ライフサイエンスコーパス: rule of

1 rate of 32 of 263 (12.1%) (P = .12) for the rule of 2 and 22 of 121 (18.2%) (P = .001) for the rule

2 a occurrence before age 40 years in whom the rule of 2 could be maintained.

3 Use of the rule of 2 in patients younger than 40 years reduced the

4 nt, or in first- or second-degree relatives (rule of 2).

5 Recently, we reported the Rule-of-2 (RO2) and found lipophilicity (logP >/=3) and

6 lvement of the 27 most-known enzyme reaction rules of 22 enzymes, as an extension of previous model K

7 to 38 of 408 patients (9.3%) when applying a rule of 3 (those with >/=3 primary melanomas or genetica

8 G protocol before the predetermined stopping rule of 3 cases of advanced CHB in the study was reached

9 ed CDKN2A-mutated-families when applying the rule of 3 from 14 of 43 to 7 of 43.

10 We propose using the rule of 3 to recommend genetic testing in France and cou

11 f 2 and 22 of 121 (18.2%) (P = .001) for the rule of 3.

12 in somatic cells follow C. elegans consensus rules of 3' splice site definition; a short stretch of p

13 68) and to 27 of 150 patients (18.0%) with a rule of 4 (4 primary melanomas or related cancer) (P < .

14 e opportunities of chemical space beyond the rule of 5 (bRo5) were examined by retrospective analysis

15 Analogous to the now widely accepted rule of 5 in the design of oral drugs, the physicochemic

16 trates the potential of compounds far beyond rule of 5 space to modulate novel and difficult target c

17 nd provide support for drug design in beyond rule of 5 space.

18 nducting drug discovery campaigns in "beyond rule of 5" (bRo5) chemical space presents a significant

19 azol-2-yl}benzonitrile (G007-LK), a potent, "rule of 5" compliant and a metabolically stable TNKS1/2

20 cs with properties at, or beyond, Lipinski's rule of 5.

21 ecifies the way that the synaptic plasticity rule of a memory constrains the form of neuronal interac

22 We confirm the upconversion rules of a femtosecond infrared helically phased beam in

23 s act independently, encoding the context or rules of a task even before the presentation of a specif

24 3.8 x 2.5 mum, and is well within the design rules of a typical silicon photonics process, with a min

25 ctured electromagnetic fields, the selection rules of absorption spectroscopy could be fundamentally

26 Here we show that a rule of activity-based competition between neighbouring

27 se observations can be united: under Hebbian rules of activity-dependent synaptic modification, stren

28 Here we elucidate the basic rules of Aedes aegypti thermotaxis and test the function

29 rejected, it has been assumed that the same rules of allosensitization apply as to non-tolerant host

30 6, present in the QGT sequence following the rule of an asparagine-linked consensus motif, was modifi

31 be sigma-aromatic when they satisfy the 4n+2 rule of aromaticity for delocalized sigma electrons and

32 ic triplet" species according to the Baird's rule of aromaticity.

33 ributions so as to comply with the different rules of aromaticity in different electronic states.

34 the results of the action); and common-sense rules of attribution of physical causality satisfied.

35 By following the simple rule of avoiding only the strongest headwinds at departu

36 nic sin" stands out as a paradox to Burnet's rule of B cell engagement.

37 fficiency varies widely, a major distinctive rule of bacterial -1 frameshifting is that the most effi

38 of sensory data and priors that follows the rules of Bayesian estimation.

