ライフサイエンスコーパス: sanitation

1 ants and children born into poor hygiene and sanitation.

2 food and agriculture, energy, and water and sanitation.

3 at to public health in areas with inadequate sanitation.

4 nteric pathogens due to suboptimal water and sanitation.

5 city, and 69% have access to improved toilet/sanitation.

6 griculture, social protection, and water and sanitation.

7 l education and improved hygiene, water, and sanitation.

8 e use pit latrines as their primary means of sanitation.

9 ultural zones, with poor access to water and sanitation.

10 hood, and environmental benefits of improved sanitation.

11 cholera depends on access to safe water and sanitation.

12 ave included treatment of cases and improved sanitation.

13 ricted fuel supplies and access to water and sanitation.

14 orld is inadequate access to clean water and sanitation.

15 hea because of poor standards of hygiene and sanitation.

16 ourge in communities with poor environmental sanitation.

17 se in areas of the world where there is poor sanitation.

18 s related to poverty reduction and water and sanitation.

19 oductivity, food security, water supply, and sanitation.

20 in the domestic environment despite on-site sanitation.

21 ashing agent in waterless urinals to improve sanitation.

22 ents if they 1) had access to safe water and sanitation; 2) lived in households with finished floors,

23 ndomization to optimize balance in water and sanitation access across treatment arms at the start of

24 Sanitation access can provide positive externalities; fo

25 In this study, the level of sanitation access of surrounding households was more imp

26 itation coverage versus individual household sanitation access on child health and drinking water qua

27 tion and hygiene exposures, including shared sanitation access, as risk factors for moderate-to-sever

28 er interventions, such as improved water and sanitation access, modify risk would further our underst

29 affected by standards of infection control, sanitation, access to clean water, access to assured qua

30 t WASH interventions for STH have focused on sanitation, access to water and hygiene also appear to s

31 een 1990 and 2010, with unimproved water and sanitation accounting for 0.9% (0.4-1.6) of global DALYs

32 tion, and a lack of access to safe water and sanitation across populations.

33 Inadequate water and sanitation adversely affect the health of children in de

34 lation, overall 1990-2012 change in improved sanitation (all technologies), and per capita freshwater

35 t until long-term solutions such as improved sanitation and access to clean water become widely avail

36 ural tactics such as rotation with nonhosts, sanitation and avoidance, and destruction of residual cr

37 sion indicated that households with improved sanitation and cement floors in the kitchen area had red

38 pact of other interventions such as improved sanitation and changes in HIV management cannot be disco

39 ble diseases, including unimproved water and sanitation and childhood micronutrient deficiencies, fel

40 child nutrition and provide clean water and sanitation and clean household fuels to all children you

41 f disease could be achieved through improved sanitation and clean water provision supported by vaccin

42 f the world and can cause outbreaks wherever sanitation and clean water systems break down.

43 households had access to improved water and sanitation and cleaner cooking fuels.

44 ing is a potential tool for determining food sanitation and detecting bacterial pathogens on food mat

45 fecal contamination to those with unimproved sanitation and dirt floors (Beta: -1.18 log10 E. coli CF

46 A broad effort in community sanitation and education at all levels of government and

47 l for the improvement of worldwide access to sanitation and for the reduction of the environmental im

48 shop and what we buy, as well as ideas about sanitation and freshness.

49 The objective of this study was to describe sanitation and hygiene access across the Global Enteric

50 nt partners to educate communities on proper sanitation and hygiene and provide safe water and timely

51 were used to explore the association between sanitation and hygiene exposures and MSD.

52 sites in Africa and South Asia and to assess sanitation and hygiene exposures, including shared sanit

53 providing safe drinking water and improving sanitation and hygiene has proven remarkably insufficien

54 Sanitation and hygiene interventions are estimated to ge

55 k factors (e.g., education status, household sanitation and hygiene, and urban or rural residence) in

56 and not found between diarrheal disease and sanitation and hygiene.

57 mographic trends rather than improvements in sanitation and hygiene; and (4) the absence of clinical

58 larly in settings where people lack improved sanitation and safe drinking water.

59 lth, improvements in both access to adequate sanitation and sanitation treatment efficiency are neede

60 rvoirs, we performed extensive remodeling of sanitation and water installations as the focus of our h

61 virtue of improved hygiene and provision of sanitation and water treatment is impractical in most de

62 World Health Organization-defined "improved sanitation", and (3) use of best available technologies.

63 (from poor nutrition to a lack of water and sanitation) and broader social and economic determinants

64 oved drinking water, 54% for use of improved sanitation, and 59% for dependence upon open defecation.

