ライフサイエンスコーパス: rubella

1 rotein), tetanus toxoid, measles, mumps, and rubella.

2 levels of population immunity to measles and rubella.

3 tem is adequate to detect endemic measles or rubella.

4 s, 24% for mumps, and remained unchanged for rubella.

5 Poland has continued high levels of reported rubella.

6 tion programs and the control of measles and rubella.

7 tries with the highest burden of measles and rubella.

8 er infectious person for measles, mumps, and rubella.

9 a, and between A. thaliana, A. lyrata and C. rubella.

10 eaks in the USA for measles, chickenpox, and rubella.

11 nd produce dynamic importation risk maps for rubella.

12 CI, 95%-100%] vs 81% [95% CI, 72%-93%]; and rubella, 100% vs 94% [95% CI, 86%-100%], respectively),

13 s), smallpox (17.7 days), mumps (18.0 days), rubella (18.3 days), and pertussis (22.8 days).

14 ied 2 imported cases of measles, 27 cases of rubella, 309 cases of dengue, and 260 cases of human her

15 ates achieved non-inferiority in both cases (rubella, -4.5% [95% CI -9.5 to -0.1]; yellow fever, 1.2%

16 .03), mumps (168 vs 104 RU/mL; P = .03), and rubella (69 vs 45 IU/mL; P = .01).

17 opulation immunities for measles, mumps, and rubella (92%, 87%, 92%) were similar to the population-i

18 ntries routinely vaccinated children against rubella, an estimated 450 million people had been vaccin

19 ed species, A. thaliana, A. lyrata, Capsella rubella and Brassica rapa.

20 hepatitis A, rheumatic fever, common colds, rubella and chronic sinus infection, in over 200,000 ind

21 tion (PAHO) adopted a resolution calling for rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) eliminatio

22 vened to review the status of elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the Uni

23 entable Diseases recommended acceleration of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) prevention

24 on of the Americas' 2010 goal of eliminating rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).

25 accines provides an opportunity to eliminate rubella and congenital rubella syndrome.

26 ine in their national immunization programs, rubella and CRS continue to occur, and surveillance qual

27 To accomplish this goal, PAHO advanced a rubella and CRS elimination strategy including introduct

28 f data for measles from 2001 to 2011 and for rubella and CRS from 2004 to 2011 covering the US reside

29 on of endemic measles in 2000 and of endemic rubella and CRS in 2004.

30 part of the regional initiative to eliminate rubella and CRS in the Americas, one of the key strategi

31 To describe the status of regional rubella and CRS surveillance and assess progress toward

32 surveying all 53 Member States and analyzed rubella and CRS surveillance data during 2005-2009.

33 verifying rubella elimination, high-quality rubella and CRS surveillance needs to be implemented and

34 and maintain high-quality integrated measles-rubella and CRS surveillance, including laboratory-based

35 As countries document the elimination of rubella and CRS, many sources and types of data will lik

36 nd adults, and strengthened surveillance for rubella and CRS.

37 article describes how the region eliminated rubella and CRS.

38 Large-scale rubella and measles outbreaks in 2005-2007, however, led

39 egative controls) of the measles, mumps, and rubella and measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vacci

40 There was partial correlation for rubella and no correlation for mumps.

41 As part the 2012 Nepal measles-rubella and polio SIA, we developed an intervention pack

42 orted cases in a country that has eliminated rubella and studies of endemic viruses circulating in co

43 established a goal to eliminate measles and rubella and to prevent congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)

44 separately administered measles, mumps, and rubella and varicella vaccines.

45 The rubella and yellow fever antibody titres were reduced by

46 ogenicity of IPV given alongside the measles-rubella and yellow fever vaccines at 9 months and when g

47 easles, 2.7 months for mumps, 3.9 months for rubella, and 3.4 months for varicella.

48 essions, other Arabidopsis species, Capsella rubella, and Boechera stricta, but not in less closely r

49 ion of seven TPSs from A. thaliana, Capsella rubella, and Brassica oleracea in Nicotiana benthamiana

50 o verify the elimination of endemic measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) from the

51 Annual numbers of measles, rubella, and CRS cases, by importation status, outbreak

52 atories have supported the regional measles, rubella, and CRS elimination goals.

53 ded that the elimination of endemic measles, rubella, and CRS from the United States was sustained th

54 mine whether elimination of endemic measles, rubella, and CRS had been sustained.