39 nto the bacterial outer membrane follows the rules of beta-barrel transmembrane protein biogenesis an

40 though genetic therapies are maturing as the rules of bioenergetic genetics are clarified, metabolic

41 One of the strongest rules of biological diversity - the observation that mor

42 Impurities on black P adopt the 8-N rule of bonding, as in amorphous semiconductors, rather

43 The programming rules of both the PKS and NRPS modules were then examine

44 Previously thought of as exceptions to the rule of bottom-up signal propagation, our results demons

45 In an effort to reveal mechanistic rules of cellular pattern formation in the central nervo

46 gether, our findings uncover the mechanistic rules of chromatin engagement for H3K4me3-specific reade

47 Aip1 inverts the rules of cofilin-mediated actin disassembly such that in

48 This rule of configurational transmission aided in elucidatin

49 ces will provide useful input for the design rules of conjugated polymers required for improved molec

50 at the micrometer scale yields probabilistic rules of connection between neurons and exact vascular c

51 Many theories of neural networks assume rules of connection between pairs of neurons that are ba

52 scillators with a stochastic, fitness-based, rule of connectivity, and show that it self-organizes fr

53 is problem may be circumvented if two simple rules of connectivity can be established: (1) multi-cell

54 The rules of connectivity for this complex network, both ana

55 analysis, the perimotor space, we identified rules of connectivity that allowed us to approximate the

56 s indicate that human brains follow the same rules of construction and that alterations to the human

57 nal cues, when cells interact through simple rules of contact repulsion.

58 re manifested in all three species following rules of contingency that may reflect strategically adap

59 nizational networks suggests that the simple rules of cooperation that generate bipartite networks ma

60 onding to their assigned relational response rule of "darker" or "lighter" at a level significantly a

61 of decision systems corresponds to a single rule of decision making in collectives.

62 etermined by initial fitness, according to a rule of declining adaptability with increasing initial f

63 l flow systems on the landscape: the scaling rules of "design" are expressions of the natural tendenc

64 Although a stopping rule of detectable HCV RNA at week 12 would have forfeit

65 y theory has long argued that the entrenched rules of development constrain the range of variations i

66 habit suggests that certain "basic physical rules" of development are being followed.

67 binary sequences according to deterministic rules of different complexity, including high-order, mul

68 e nuclear periphery but rather by the simple rules of diffusion in a time-limited and complex landsca

69 The data reveal a rule of diminishing returns: a small number of individua

70 dents that they already understand the basic rules of disease ecology and immunology.

71 The AI confirms Clar's rule of disjoint benzene units in many cases, but correc

72 Application of these generic fragmentation rules of dityrosine cross-linked peptides allowed for th

73 data alone and suggest that applying simple rules of DNA sequence analyses across species may be dif

74 remarketing clinical evaluation and stopping rules of drug-induced liver injury signals, including Hy

75 e a strategy for systematically learning the rules of endogenous antigen presentation.

76 The rules of engagement between zinc finger transcription fa

77 The rules of engagement for the peptide ligands of the DQ8 a

78 rinsic physical properties and reveal unique rules of engagement of target sequences at low p53 level

79 onary pressures leading to germline-encoded 'rules of engagement' remains avidly debated.

80 by networks of neurons in the retina to the rules of English spelling.

81 x interplay among the intrinsic mathematical rules of epidemic spreading, governmental policies, and

82 Simple rules of etiquette are not always applied in a busy NICU

83 kill through learning and practicing sets of rules of etiquette for key social situations.

84 s as it is for those being instructed in the rules of etiquette.

85 bert as well as modifications to the Federal Rules of Evidence have affected the admissibility of exp

86 art Association clinical practice guidelines rules of evidence have helped to define strength of evid

87 here's taxonomic composition by changing the rules of evolution.

88 ectivity can result from a synaptic learning rule of excitatory synapses.

89 his work, we introduce a group of Lipinski's rule of five compliant squaramides as candidates for tre

90 After screening through Lipinski's rule of five filter for oral bioavailability, ADMET risk

91 ly exceed limits for some properties in the "rule of five", while drugs targeting cytochrome P450s, b

92 resentative natural products and were highly rule-of-five compliant.

93 erionic, or cationic compounds that pass the rule-of-five have >10% F, only 17% of those that fail ha

94 rocycles or other large molecules beyond the rule-of-five limit.

95 eight, compound availability, and a modified rule-of-five to reduce the number of hits.

