

83 ce area and local flow conditions created by roughness asperities.

84 y because of the low shear stress zones near roughness asperities.

85 chemically specific interactions and surface roughness at metal/organic interfaces, is critical to th

86 ide (a-SiO x ) films with varying degrees of roughness at the oxide-electrode interface.

87 Surface roughness at the SIMS crater bottoms is characterized by

88 that flow resistance (representing landscape roughness attributable to topography or vegetation densi

89 spatial variation and firing rate models of roughness based on these simulated responses to generate

90 The film can be as thin as 6 nm, with a roughness below 1 nm and excellent mechanical flexibilit

91 very uniform and smooth surface morphology (roughness below 2.0 nm on the scale of 10 mum x 10 mum)

92 The resulting GaP films have surface roughnesses below 1 nm RMS and exhibit room temperature

93 The erosion rate decay and surface roughness buildup, on the other hand, exhibit a rather s

94 significant improvements in skin texture and roughness/bumpiness in KP patients with Fitzpatrick skin

95 The median roughness/bumpiness score was 1.0 (IQR, 1-2) for the tre

96 median overall score combining erythema and roughness/bumpiness was 3.0 (IQR, 2-4) for the treatment

97 isease severity score, including redness and roughness/bumpiness, with each graded on a scale of 0 (l

98 e antistatic gun treatment increased surface roughness but not oxygen content.

99 slightly thinner enamel with greater surface roughness, but exhibited the same pattern of enamel malf

100 Etched enamel surfaces were compared for roughness by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images.

101 mical state and without altering the surface roughness by swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation.

102 rk can be observed and quantified by surface roughness calculations and automated morphometrics.

103 The influence of this landscape roughness can, in turn, be quantitatively explained by a

104 roteins strongly decreases with the membrane roughness caused by thermally excited membrane shape flu

105 antibodies with NPO films increased surface roughness causing diffuse scattering resulting in 24% mo

106 mmunity shifts affect land surface cover and roughness-changes that can dramatically alter albedo.

107 responses to the dot patterns used in these roughness coding experiments using a model of skin mecha

108 For decades, the dominant theory of roughness coding in the somatosensory nerves posited tha

109 al graphene with low defectivity and surface roughness comparable with that grown on conventional SiC

110 Media/collector surface roughness consistently influenced colloid deposition in

111 The question then is: how is roughness constancy achieved?

112 ting that the hand movement is necessary for roughness constancy in both direct and indirect touch.

113 Roughness constancy is also preserved during pseudo-pass

114 Here, we show that roughness constancy is preserved during active but not p

115 motor efference copy-is necessary to achieve roughness constancy.

116 ghness, Rq) range was 100-2000 nm, including roughness contribution from asperities of several tens o

117 polishing to reveal approximately nanometer roughness, coplanar all-diamond structures.

118 At roughnesses corresponding to that of healthy astrocytes,

119 face properties by varying the chemistry and roughness could be of interest for self-cleaning applica

120 Surface roughness decreased, or even eliminated, the gap between

121 We present a theory that explains the roughness dependence of the binding constant for the anc

122 e mechanism of the POT thickness/POT surface roughness dependency on the electrochemical reactivity o

123 .007 m/s) positively correlated with biofilm roughness due to enlarged biofilm surface area and local

124 ecently demonstrated controllable microscale roughness, ease of operation, fast response, and possibi

125 Using fMRI, we show that acoustic roughness engages subcortical structures critical to rap

126 It is widely believed that media surface roughness enhances particle deposition-numerous, but inc

127 stood by the significant increase in surface roughness evident by force microscopy.

128 lues of the anisotropy exponent zeta and the roughness exponents chix,y that characterize these corre

129 epitaxial SrRuO3 thin films with low surface roughness fabricated by pulsed laser deposition are stud

130 erformance and robustness in the presence of roughness, fabrication errors, and surface diffusion.

131 nt (Cf,exp) for a given value of the surface roughness factor (R).

132 al defects in the membrane and increased the roughness factor of the membrane surface.

133 resulted in electrodes that exhibited large roughness factors and required 0.5 V less overpotential

134 nfer that electrode surface interactions and roughness factors are critical considerations.

135 produced using two different methods: Large roughness features were created by electrodeposition on

136 by electrodeposition on copper meshes; Small roughness features were created by embedding carbon nano

137 th water in contact with the tops of surface roughness features.