55 for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, rubella, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine antig

56 of all school types required measles, mumps, rubella, and hepatitis B vaccines for entering students;

57 already connected with those of measles and rubella, and transitioning existing capabilities to meas

58 completion by age 2 years of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella immunization may offer improved d

59 The combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine is associated with a 2-fo

60 he analysis of vaccine type, measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine was associated with a 1.4

61 sles, mumps, and rubella and measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines among children who are 1

62 % for poliovirus seroprevalence and measles, rubella, and yellow fever seroconversion, and (1/3) log2

63 the future co-administration of IPV, measles-rubella, and yellow fever vaccines within the Expanded P

64 andomly assigned to receive the IPV, measles-rubella, and yellow fever vaccines, singularly or in com

65 post-vaccination serum samples for measles, rubella, and yellow fever; and the post-vaccination anti

66 f US population seropositive for measles and rubella; and measles-mumps-rubella vaccination coverage

67 Vaccine-induced measles and rubella antibody responses are not negatively affected b

68 ondary objectives included noninferiority of rubella antibody seroconversion and evaluating rotavirus

69 Like in Arabidopsis, PEGs in C. rubella are frequently associated with the presence of t

70 ated species Arabidopsis lyrata and Capsella rubella Based on the quantitative analysis metrics, we i

71 such reductions as vaccination programs for rubella become widespread in mainland China.

72 dy avidity indexes were high for measles and rubella but low for mumps.

73 age of rubella infection; thereby increasing rubella cases among pregnant women and the resulting con

74 During 2005-2009, rubella cases reported in the region decreased by 94% fr

75 ty-eight percent of measles cases and 54% of rubella cases were internationally imported or epidemiol

76 mation or rejection of suspected measles and rubella cases, and determination of the genotypic charac

77 rted measles cases were laboratory-confirmed rubella cases.

78 e suspected measles case definition captures rubella cases.

79 those other congenital infections, including rubella, congenital cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficie

80 s for the elimination of endemic measles and rubella/congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) by the year 20

81 gions move toward elimination of measles and rubella/congenital rubella syndrome.

82 ated innate and adaptive immune responses to rubella-containing vaccine and their association with ha

83 tionally, we provide novel information about rubella-containing vaccine immunogenetics and review the

84 Although all Member States recommend a rubella-containing vaccine in their national immunizatio

85 Rubella-containing vaccine is highly effective and safe

86 imination strategy including introduction of rubella-containing vaccines into routine vaccination pro

87 major cause of child mortality globally, and rubella continues to be the leading infectious cause of

88 vely, and Western Pacific Region-accelerated rubella control and CRS prevention by 2015.

89 on, three of the six WHO regions established rubella control and CRS prevention goals: Region of the

90 Since 1999, due to the accelerated rubella control and CRS prevention strategy, laboratorie

91 Therefore, it gives us the idea that the rubella control and elimination goal should be achieved

92 Virologic surveillance can support rubella control and elimination.

93 Rubella control and prevention of CRS can be accelerated

94 mic viruses circulating in countries without rubella control objectives.

95 eminar, we provide present results regarding rubella control, elimination, and eradication policies,

96 One aspect of rubella control, virologic surveillance, is reviewed her

97 amnionitis, toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex v

98 um, parvovirus, HIV, varicella zoster virus, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpesviruses are a major

99 fferential diagnosis included toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, syphilis

100 Serologic testing ruled out toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, and human immunodefi

101 Toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, and human immunodefi

102 Measles-mumps-rubella dose 1 vaccination coverage ranged from 97% to 9

103 measles and rubella, or measles, mumps, and rubella) during pregnancy, confirming the findings of an

104 nization (WHO) European Region have endorsed rubella elimination and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS

105 Organization European Region has a goal for rubella elimination and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS

106 s an important benefit of global measles and rubella elimination and polio eradication strategies.

107 ion goals: Region of the Americas and Europe rubella elimination by 2010 and 2015, respectively, and

108 tioning existing capabilities to measles and rubella elimination efforts allows for optimized use of

109 s that should be transitioned to measles and rubella elimination efforts.

110 viruses, contributed to the documentation of rubella elimination from some countries.

111 9 and 2010, Egypt should achieve measles and rubella elimination in the near future, but high coverag

112 plicated to independently verify measles and rubella elimination in the regions and globally.

113 es between polio elimination and measles and rubella elimination include the use of an extensive surv

114 Measles and rubella elimination strategies rely heavily on achieving

115 tion phases), as well as the contribution of rubella elimination to strengthening and maintaining mea

116 ogram has diversified to address measles and rubella elimination, data management and quality, and st

117 As the foundation to achieving and verifying rubella elimination, high-quality rubella and CRS survei

118 To achieve rubella elimination, supplemental immunization activitie

119 Measles and rubella eradication is feasible and cost saving.

120 ver virus, the present results indicate that rubella exhibits a large degree of pleomorphy.