96 On the basis of docking scores, Lipinski's rule-of-five, and structural novelty, 110 compounds were

97 Neither the rule-of-five, log P, log D, nor the combination of the n

98 ile at the same time largely adhering to the rule-of-five.

99 According to the rules of GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)R) subunit assembly, a

100 Thus the analytic rule of gap-opening by patterning graphene is derived, w

101 However, the rules of generalization in vocal behavior are poorly und

102 r, we provide strong evidence that the 12/23 rule of genomic recombination is frequently violated und

103 Moreover, we found that similar rules of GLI activity apply to SHH signaling in regulati

104 GlycoSeq employs rules of glycosidic linkage as defined by glycan synthet

105 These three well known "rules" of herbivory are considered to form the bases of

106 ducted under strict adherence to the Privacy Rule of HIPAA.

107 Social rules of HIV disclosure and perception of risk depend on

108 The underlying rules of how it folds, moves, and interacts as a biologi

109 We use these findings to derive quantitative rules of how large and diverse datasets need to be to pr

110 ealth and safety regulations have focused on rules of hygiene and prevention of infections.

111 asite and immune cells) to be developed from rules of individual cell behaviour.

112 eved that human reasoning depended on formal rules of inference akin to those of a logical calculus.

113 onnectivity is obtained by applying Bayesian rules of inference to the local topology of cysteine res

114 To determine the basic rules of information processing in the vomeronasal syste

115 al cancer evolution to mathematical testable rules of inheritance.

116 the pathogenesis of which either follows the rules of innate-adaptive connection or does not.

117 However, the rules of innervation of cortical cells and regions by di

118 Thus, the rule of input specificity breaks down at individual syna

119 ascading can shape selectivity, and that the rules of integration from one stage to the next are not

120 es, we propose to follow the slow birth of a rule of interaction during animal development.

121 lations, which have demonstrated that simple rules of interaction are capable of reproducing patterns

122 Several of these rules of interaction have been proposed, but it has prov

123 ationalistic terms, we ask how to design the rules of interaction in multi-agent systems that come to

124 th a nonlocal integral term that arises from rules of interaction in the functional response.

125 by inclusion in a Validation List, under the Rules of International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria.

126 by inclusion in a Validation List, under the Rules of International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria.

127 mes are often considered an exception to the rule of intrinsic disorder (ID), believed to require a u

128 ngth of auditory signals, and adheres to the rules of inverse effectiveness and temporal (but not spa

129 I find that, whilst Hamilton's rule of kin selection can be readily derived under the a

130 argets it is necessary to define the general rules of KSRP-RNA interaction.

131 es and country-specific legal documents; the rule of law and gross-domestic product per capita, adjus

132 We used the United Nations Rule Of Law definition to define NGOs.

133 of civic cooperation and the weakness of the rule of law in a country are significant predictors of a

134 l disaster or conflict, requires respect for rule of law.

135 ts provide substantial support for the delta rule of learning theory.

136 anslating experimentally known fragmentation rules of lipids into the fragmentation of oxidized lipid

137 position, in accordance with the half-angle rule of Listing's law.

138 a way that might not necessarily follow the rules of logic.

139 discrete to satisfy the synapse-specificity rule of LTP as well as rapid enough to participate in th

140 We use exceptions to the general rule of maintenance of chromosome arm (Muller element) a

141 contrast to the classic "size/lipophilicity" rule of membrane transport, those molecular umbrellas th

142 Thus, the rules of metaplasticity might manifest in opposite direc

143 Microbiome complexity and the rules of microbiotic community assemblage are not yet fu

144 Significant deviations from the rule of mixtures are observed in the structural and magn

145 od and the growing realization that the same rules of multisensory integration that have been thoroug

146 It has been shown that the tonal rules of music are neurally encoded, but not consciously

147 In normal listeners, the tonal rules of music guide musical expectancy.

148 a note was inserted that violated the tonal rules of music.