65 developing worlds with respect to nutrition, sanitation, and access to safe drinking water.

66 insecurity and consequent malnutrition, poor sanitation, and chronic exposure to a myriad of infectio

67 g child nutrition and providing clean water, sanitation, and fuels) and to estimate how the magnitude

68 ervention combined provision of clean water, sanitation, and health education (WSH) with administrati

69 conomic status, child underweight, water and sanitation, and household fuels were from the nationally

70 non-communicable diseases (n=8), and water, sanitation, and hygiene (n=6).

71 for stronger integration between the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and maternal and newborn

72 's (WHO) 2015-2020 Global Strategy on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and neglected tropical di

73 for the F and E components, of which water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are critical elements.

74 We sought to develop a water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) intervention to minimize

75 magnitude of the protective effect of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions without pre

76 smitted helminths (STHs) suggest that water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) might reduce their transm

77 managed animal feces transmitted via water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related pathways in low-

78 n due to living in conditions of poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH).

79 erm solutions require improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH).

80 dent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene and improved infant feeding on c

81 d households were evaluated for their water, sanitation, and hygiene characteristics.

82 Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions are the primary route

83 results in the context of sustainable water, sanitation, and hygiene development and consider appropr

84 he early warning system and enhancing water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions and sensitization

85 of a package of infant feeding and/or water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions on stunting and an

86 Despite improvements in water quality, sanitation, and hygiene, as well as in the clinical trea

87 healthy behaviours mainly related to water, sanitation, and hygiene.

88 orted use of improved drinking-water supply, sanitation, and open defecation were abstracted from 138

89 duction, agriculture and land use, water and sanitation, and the effect of health systems through gen

90 ities lack access to safe drinking water and sanitation, and thus the risk of waterborne disease in m

91 edictors of severe anemia were malaria, poor sanitation, and underweight.

92 pt, complete childhood immunisations, better sanitation, and use of iodised salt (all p<0.0001).

93 lic health fundamentals such as clean water, sanitation, and vaccination.

94 nation, actions to improve nutrition status, sanitation, and water quality are important to reduce en

95 revalences of malaria, HIV, schistosomiasis, sanitation, and water-quality indicators.

96 sehold surveys on sources of drinking water, sanitation, and women's level of education.

97 rted to be predictors of resistance, such as sanitation, animal husbandry, and poverty, and other str

98 sed public health measures, such as improved sanitation, antimicrobials, and greater public awareness

99 As efforts to improve sanitation are being undertaken worldwide, approaches sh

100 Access to water and sanitation are important determinants of behavioral resp

101 While water and sanitation are now recognized as a human right by the Un

102 FGR and unimproved sanitation are the leading risk factors for stunting in

103 splaced persons are unable to pay (water and sanitation as human rights).

104 tually expected to pay for access (water and sanitation as infrastructure services).

105 Fund (UNICEF) system that categorizes shared sanitation as unimproved.

106 pact of improved access to water, health and sanitation as well as mass drug administration campaigns

107 opulation (2.8 billion people) used improved sanitation, as opposed to the estimate of 62% (4.3 billi

108 y, and obtained data for household water and sanitation at baseline.

109 Crowding and lack of sanitation at MGs can lead to the emergence of infectiou

110 d in rural Guatemala detailing water access, sanitation availability, hygiene practice, socio-economi

111 latrine use to improve the understanding of sanitation behaviors and how to modify them and for asse

112 The importance of maternal sanitation behaviour during pregnancy for birth outcomes

113 connections, sewerage treatment, and onsite sanitation between 1990 and 2010 for 21 developing natio

114 A comparison with current national water and sanitation budgets showed that the cost of implementing

115 e cover is similar to the effect of improved sanitation, but smaller than the effect of improved wate

116 ress towards universal coverage of water and sanitation by identifying marginalized populations, thus

117 India's Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) is one such program that seeks

118 llages that had participated in the National Sanitation Campaign and those that had not.

119 e context of the Government of India's Total Sanitation Campaign, to prevent diarrhoea, soil-transmit

120 n low-income countries, vast improvements in sanitation can be affordable when employing FSM, whereas

121 For example, improvement in sanitation can reduce the reproduction number in problem

122 d show that high population density and poor sanitation cause persistence by not only facilitating tr

123 nursery crop production: strategies include sanitation, clean stock, host resistance, and control th

124 NLs) as an addition to a community-led total sanitation (CLTS) intervention in Ghana.

125 Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is a participatory approach to address

126 Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) uses participatory approaches to mobil

127 Progress toward the sanitation component of Millennium Development Goal (MDG

128 ed incidence has paralleled changes in diet, sanitation conditions, and lifestyle habits.