121 The goal of eliminating rubella from the Americas by 2010 was established in 200

122 de additional data aiding the elimination of rubella from the region.

123 The genome sequence of C. rubella has recently been released, which allows charact

124 rs vaccinated against measles and, possibly, rubella have lower concentrations of maternal antibodies

125 including students, receive measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, varicella, influenza, and pertussi

126 Sera from 70 (3.5%) of these infants were rubella IgM antibody positive, but none of the infants h

127 accination campaign was critical for raising rubella immunity levels in children and adolescents in H

128 A nation-wide measles-rubella immunization campaign, targeting children, adole

129 m samples were obtained from the newborn for rubella immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody testing.

130 to record low levels of cases of measles and rubella in 2009 and 2010, Egypt should achieve measles a

131 lth care providers should suspect measles or rubella in patients with febrile rash illness, especiall

132 ople had been vaccinated against measles and rubella in supplementary immunization activities, and ru

133 The median R0 of rubella in the African region is 5.2, with 90% of countr

134 Poland had the highest incidence of rubella in the WHO European Region in 2007 and 2008.

135 Since 2004, rubella incidence has been below 1 case per 10,000,000 p

136 We reviewed rubella incidence in Poland since 1966 and analyzed nati

137 In the rest of the region, high rubella incidence was observed in Poland, Romania, Italy

138 Using a rich data source of rubella incidence, we show that patterns of population t

139 Measles and rubella induced high-avidity antibodies and mumps induce

140 vaccination is the prevention of congenital rubella infection including CRS.

141 n countries based on the age distribution of rubella infection using Bayesian hierarchical models.

142 equate coverage can raise the average age of rubella infection; thereby increasing rubella cases amon

143 World Health Organization (WHO) Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network (LabNet), provides for standa

144 Challenges are occurring, but the measles-rubella laboratory network continues to adapt as the req

145 The measles-rubella laboratory network established in the Americas p

146 World Health Organization (WHO) Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network have worked to improve and ex

147 nfidence miRNA candidates specific to the C. rubella lineage.

148 Persistence of rubella live vaccine has been associated with chronic sk

149 l effects, including naproxen, ibuprofen and rubella live vaccine.

150 ) at 6 months of age and measles, mumps, and rubella, live attenuated (MMRII) vaccine at 12 months of

151 , and rubella (MMR-II), measles (Attenuvax), rubella (Meruvax-II), rotavirus (Rotateq and Rotarix), a

152 FSs in toddlers given MMRV and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and a national cohort study of vaccine cov

153 not be protected against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) because of impaired initial vaccine respon

154 a 2-dose pediatric schedule of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) or measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV)

155 sing the case example of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination and measles.

156 Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage with at least a singl

157 the effects of live attenuated measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination on disease activity in patient

158 To protect young infants, measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination was offered to those aged 6-14

159 s adverse event following measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination.

160 ve-virus vaccines such as measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination.

161 ntroduction of PCR testing and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination.

162 Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccinations have been offered to Finnish

163 ch showing no link between the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism spectrum disorders (ASD

164 Two doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine are 97% effective against measles,

165 Routinely, the first measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine dose is given at 14 months of age

166 The combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been successfully administered

167 following introduction of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in 1988.

168 measles vaccine as a combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in 1999 and the implementation of

169 ist on the safety of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in adults.

170 effect of a third dose of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in stemming a mumps outbreak is un

171 The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is effective in eliciting a good a

172 6 weeks after receipt of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine were tested for the ability to neu

173 e schedule with or without the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, the MMR vaccine only, and the exp

174 erosal, and/or receiving the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine.

175 ge of students with 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.

176 ered eligible to receive the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine.

177 one or two doses of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine; and proportions with medical or p

178 2), varicella (Varivax), measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR-II), measles (Attenuvax), rubella (Meruvax-

179 For rubella, mothers in the orthodox communities had higher

180 , Hepatitis B vaccine (HBV), Polio, Measles, Rubella, Mumps, trivalent MMR vaccine and Haemophilus in

181 eline virologic surveillance, especially for rubella, needs to be improved in many countries.

182 Rubella occurs predominantly in age and sex cohorts hist

183 tive agent of the childhood disease known as rubella or German measles.