149 This rule of Myc action explains the vast majority of Myc bio

150 Here, we reveal assembly rules of native GABAAR complexes that explain GABAAR sub

151 t in a mammalian expression system where the rules of native protein assembly are strictly obeyed.

152 As expected by a "rich-get-richer" growth rule of network evolution, MUA graphs were found to form

153 Drawing a MIM diagram, adhering to the rules of notation, imposes a logical discipline that sha

154 The rules of nucleic acid base-pairing have been used to con

155 ue supplementary eye field (SEF) reflect the rule of ocular baseball, a go/nogo task in which eye mov

156 carry signals appropriate for the half-angle rule of ocular kinematics during smooth-pursuit eye move

157 group, which represents an exception to the rule of one feature per response module that had emerged

158 ne state vector transitions according to the rules of one of the constituent networks and where netwo

159 ur learning is most robust if it updates the rules of online error correction to reflect the rules an

160 ccurs in TIs due to spin-dependent selection rules of optical transitions.

161 which provokes us to rethink the established rules of optics in both the linear and nonlinear regimes

162 mpal cells suggests the existence of general rules of organization among structures that process comp

163 al horn inhibitory synapses follow different rules of organization at presynaptic versus postsynaptic

164 ndicated that functional circuitry exhibited rules of organization which generalized across three are

165 is robust with respect to variations in the rules of our model such as diffusion between multiple en

166 e discovered interesting violations of these rules of outer retinal connectivity: ON-BC type X contac

167 The rules of paired electrical stimulation are best understo

168 d how we see, sometimes explicitly exploring rules of perspective or color, visual illusions, or icon

169 allization in accordance with Ostwald's step rule of phases.

170 f complex biology can be explained by simple rules of physics and constitutes a rapid test bed for fu

171 rms that represent the well-known historical rules of plant cell division, such as those given by Hof

172 of the vestibular nucleus have revealed new rules of plasticity that could apply to spontaneously fi

173 sterility is discussed in light of Haldane's rule of postmating isolation.

174 e mechanistic basis for the phenomenological rules of previous models.

175 cts the relevant GBD classification based on rules of prioritization across the pathways found.

176 nthetic biology and our understanding of the rules of promoter architecture have led to the developme

177 ure on transcriptional regulation, and known rules of promoter architecture we improved the low-pH pe

178 to the health of the consumer following the rules of proper nutrition.

179 of new validated ClpXP substrates, clarifies rules of protease substrate selection, and demonstrates

180 explain the apparent violation of the golden rule of radiationless transitions for the carbene ISC pr

181 The "golden rule" of radiationless transitions posits that the small

182 ant candidate to extend our knowledge on the rules of reactivity.

183 suggests that Cro proteins share some common rules of recognition despite their functional and struct

184 patial attentional weights based on internal rules of relevance (spatial shifts) compared with mainta

185 A basic rule of reliability engineering is that the level of ind

186 A rule of retinal wiring is that many receptors converge o

187 q provides a general strategy to uncover the rules of RNA cis regulation.

188 hlight how RL and SDS follow similar overall rules of self-assembly and interactions with proteins, b

189 High-level 'rules' of self-organization and assembly are increasingl

190 The algorithm uses rules of sequence identity and SNP abundance to determin

191 leosome positioning in vivo, and if the same rules of sequence-directed positioning apply to genomes

192 le environment where there exists an optimal rule of similar complexity to the Rescorla-Wagner rule.

193 expression that are predictable based on the rules of simple protein-protein and protein-DNA interact

194 ws physical rules that are distinct from the rules of site binding that biochemists are most familiar

195 eotides per protomer is consistent with the "rule of six" that governs the genome packaging of the Pa

196 is observation furthermore suggests that the rules of soft matter physics apply to these systems.