129 hat rainfall in the prior 8 weeks, water and sanitation conditions, and social cohesion modified the

130 Field staff collected baseline measures of sanitation conditions, behaviors, and child health (May-

131 Poor sanitation contributes to morbidity and mortality in the

132 Interventions that focus on water and sanitation, coupled with hygiene behaviour, should be em

133 o low to achieve national goals for improved sanitation coverage through fully commercial distributio

134 Sufficient consumer demand is required for sanitation coverage to expand through private provision.

135 estimated cluster-specific water access and sanitation coverage to inform a constrained randomizatio

136 s study investigated the effect of community sanitation coverage versus individual household sanitati

137 Cluster-specific sanitation coverage was ascertained using a random sampl

138 afely managed systems (Target 6.2: universal sanitation coverage) and those connected to sewers witho

139 s disagreement on what policies can increase sanitation coverage.

140 contamination in settings with high on-site sanitation coverage; (2) determine how domestic animals

141 Monitoring Program's standardized water and sanitation definitions in the literature restricted effo

142 Classic water safety and access to sanitation development remain powerful tools for the con

143 harvesting (WH), external WH, and ecological sanitation (Ecosan, fertilization with human urine).

144 nd these complex dynamics, improve water and sanitation efforts, and eliminate cholera from Africa.

145 agement are a central component of water and sanitation engineering.

146 c use, but poor water quality and inadequate sanitation exacerbate the problem, especially in emergin

147 racterize the potential health benefits from sanitation externalities.

148 the relation between access to, and use of, sanitation facilities and water treatment and infection

149 Availability and use of sanitation facilities and water treatment is associated

150 age of households in a village with improved sanitation facilities as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint

151 ed at increasing access to private household sanitation facilities may reduce the burden of MSD in ch

152 These findings suggest that the sanitation facilities of a home may impact the microbial

153 the individual level about access or use of sanitation facilities or water treatment, in combination

154 The availability or use of sanitation facilities was associated with significantly

155 or C. trachomatis infection, and the use of sanitation facilities was not found to be significantly

156 wealth: in the poorest quintile, households' sanitation facilities were almost 170 times more likely

157 Sharing sanitation facilities with 1-2 or >/=3 other households

158 lled attendant at birth, and use of improved sanitation facilities) have decreased since 1990, with a

159 tion has access to cell phones than to basic sanitation facilities, a gap that can only be closed if

160 ion among households using low-cost, on-site sanitation facilities, or what role environmental contam

161 n stored water of households with unimproved sanitation facilities.

162 surveys) were used to classify households by sanitation facility (facilities needing FSM, sewered fac

163 t whether the number of households sharing a sanitation facility affects a child's risk of diarrhea.

164 useholds that did not versus did share their sanitation facility also had less contaminated kitchen f

165 people worldwide lack access to an improved sanitation facility that adequately retains or treats fe

166 This study suggests that sharing a sanitation facility with just one to two other household

167 district in terms of fuel used for cooking, sanitation facility, drinking water source, and parental

168 useholds at six sites (>93%) had access to a sanitation facility, while 70% of households in rural Ke

169 billion people lacked access to an improved sanitation facility.

170 sitive interventions, including clean water, sanitation, family planning, girls' education, and socia

171 management, providing hygienic and low-cost sanitation for approximately one-quarter of the global p

172 and the Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation from 1997 through 2010 to determine trends in

173 he 1990 baseline population using unimproved sanitation from 53% to 64% and the corresponding 2015 ta

174 elopment Goals (SDGs) recognize that current sanitation gaps must be closed to better serve those wit

175 We hypothesized that a water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH), and nutritional intervent

176 gnant women into individual water treatment, sanitation, handwashing, nutrition, combined WSH, combin

177 In the Sanitation Hygiene and Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE)

178 ssion among children aged 0-18 months in the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) tri

179 The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) tri

180 In the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) tri

181 The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) tri

182 The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) tri

183 l design and randomized interventions of the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy trial in Zi

184 Sanitation, hygiene, and social cohesion did not modify

185 GI sites under conditions driven by improved sanitation/hygiene and reduced fecal-oral transmission;

186 ventions and underscores the need to improve sanitation in developing countries.