184 theria, and acellular pertussis, measles and rubella, or measles, mumps, and rubella) during pregnanc

185 Rubella remains a significant burden in mainland China.

186 Rubella remains an important pathogen worldwide, with ro

187 l {CI}, 52%-62%] vs 99% [95% CI, 96%-100%]), rubella seroprotection (65% [95% CI, 60%-70%] vs 98% [95

188 by plaque reduction neutralization assay and rubella seroprotection and mumps seropositivity by enzym

189 Predictors of rubella seroprotection and mumps seropositivity were sim

190 amelineae in the Brassicaceae, with Capsella rubella serving as an outgroup to the genus Arabidopsis.

191 the Brassicaceae: the heart-shaped Capsella rubella silicle and the near-cylindrical Arabidopsis tha

192 ella vaccine needs to be maintained, measles-rubella surveillance strengthened, and CRS surveillance

193 45 responding Member States have nationwide rubella surveillance, and 39 (87%) have nationwide CRS s

194 areas to successfully integrate measles and rubella surveillance, and it can serve as an example to

195 easles and rubella and to prevent congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) by 2010.

196 on of endemic measles and rubella/congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) by the year 2000 and 2010, respec

197 Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) case identification is challengin

198 esolution calling for rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) elimination in the Americas by th

199 of endemic measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) from the Western hemisphere, the

200 cy documented that no infant with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) has been born, so the risk is the

201 tus of elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the United States.

202 pregnant women and the resulting congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in their newborns.

203 ended acceleration of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) prevention efforts was the fact t

204 endorsed rubella elimination and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) prevention.

205 goal for rubella elimination and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) prevention.

206 nt born with birth defects (i.e., congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)).

207 a virus in a 28-year-old man with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), who presented with blurred visio

208 0 goal of eliminating rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).

209 de, with roughly 100,000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome estimated to occur every year.

210 ortunity to eliminate rubella and congenital rubella syndrome.

211 limination of measles and rubella/congenital rubella syndrome.

212 orse for chickenpox, and 5.8 times worse for rubella than would be expected in a pre-vaccine era in w

213 ing from adding surveillance for measles and rubella to integrated disease surveillance for outbreak-

214 To remain free of rubella transmission and CRS, Haiti must also achieve an

215 n supplementary immunization activities, and rubella transmission had been interrupted.

216 effective and safe and, as a result, endemic rubella transmission has been interrupted in the America

217 high immunization coverage, interruption of rubella transmission through mass vaccination of adolesc

218 We developed an age specific model of rubella transmission to predict the level of R0 that wou

219 e of the control and eventual elimination of rubella transmission.

220 e of the interruption of endemic measles and rubella transmission.

221 Rubella, usually a mild rash illness in children and adu

222 mL, CD4% >/=15, and >/=1 prior measles-mumps-rubella vaccination (MMR) were given another MMR.

223 Widespread avoidance of Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccination (MMR), with a consequent increase in

224 ith humoral immune response variations after rubella vaccination (P = 8.62 x 10(-8)).

225 fferences in neutralizing antibody levels to rubella vaccination and represent a validation of our pr

226 The measles-rubella vaccination campaign was critical for raising ru

227 lso achieve and sustain high routine measles-rubella vaccination coverage and maintain high-quality i

228 If routine measles-rubella vaccination coverage is suboptimal or if gaps in

229 e for measles and rubella; and measles-mumps-rubella vaccination coverage levels.

230 The primary purpose for rubella vaccination is the prevention of congenital rube

231 e maximum theoretical risk for CRS following rubella vaccination of susceptible pregnant women was 0.

232 Incomplete rubella vaccination programmes result in continued disea

233 Despite a safe and effective vaccine, rubella vaccination programs with inadequate coverage ca

234 MCs from high and low antibody responders to rubella vaccination to delineate transcriptional differe

235 Typhoid or measles-mumps-rubella vaccination was associated with lower anti-nonGa

236 erage for measles vaccine before introducing rubella vaccination, and highlight the importance of mai

237 e infants had features of CRS as a result of rubella vaccination.

238 Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) or immune globulin (IG) are routin

239 ity of concomitant administration of measles-rubella vaccine (MR) and a third dose of human rotavirus

240 regnancy is a contraindication of receipt of rubella vaccine (RCV).

241 ults, we summarize the safety of introducing rubella vaccine across demographic and coverage contexts

242 accine to the incorporation of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine administered in the routine program.