138 ects on cyanobacteria cover and soil surface roughness following treatment-induced moss and lichen mo

139 e natural tendon-to-bone attachment presents roughness for which the gain in toughness outweighs the

140 ces, sputter-induced diffusion processes and roughness formation have only been investigated sparsely

141 n of interface widths due to sputter-induced roughness formation.

142 application of the domain period and surface roughness found by force microscopy to the interpretatio

143 deposition on granodiorite surfaces, surface roughness governs colloid deposition mainly at low Eu(II

144 Surface roughness has been reported to both increase as well as

145 A simple, low-cost method of creating such roughness has emerged with the development of shrink-ind

146 epend also on upper wavevector cutoff of the roughness; hence, (ii) Persson's theory does not predict

147 More specifically, roughness (i.e., the standard deviation of cortical thic

148 demonstrating the importance of inclusion of roughness impacts in particle deposition description/sim

149 des a framework for describing media surface roughness impacts on colloid deposition.

150 mn tests were conducted to investigate media roughness impacts on particle deposition in absence of a

151 ize alone is inadequate for predicting media roughness impacts on particle deposition; rather, the re

152 , the width of the grain boundaries, and the roughness improves the yield of working junctions from 6

153 These observations elucidate the role of roughness in colloid attachment under both favorable and

154 But surface roughness in particular makes it challenging to produce

155 We find that the roughness in SIMS craters is limited to approximately 1.

156 contamination, charging effects and surface roughness in single-particle measurements.

157 nd, we characterized the subject's perceived roughness in six scanning conditions.

158 n artificial alarms and that the presence of roughness in sounds boosts their detection in various ta

159 aturant, providing experimental evidence for roughness in the energy landscape, or internal friction,

160 The depth of the local roughness in the environment regulates the transition be

161 between these two timescales is a result of roughness in the folding free energy surface arising fro

162 is slow folding is due, at least in part, to roughness in the free-energy landscape of R16 and R17.

163 gth and modulus (at 24 hr and 1 mo), surface roughness, in vitro wear, and antibacterial activity aga

164 Surface roughness increased significantly and also was correlate

165 Surface roughness increased significantly from 0.65 +/- 0.06 to

166 l, kidney cortical volume decreases, surface roughness increases, and the number and size of simple r

167 outcome being quantified by a simple surface roughness index (reef rugosity).

168 anent morphological changes (a change in the roughness indicative of wear/damage) in cartilage surfac

169 esulted in a significant increase of surface roughness, indicative of severe morphological changes of

170 les of PSA, we quantified the effect of path roughness induced by thermal fluctuations using a toy mo

171 The resulting crack-surface contact (roughness-induced crack closure) elevates fatigue proper

172 Energetic roughness is an important aspect that controls protein-f

173 The roughness is associated with conflicting interactions in

174 We have proposed that this roughness is due to a frustrated search for the correct

175 Our tactual perception of roughness is independent of the manner in which we touch

176 In contrast to the received view that roughness is irrelevant for communication [6], our data

177 The slowing due to landscape roughness is only about fivefold.

178 We show that roughness is present in natural alarm signals as well as

179 ic surface with hierarchical micro/nanoscale roughness is quantitatively characterized.

180 These include resolution, surface roughness, leakage, transparency, material deformation,

181 n of amorphous titanium dioxide with surface roughness less than 1 nm and negligible optical loss.

182 odynamic and adhesive torques at microscopic roughness locations.

183 als include poor mechanical properties, high roughness, low temperature resilience, and fast loss of

184 compared to the PA due to its lower surface roughness, lower hydrophobicity, and significant antimic

185 that layer must be composed of grains whose roughness lowers cohesion consistently with contact mech

186 ly smooth with an I(D)/I(G) of 0.22-0.28 and roughness <1 nm.

187 Results demonstrated that roughness may serve to increase the toughness of the ten

188 the average of non-native states versus the roughness measured by the variance of the free energy la

189 ith scanning electron microscopy and surface roughness measurement.

190 ariant root-mean-squared roughness and local roughness morphology were both observed when employing a

191 s such as soft lithography templates, with a roughness of 0.35 mum.

192 150 degrees C were highly smooth, with a RMS roughness of 0.5 nm.

193 inimum size of 205 +/- 13 mum, and a surface roughness of 0.99 mum.