187 rains calls for improvement in environmental sanitation in the long term and vaccination in the short

188 ng sewerage-without-treatment as "unimproved sanitation" in MDG monitoring would raise the 1990 basel

189 e crowding is common and access to water and sanitation inadequate.

190 Access to improved water and sanitation increased, along with coverage for many mater

191 model estimates that upgrading to "improved sanitation" increases mean removal slightly to between 1

192 arget the problem of postconstruction onsite sanitation infrastructure abandonment in rural Guatemala

193 Whereas improvements in water/sanitation infrastructure and hygiene can diminish trans

194 While the construction of sanitation infrastructure is one of humankind's greatest

195 t evaluation of 60 case studies of water and sanitation infrastructure projects in India, Mexico, and

196 f escalating energy demand and lack of urban sanitation infrastructure that pose significant burdens

197 to the billions of people not yet reached by sanitation infrastructure, at least half of systems cons

198 ith under-resourced utilities and inadequate sanitation infrastructure-can exacerbate mechanisms caus

199 erences must be considered when constructing sanitation infrastructure.

200 powerful way to achieve socially sustainable sanitation infrastructure.

201 In villages that received a behavioural sanitation intervention with no monetary subsidies, diar

202 aimed to assess the effectiveness of a rural sanitation intervention, within the context of the Gover

203 al status is a useful endpoint for water and sanitation interventions and underscores the need to imp

204 te routine immunization and other health and sanitation interventions related to maternal and childre

205 Sanitation interventions that isolate human feces from t

206 nants of behavioral responses to hygiene and sanitation interventions.

207 FSM strategies must be included in future sanitation investment to achieve safe management of feca

208 egies for deriving the greatest benefit from sanitation investments while also identifying overarchin

209 Improving access to sanitation is a global public health priority.

210 first evidence, to our knowledge, that poor sanitation is associated with a higher risk of APOs.

211 Although global access to sanitation is increasing, safe management of fecal waste

212 Sanitation is perhaps the first line of defense for grai

213 Poor sanitation is thought to be a major cause of enteric inf

214 ntroduced and, together with clean water and sanitation, it has eliminated a large part of the infect

215 sess whether the MDG classifications and JMP sanitation ladder corresponded to hygienic proxies.

216 Disaggregating the data into the JMP sanitation ladder, on average "shared" facilities were t

217 s been difficult to accomplish with remedial sanitation, large-scale reductions in cockroach allergen

218 vioural, by which limited access to improved sanitation leads to APOs.

219 f achieving adequately large improvements in sanitation levels to deliver expected health benefits wi

220 people worldwide without access to improved sanitation live in India, as do two-thirds of the 1.1 bi

221 disease prevention and treatment, water and sanitation, maternal and child health, basic education a

222 origin and that organic matter from in situ sanitation may contribute to driving reduction.

223 Sanitation measures and cultural controls must keep pace

224 We illustrate the method using a sanitation mobilization, water supply, and hygiene inter

225 Furthermore, advances in sanitation, nutrition, and medicine have increased the l

226 necessary, including that for better water, sanitation, nutrition, food security, and HIV control.

227 utions to the survival of the human species: sanitation, nutrition, vaccines, and antimicrobial agent

228 To assess the impact of sanitation of a living environment on gut microbiota and

229 dalone, efficient solar autoclave useful for sanitation of instruments or materials in resource-limit

230 e) about the need for adequate environmental sanitation of surfaces and fomites to prevent spread.

231 obes could include the protection of ants or sanitation of the nest.

232 lth communities to implement clean water and sanitation on a broad scale to prevent reworming, after

233 We aimed to assess the effects of water and sanitation on childhood health in a birth cohort of Peru

234 ssified connections to sewerage as "improved sanitation" only if the sewage was treated before discha

235 rsist today in geographic regions where poor sanitation or living conditions allow maintenance of inf

236 rates for communities with inadequate water, sanitation, or hygiene facilities including those with i

237 needing FSM, sewered facilities, ecological sanitation/other, or no facilities).

238 e rest of the country in access to water and sanitation, per capita income, and key health indicators

239 Access to sanitation, population density, forest cover and routine

240 t caste and poverty are associated with poor sanitation practice driving APOs, and we cannot rule out

241 lts demonstrate that the association of poor sanitation practices (open defecation) with these outcom

242 Poor sanitation practices can promote infection and induce st

243 his study aimed to assess how floor type and sanitation practices impacted the concentration of fecal

244 because there were no significant changes in sanitation practices or latrine upgrades where baseline

245 We aimed to assess whether poor sanitation practices were associated with increased risk

246 ic factors, along with access to toilets and sanitation practices, were recorded at enrolment (12th w

247 lating to snail habitat and agricultural and sanitation practices.