243 f seizures compared with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine administered with or without varicella v

244 cted and geocoded tweets about measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and classified their sentiment using mac

245 rease the body of knowledge on the safety of rubella vaccine if an unknowingly pregnant woman is vacc

246 and adolescents aged 1-19 years with measles-rubella vaccine in support of achieving the Region of th

247 provide guidance on the safe introduction of rubella vaccine into countries in the face of substantia

248 high coverage(>95%) with 2 doses of measles-rubella vaccine needs to be maintained, measles-rubella

249 In 2000, the first World Health Organization rubella vaccine position paper was published to guide in

250 exposed to the live-attenuated measles-mumps-rubella vaccine regardless of route of administration.

251 of risk of CRS associated with administering rubella vaccine shortly before or during pregnancy.

252 Estimated national coverage with measles-rubella vaccine was 79.2% (95% confidence interval, 77.6

253 Measles-rubella vaccine was introduced into the country's routin

254 fied, additional mass campaigns with measles-rubella vaccine will be necessary.

255 ammatory genes that may assist in explaining rubella vaccine-induced immune response variations.

256 f vaccination with >2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine.

257 nts who were vaccinated (measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine/tick-borne encephalitis vaccine/BCG vacc

258 Immune responses to current rubella vaccines demonstrate significant inter-individua

259 Use of combined measles-rubella vaccines provides an opportunity to eliminate ru

260 Influenza, measles, mumps, and rubella, varicella, hepatitis A, meningococcal conjugate

261 measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) or measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine was assessed in childre

262 bination vaccines, such as the measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine, into immunization sche

263 aricella vaccine or a combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV).

264 o examine the three-dimensional structure of rubella virions and compare their structure to that of R

265 While many rubella virions are approximately spherical and have dim

266 nalyses to show that approximately spherical rubella virions lack the icosahedral organization which

267 Synopses of rubella virologic surveillance in various countries, reg

268 ldren since laboratory markers of congenital rubella virus (RUBV) infection do not persist beyond age

269 Rubella virus (RUBV), a positive-strand RNA virus, repli

270 Rubella virus (RV) is a leading cause of birth defects d

271 Immunity to rubella virus (RV) is commonly determined by measuring s

272 Due to the significant teratogenicity of rubella virus and the use of a live-attentuated vaccine,

273 opositive for measles virus, mumps virus, or rubella virus antibodies, and there were no significant

274 The ectodomains of the rubella virus glycoproteins, E1 and E2, are shown to be

275 100.0% and 99.6%, respectively, showed anti-rubella virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroprotection.

276 is the first to show persistent intraocular rubella virus in a 28-year-old man with congenital rubel

277 There is growing evidence for the role of rubella virus in Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS).

278 Vaccination with live attenuated rubella virus induces a strong immune response in most i

279 veillance--the panel unanimously agreed that rubella virus is no longer endemic in the United States.

280 Rubella virus is the only member of the Rubivirus genus

281 We also show that the rubella virus nucleocapsid structure often forms a rough

282 bly pathway, leads to an organization of the rubella virus structural proteins that is different from

283 data from the period 2003-2008 indicate that rubella virus transmission has occurred across wide age

284 for 12 viruses: measles virus, mumps virus, rubella virus, respiratory syncytial virus, alphavirus a

285 ment: cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, rubella virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Zika virus.

286 ults indicate that the assembly mechanism of rubella virus, which has previously been shown to differ

287 leotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with rubella virus-specific neutralizing antibodies.

288 ndividual differences in humoral immunity to rubella virus.

289 A systematic nomenclature for rubella viruses (RVs) based on 13 genotypes has been est

290 tly, a systematic nomenclature for wild-type rubella viruses (wtRVs) was established, wtRVs circulati

291 Rubella viruses of genotypes 1E and 2B are currently the

292 he whole genomic characterization of Chinese rubella viruses was clarified.

293 The results indicated that the Chinese rubella viruses were highly conserved at the genomic lev

294 interruption of transmission of measles and rubella viruses will be an essential criterion for verif

295 rculating antibodies for measles, mumps, and rubella was measured with enzyme immunoassays, and the a

296 Measles and rubella were common infectious diseases in Egypt during

297 % of paternally expressed genes (PEGs) in C. rubella were commonly imprinted in both species, reveali

298 he genome-wide imprinting status of Capsella rubella, which shared a common recent ancestor with Arab

299 he Americas to eliminate endemic measles and rubella will serve as an example to other countries and

300 iseases (VPDs), including polio, measles and rubella, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, rotavirus,