197 re consistent with predictions from the two 'rules of speciation', and emphasize the importance of se

198 The two 'rules of speciation', Haldane's rule and the large X-eff

199 Based on these 'rules of speciation', I test the hypothesis that the pre

200 Thus, the results reveal general rules of specificity of hnRNP A1 and provide a quantitat

201 in a manner not predicted by the well-known rule of spike timing-dependent plasticity and requiring

202 ations of ZIFs are consistent with Ostwald's rule of stages and proceed toward thermodynamically incr

203 This study validates Ostwald's Rule of Stages and provides a phase diagram for growth o

204 tate, the first direct evidence of Ostwald's rule of stages at 2D.

205 The Ostwald rule of stages describes the conjectured transitioning t

206 lts support a two-step process and Ostwald's rule of stages for the crystallization of heteropolyanio

207 Here we report the role of Ostwald's Rule of Stages in the growth of CdSe quantum dots (QDs)

208 Direct evidence of the Rule of Stages is lacking, and the theory has not been i

209 Direct observation of the Ostwald rule of stages using was performed using solutions of si

210 A century ago Ostwald described the "Rule of Stages" after deducing that crystal formation mu

211 vidence supporting the ubiquity of Ostwald's Rule of Stages, describing the hypothesized transitionin

212 rmations that is consistent with the Ostwald rule of stages, wherein metastable structures dissolve a

213 brate, in a novel manifestation of Ostwald's rule of stages.

214 ned how dopamine influences the quantitative rule of STDP at glutamatergic synapses of hippocampal ne

215 ) is the only known exception to the general rule of strict maternal transmission of mtDNA in animals

216 ow temperature with the aim to determine the rules of sublimation of these compounds.

217 code hierarchical IDP assemblies, (2) design rules of such assemblies in cell biology and (3) molecul

218 Where and how the probabilistic rules of such sequences are encoded in the brain is poor

219 feature-specific connectivity if appropriate rules of synaptic plasticity are invoked within and betw

220 on of AP width is a potent way to adjust the rules of synaptic plasticity in the EC.

221 stem shows how neuromodulators can alter the rules of synaptic plasticity to form associative memorie

222 es in these model systems, (3) elucidate the rules of synthetic, functionally programmable microbiome

223 show that previously established structural rules of target site recognition that allow different sp

224 , and the biological unities, as well as the rules of taxonomic nomenclature.

225 We assume the basic updating rule of the Bounded Confidence Model (BCM) and we develo

226 This breakdown of the rule of the geometric mean is likely due to coupled moti

227 is predicted to result in a violation of the rule of the geometric mean, so that the secondary KIE fo

228 l enantiotopic methyl groups by invoking the rule of the geometric mean.

229 of IEs is a violation of the widely assumed Rule of the Geometric Mean.

230 Drug Administration, and the Federal Privacy Rule of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountabil

231 mixed-salt solution by using the additivity rule of the Setschenow coefficients of the individual io

232 s produced different levels of behavior, the rules of the behavioral program were consistent.

233 ) are essential in vivo, but the grammatical rules of the code are obscure.

234 e development of ILP systems which can learn rules of the complexity required for studies on protein

235 o establish a relation between the selection rules of the electronic light scattering spectra and the

236 The rules of the game are as follows.

237 The rules of the genetic code are established by aminoacylat

238 th the correct amino acid, as defined by the rules of the genetic code.

239 olar cell axons can break the stratification rules of the inner plexiform layer by providing signific

240 ty to shift their response strategy when the rules of the task changed, indicating reduced behavioral

241 de association studies, the US Supreme Court ruling of the non-patentability of human genes, and the

242 rule, and is one of the oldest and venerable rules of thermodynamics.