248 such as clean-water use and good hygiene and sanitation practices.

249 usses the study by Patil and colleagues on a sanitation program in India and highlights the challenge

250 ding support from the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program in Madhya Pradesh on availability of

251 to measure the health impacts of large-scale sanitation programs.

252 ted health benefits within large-scale rural sanitation programs.

253 illages with low exposure to prior water and sanitation projects, and may be most effective in social

254 for a supporting rather than leading role in sanitation promotion because they did demonstrate abilit

255 is on the rise as countries aim to meet the sanitation-related target of the Millennium Development

256 gher levels of inequality in use of improved sanitation (rural populations r = 0.47, p = 0.002; urban

257 or instance, infrastructural development and sanitation services - to regulate not only vectors but a

258 on is typically willing to provide water and sanitation services to displaced persons for a set perio

259 nd a half billion people still lack improved sanitation services, however, and progress toward univer

260 We observe similar adverse effects in sanitation, shelter, and health care access (including i

261 and young children is similar regardless of sanitation, socioeconomics or geography.

262 ment planning and outbreak response to water/sanitation status and potential susceptibility to polio

263 We distinguish impacts from newly installed sanitation systems (to achieve universal coverage), newl

264 griculture, social protection, and water and sanitation systems and programmes are proactively reorie

265 lth concerns, implementing resource recovery sanitation systems could simultaneously improve the avai

266 t given three scenarios: (1) use of existing sanitation systems, (2) use of World Health Organization

267 forms, respectively, are removed by existing sanitation systems.

268 and electricity use through newly installed sanitation systems.

269 ay be useful in developing new antimicrobial sanitation technologies for food and pharmaceutical indu

270 Low uptake and use of new sanitation technologies in a number of settings has unde

271 xperiences with and perceived convenience of sanitation technologies targeted at respondents with a l

272 Non-networked sanitation technologies use no sewer, water or electrici

273 In adoption decisions for decentralized sanitation technologies, two decision makers are involve

274 a household's decision to adopt and use new sanitation technologies.

275 ts about attitudes toward sanitation use and sanitation technologies.

276 tivation and may lead to new developments in sanitation technology and treatment of fecal sludge.

277 e statistically significant relationships to sanitation technology choice.

278 sand filter (Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada) and dia

279 l inequalities in predicted use of water and sanitation that exceed urban-rural disparities.

280 infrastructure, population distribution, and sanitation, the precise condition under which a waterbor

281 6 billion people who lack access to improved sanitation, there is evidence that actual use of latrine

282 ect causes (such as from failures of health, sanitation, transportation, communication, and other sys

283 ts in both access to adequate sanitation and sanitation treatment efficiency are needed.

284 g from changes in fertility rates, water and sanitation, undernutrition, and coverage of indicators o

285 e/disagree statements about attitudes toward sanitation use and sanitation technologies.

286 Water and sanitation utilities across Europe have recently been ch

287 osts for SB are almost entirely borne by the sanitation utility, with only 6% of the annualized cost

288 pit latrines with a concrete slab (improved sanitation) versus those without a slab.

289 of key risks including unimproved water and sanitation, vitamin A and zinc deficiencies, and ambient

290 Access to sanitation was associated with decreased likelihood of i

291 Access to sanitation was associated with lower trachoma as measure

292 ditions for water source, water storage, and sanitation were 1.0 cm (95% CI 0.1-0.8) shorter and had

293 ammation, low socioeconomic status, and poor sanitation were each associated with anemia in >50% of s

294 sks factors, such as undernutrition and poor sanitation, which were mainly associated with maternal a

295 appropriate technologies to ensure hygienic sanitation while limiting CH4 emissions.

296 od candidate for incentivizing decentralized sanitation while the Allegheny County Sanitary Authority

297 progress toward universal access to improved sanitation will likely drive future growth in pit latrin

298 e attributable to it, followed by unimproved sanitation, with 7.2 million (95% CI 6.3 million-8.2 mil

299 seen among construction/engineering workers, sanitation workers, and unaffiliated volunteers.

300 ies in coverage of drinking-water supply and sanitation (WSS) will help track progress towards univer