ライフサイエンスコーパス: scapularis

1 gnosis using the natural tick vector (Ixodes scapularis).

2 uired for spirochetal colonization of Ixodes scapularis.

3 e disease, is transmitted by the tick Ixodes scapularis.

4 e carried in the "black-legged" tick, Ixodes scapularis.

5 cluding the Lyme disease vector tick, Ixodes scapularis.

6 ila) are both transmitted by the tick Ixodes scapularis.

7 ll line isolated from the vector tick Ixodes scapularis.

8 ll line, IDE8, derived from embryonic Ixodes scapularis.

9 tsial symbiont isolated from the tick Ixodes scapularis.

10 nd southern Iowa) the geographic range of L. scapularis.

11 ponse in C3H/HeJ mice exposed to infected I. scapularis.

12 ived from a putative vector, the tick Ixodes scapularis.

13 e disease, is transmitted by the tick Ixodes scapularis.

14 resent in the saliva of the hard tick Ixodes scapularis.

15 easing the cold tolerance and survival of I. scapularis.

16 nown to infect the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis.

17 Pediculus humanus and a tick species Ixodes scapularis.

18 mice or the acquisition of spirochetes by I. scapularis.

19 role in B. burgdorferi persistence within I. scapularis.

20 We show that the gut microbiota of I. scapularis, a major vector of the Lyme disease spirochet

21 Rabbits or guinea pigs infested with Ixodes scapularis acquire resistance to tick bites, a phenomeno

22 ether impaired TLR signaling enhances Ixodes scapularis acquisition of B. burgdorferi, we fed nymphs

23 re were designed to delineate the role of I. scapularis and B. burgdorferi in modulation of the host

24 tion machinery is present in the tick Ixodes scapularis and demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase

25 the prominent salivary gland proteins in I. scapularis and demonstrate the presence of a potent anti

26 hern strains, isolated from the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes affinis, the cotton rat (Sigmodon

27 le that involves the arthropod vector Ixodes scapularis and mammalian reservoirs.

28 t N40-75 spirochetes can readily colonize I. scapularis and multiply during tick engorgement.

29 imals challenged with field-collected Ixodes scapularis and propagated in HL60 cells.

30 Five of the six novel isolates from I. scapularis and the isolate from I. dentatus were from ti

31 annual changes in population densities of I. scapularis and, presumably, a corresponding change in th

32 mnants of blood in blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) and correctly determine the vertebrate speci

33 ting local populations of deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis) and to test the fit to a neutral IAM.

34 he gut of the intermediate tick host (Ixodes scapularis), and that this interaction is mediated, at l

35 microenvironments of the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis, and a mammalian host.

36 sensu lato in A. americanum, I. affinis, I. scapularis, and small mammals to new sites in Florida.

37 rotein 20 (Salp20) is a member of the Ixodes scapularis anti-complement protein-like family of tick s

38 rototypic member of a family of potential I. scapularis anticoagulants, expressed and secreted in tic

39 gocytophilum induces ticks to express Ixodes scapularis antifreeze glycoprotein (iafgp), which encode

40 We identified an I. scapularis antifreeze glycoprotein, designated IAFGP, an

41 ericanum, Dermacentor variabilis, and Ixodes scapularis are among the principal tick species associat

42 otein that was discovered recently in Ixodes scapularis as a tick protective antigen and has a role i

43 ere given cytokines for 10 days after Ixodes scapularis attachment.

44 antibodies when its arthropod vector, Ixodes scapularis, begins feeding on a mammalian host.

45 New York, in 1991-1994, a mean of 178,889 I. scapularis bites (20.4 per 100 person-years) and a mean

46 ti and Culex quinquefasciatus), tick (Ixodes scapularis), body louse (Pediculus humanus), kissing bug

47 of B. burgdorferi throughout the range of I. scapularis-borne Lyme disease using multilocus sequence

48 t the typical vector of Lyme disease, Ixodes scapularis, can acquire the spirochetes from infected ma

49 dorferi in nymphal blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) collected at the sites the following year in

50 4 through December 1995 from the tick Ixodes scapularis, collected from vegetation, and from the rode

51 pression is generally elevated within Ixodes scapularis compared with mice.