194 form ITO NC assemblies with root-mean-square roughness of 2.9 nm.

195 force microscopy images by computing surface roughness of 52.35 nm +/-31.76 nm which was 2 to 8 times

196 However, in a later study, the roughness of a different set of dot patterns was found t

197 onounced hydrophobicity imparted by the high roughness of a hydrophobic polymer, PGC-C18.

198 The size and roughness of a nanopipet can be reliably determined by o

199 y more than a single sensory system, such as roughness of a surface (sight, sound, and touch), the lo

200 s by ten-fold with increasing mesostructural roughness of Ag-IOs.

201 roximately 30 nm, but also a substantial tip roughness of approximately 5 nm.

202 The surface roughness of cellulose began increasing after adding CBH

203 nique to track the average thickness and RMS roughness of cellulose microfibrils upon exposure to cel

204 Indeed, the perceived roughness of coarsely textured surfaces tracks the spati

205 It has been found that the rms roughness of each system correlates with the total displ

206 ucleotides can control the shape and surface roughness of gold nanoparticles during their synthesis.

207 and WS2/h-BN benefit from 6.27-fold reduced roughness of h-BN in comparison to SiO2.

208 Our results demonstrate that the roughness of oxide-derived copper catalysts plays only a

209 d the unit circle--plays a major role in the roughness of parameter dependences.

210 An increase of the surface roughness of SU-8 layers is observed after the oxygen pl

211 r quantitative tracking of the thickness and roughness of surface coatings that are rough on the scal

212 profiling and SEM indicated that the surface roughness of the 3DP bio-carrier was greater than that o

213 The roughness of the Al surface is controlled by changing th

214 The critical value occurs when the roughness of the boundary equals the roughness of the pr

215 fers a phase transition as a function of the roughness of the boundary, as measured by its Holder exp

216 Depending on the roughness of the brass substrate, both states with high

217 rgy landscape, and enable us to quantify the roughness of the energy landscape (4-5 k(B)T).

218 ation about the folding dynamics such as the roughness of the energy landscape governing the folding

219 mental analysis, however, indicates that the roughness of the Ga2O3 layer, and that of the Ag(TS)-SAM

220 ited more instability due to the significant roughness of the glass around the pore mouths.

221 p or steepness versus averaged variations or roughness of the landscape, quantifying the degrees of t

222 rce Microscopy (AFM) showed that the average roughness of the modified electrode decreased indicating

223 Roughness of the polymer has also been studied through a

224 hen the roughness of the boundary equals the roughness of the process, so for diffusive processes the

225 ation of these techniques both minimises the roughness of the sidewalls of the micro-disks and also p

226 iginates from the increased surface area and roughness of the solid solution.

227 found to depend strongly on the material and roughness of the solid surfaces.

228 g from interfacial defects and the nanoscale roughness of the substrate.

229 were compared with respect to adsorption and roughness of the surface of gold electrodes.

230 photoluminescence could be attributed to the roughness of the surface, the 2D photonic band gap (PBG)

231 Internal friction, which reflects the "roughness" of the energy landscape, plays an important r

232 lations of contact by adhesive surfaces with roughness on nanometer to micrometer scales are used to

233 was determined that certain combinations of roughness on the interacting surfaces led to preferred p

234 pite mica, silica, and calcite surfaces with roughness on the order of ~10 nm.

235 ate structures and highly unusual electronic roughness on the surface of in situ cleaved IrTe(2) by u

236 with more significant contribution from the roughness on thinner films.

237 ver substrates on PDMS templates show larger roughness, on the order of 10 s of nm.

238 etter understand the boundaries within which roughness operates, attachment of a range of colloid siz

239 wettability by varying surface chemistry and roughness or by applying external stimuli is of interest

240 e no changes in surface temperature, surface roughness, or contact angle on any surfaces tested.

241 itions, which suggests that water in surface roughness, or in adjacent micro-porosity, can protect th

242 material properties, adhesive strength, and roughness parameters are varied by orders of magnitude.

243 elucidates the importance to include surface roughness parameters into predictive colloid-borne conta

244 irect link between contact line dynamics and roughness parameters.

245 g samples with an idealized, one-dimensional roughness: patterned channels in a thin polymer film.