243 This algorithm learns and quantifies rules of these features, taking advantage of a large num

244 In one limit, the non-equilibrium dynamical rules of these networks can generate scale-free networks

245 The programming rules of these pathways may be rationally manipulated th

246 chanisms, we reveal that the spatial scaling rules of these three elements are in a consistent framew

247 Here, we show that in visual cortex the rules of this spike-timing-dependent plasticity are not

248 This Rule of Three forces selection committees to make diffic

249 The Rule of Three is reminiscent of art's three-panel tripty

250 s it is neither compatible with the standard rule of three-dimensional chemical bonding nor with the

251 s simplicity being recognized as a practical rule-of-three in drug co-prescription or making fixed-do

252 t behavior of these drugs is contrary to the rule of thumb called Overton's rule, which holds that mo

253 The rule of thumb for such efforts is that a factor-of-four

254 aluable new insight but it provides a simple rule of thumb for the design of monitoring programmes in

255 gnal after speckle imprinting and provides a rule of thumb in selecting the laser power required to o

256 A simple rule of thumb is also presented.

257 The rule of thumb that logistic and Cox models should be use

258 This study also supports a fairly simple rule of thumb that may be useful in the interpretation o

259 nce measurements and also identify a general rule of thumb that the surface contacted by electrolyte

260 We discover a "rule of thumb" to safeguard against the long-term catch

261 value selection is normally made based on a rule of thumb, meaning that the calculated threshold lev

262 As a rule of thumb, the achievable spatial resolution is on t

263 hways in combination with the biodegradation rules of thumb and some basic organic chemistry has allo

264 Rules of thumb appropriate for neuroscience and cardiolo

265 Three rules of thumb emerge from our studies to aid further de

266 iewed as subjective due to its dependence on rules of thumb for deriving geometric constraints and su

267 We further propose rules of thumb for guiding the choice of strategy: For e

268 These rules of thumb illustrate how cost-effective conservatio

269 We also give simple rules of thumb to achieve the best separation efficacy i

270 ns based on trait profiles that may serve as rules of thumb to distinguish reservoirs from nonreservo

271 vely distinct behaviors that result, develop rules of thumb to quickly determine how a given system w

272 avior that arises through relatively simple "rules of thumb" without requiring advanced cognitive mec

273 plicates the identification of conservation 'rules of thumb' for these taxa, and supports the notion

274 Described numbers comprise useful 'rules of thumb' that are applicable to most technologies

275 As simple 'rules of thumb', sequence identity thresholds do not req

276 by heuristics-guided appraisal (i.e. mental rules of thumb).

277 Back-of-the-envelope or rule-of-thumb calculations involving rough estimates of

278 These results are an exception to the rule-of-thumb that membrane-spanning bolaamphiphiles are

279 t folds, are exceptions to the long-standing rule-of-thumb that proteins with as little as 30% sequen

280 xt dependent and cannot be approximated by a rule-of-thumb value because these residues can contribut

281 n depth (S) decreases exponentially, with a "rule-of-thumb" formula S=0.75*0.85(depth).

282 ined attention, thus conscious access to the rules of tonality was manipulated.

283 The rules of torquoselectivity still hold, with a calculated

284 stematically examined the extent and spatial rules of transcriptional heterogeneity.

285 lished three rigorously derived fundamental "rules" of transient-state kinetics applicable to realist

286 ymerases, the Klenow fragment follows the "A-rule" of translesion DNA synthesis by preferentially inc

287 n provides a unique opportunity to study the rules of TSS selection and the hierarchy of events linki

288 Applying the rule-of-two is an appropriate means of estimating risk f

289 rapeutic Chemical classification system, the rule-of-two performed best in predicting DILI in seven t

290 set of 179 oral medications with 85% of the rule-of-two positives being associated with hepatotoxici

291 Among 15 rule-of-two positives, 14 were withdrawn from hepatotoxi

292 Again, the rule-of-two predicted hepatotoxicity reliably.

293 Finally, the rule-of-two was applied to clinical case studies to iden

294 This defined the "rule-of-two." Similar results were obtained for an indep

295 substrate asymmetry important for the 12/23 rule of V(D)J recombination.

296 paired complex that reflects the known 12/23 rule of V(D)J recombination.

297 o dramatic changes in symmetry and selection rules of vibrational modes.

298 ontent production or are due to the internal rules of Wikipedia.

299 y for cooperation, because the deterministic rule of win-stay, lose-shift works best.

300 Our work establishes the rules of zinc action and reveals that zinc modulation ex