246 ically dry if the liquid-solid contact is on roughness peaks, while the roughness valleys are filled

247 ous input provides the signals necessary for roughness perception and that proprioceptive input resul

248 Current theories of roughness perception rely solely on inputs from the cuta

249 The results indicate that surface roughness plays an important role in the adsorption proc

250 A combination of surface roughness, porosity, and scaffold stiffness favored huma

251 Results from this research indicate that roughness primarily controlled the retention of MWCNTs,

252 ller than the GQS fraction because nanoscale roughness produced shallow interactions that were suscep

253 es has been quantified using average surface roughness Ra and Abbott-Firestone curves.

254 Surface roughness Ra, and peak-to-valley (PV) values of 0.45, an

255 micrometer scales are used to determine how roughness reduces the area where atoms contact and thus

256 than the characteristic scale of the surface roughness, regardless of wetting modes.

257 This growth regime, where the surface roughness remains invariant after reaching a critical va

258 a scan area of 300 x 300 mum(2), the surface roughness (rms roughness, Rq) range was 100-2000 nm, inc

259 intergranular pores at surface sections with roughness Rq = 500-2000 nm.

260 ed at granodiorite sections with low surface roughness (Rq < 500 nm), such as large and smooth feldsp

261 g the magnetic domain period (d) and surface roughness (Rq) as extracted from the magnetic force micr

262 300 x 300 mum(2), the surface roughness (rms roughness, Rq) range was 100-2000 nm, including roughnes

263 d in blind conditions, using average surface roughness (Sa) and the following scale-sensitive fractal

264 In this work, we identify the critical roughness scale, below which it is possible to sustain t

265 proximately 21 A) is correlated with surface roughness [sigma].

266 faces of the FF microplates and that surface roughness significantly changes with the presence of dif

267 The results demonstrate that media surface roughness size alone is inadequate for predicting media

268 ar, nonmonotonic manner such that a critical roughness size associated with minimum particle depositi

269 ge of the repulsive force below the particle roughness suppresses the frictionless state and also the

270 Increases in asphericity, surface roughness, surface contraction, and stromal morphologic

271 crystalline Pt, with some apparent nanoscale roughness that was not translated into an increased elec

272 obtained on glass templates exhibit nm-scale roughness, the silver substrates on PDMS templates show

273 This study indicates that, besides roughness, the thickness of the metallic layer plays a s

274 The morphology, porosity, surface roughness, thickness, absorption and emission characteri

275 gned array of nanoribbons with low line edge roughness to be formed.

276 Electrochemical sensors that employ roughness to increase their microscopic surface area off

277 y, appeared to be nearly smooth with minimal roughness to the cut surfaces.

278 ctron transport, and for imparting nanoscale roughness) to fabricate adherent thin-film composite ele

279 Deep in the glass, it undergoes a 'roughness transition' to fractal basins, which brings ab

280 atial variation model accounts for perceived roughness under all tested conditions whereas the firing

281 bonds are stretched unequally due to surface roughness, unequal native bond lengths, or conditions th

282 tube can be polished to 17 +/- 10 nm surface roughness using a diamond impregnanted wire resulting in

283 Surface roughness using AFM increased with each immobilization o

284 vapor phase of water and/or trapped gases in roughness valleys - thus keeping the immersed surface dr

285 lid contact is on roughness peaks, while the roughness valleys are filled with gas.

286 his is because trapped gas (e.g. air) in the roughness valleys can dissolve into the water pool, lead

287 dditionally, water vapor can also occupy the roughness valleys of immersed surfaces.

288 These roughness values do not change significantly with the th

289 uggest that unlike the Moon, Vesta's surface roughness variations cannot be explained by cratering pr

290 Higher surface roughness was achieved after Er:YAG laser treatment.

291 somatosensory nerves posited that perceived roughness was determined by the spatial pattern of activ

292 acing, a result interpreted as evidence that roughness was determined by the strength of SA1 response

293 that quantitatively considers media surface roughness was developed that described experimental outc

294 colloid sizes to glass with three levels of roughness was examined under both favorable (energy barr

295 Surface roughness was measured before and after corrosion.

296 he stick-slip behavior and increased surface roughness (wear) during sliding, whereas collagen digest

297 Surface hydrophilicity and surface roughness were also maintained, and the membrane surface

298 on on different target materials and varying roughnesses were achieved on smooth surfaces with low ma

299 ce oxygen content but did not affect surface roughness while the antistatic gun treatment increased s

300 l properties such as wettability and surface roughness with cyst attachment revealed no influence of