52 erious phenotype of silenced ticks making I. scapularis cystatins attractive targets for development

53 ions in other animals, the content of the I. scapularis degradome is ~6.0% (14/233) aspartic, ~19% (4

54 Using an Ixodes scapularis-derived cell line, key Argonaute proteins inv

55 rference-mediated repression of salp15 in I. scapularis drastically reduced the capacity of tick-born

56 Subjects bitten by I. scapularis evidenced an increase in anti-rTC antibody le

57 by the presence of B. burgdorferi in Ixodes scapularis, first indicating that spirochaetes might use

58 One species, I. scapularis, from eastern North America has two forms of

59 nstrate that RNA interference can silence I. scapularis genes and disrupt their physiologic function

60 These 47 clones encoded 14 different I. scapularis genes, including a glutathione peroxidase hom

61 The I. scapularis genome does not apparently encode for putativ

62 of three encoding genes representing Ixodes scapularis genome paralogs, IrCD1 is the most distinct e

63 The Ixodes scapularis Genome Project (IGP), the first to sequence a

64 rypsin-like serine protease family in the I. scapularis genome where it is ~12.7% (28/233) of the deg

65 ll repertoire of proteases encoded by the I. scapularis genome) represent ~1.14% of the 20485 putativ

66 ne-stop index of proteases encoded by the I. scapularis genome.

67 protease enzymes that are encoded by the I. scapularis genome.

68 The I. scapularis glutathione peroxidase homologue, named salp2

69 e reduced B. burgdorferi adherence to the I. scapularis gut in vivo, thereby preventing efficient col

70 pB is expressed by spirochetes in the Ixodes scapularis gut.

71 he hard tick and Lyme disease vector, Ixodes scapularis, has a repertoire of compounds that counterac

72 ) treated with the saliva of the tick Ixodes scapularis have reduced expression of beta(2) integrins,

73 e role that nymphal and female ticks, Ixodes scapularis, have in the epidemiology of Lyme disease is

74 rfere with B. burgdorferi colonization of I. scapularis, highlighting a specific role for OspB in spi

75 in tick phenology between populations of I. scapularis in the Midwest and Northeast of the United St

76 istributed within the geographic range of L. scapularis in Wisconsin.

77 han the human biting "bridge" vector, Ixodes scapularis, in maintaining the enzootic spirochete cycle

78 ty may be associated with protection from I. scapularis-induced infection.

79 The tick Ixodes scapularis is able to feed repeatedly on its natural hos

80 Ixodes scapularis is the main vector of Lyme disease in the eas

81 The deer tick, Ixodes scapularis, is a vector of the HGE agent, and the white-

82 this virus in a region where its vector, I. scapularis, is known to be prevalent or may represent th

83 ls and has no known pathogenic effects on I. scapularis, its genome sequence provides insight on the

84 -1) and nine of nine mice infected by Ixodes scapularis (Ixodes dammini) tick inoculation of an isola

85 In Wisconsin and Minnesota, Ixodes scapularis (Ixodes dammini) ticks are the vector of thre

86 We demonstrate that the I. scapularis Janus kinase (JAK)-signaling transducer activ

87 The six isolates from I. scapularis lacked OspA and OspB, four possessed an OspD

88 fed on uninfected mice and in uninfected I. scapularis larvae and nymphs as they first acquired spir

89 We determined the safety of using I. scapularis larvae for the xenodiagnosis of B. burgdorfer

90 Ixodes scapularis larvae successfully acquired Bb(DeltaA66) fol

91 Xenodiagnosis using Ixodes scapularis larvae was safe and well tolerated.

92 Ixodes scapularis larvae were fed on EMLA-infected mice, and af

93 Xenodiagnostic I. scapularis larvae were fed upon each mouse at 14 and 21

94 smission with B. burgdorferi-infected Ixodes scapularis larvae.

95 show that a dae gene in the deer tick Ixodes scapularis limits proliferation of Borrelia burgdorferi,

96 We investigated whether Ixodes scapularis-mediated host immunity interrupts transmissio

97 rate that A. phagocytophilum modifies the I. scapularis microbiota to more efficiently infect the tic

98 ith pathogen-free ticks prior to infected I. scapularis nymph challenge became positive for B. burgdo

99 Immunity acquired by mice during I. scapularis nymphal activity in early summer may exclude

100 in the metabolic profile among uninfected I. scapularis nymphal ticks, B. burgdorferi-infected nympha

101 ticks after capillary inoculation of Ixodes scapularis nymphs and the subsequent spirochetal infecti

102 ression by B. burgdorferi in infected Ixodes scapularis nymphs as they fed on uninfected mice and in

103 proteins in mice after challenge with Ixodes scapularis nymphs harboring B. burgdorferi 297.

104 ted from infection when infested with Ixodes scapularis nymphs harboring virulent B. burgdorferi 297.

105 Ixodes scapularis nymphs infected with either the B. burgdorfer

106 bite and challenged 16 weeks later by Ixodes scapularis nymphs infected with either the same or the a

107 To assess vlsE expression, Ixodes scapularis nymphs infected with the B. burgdorferi strai

108 lenged either 12 or 16 weeks later by Ixodes scapularis nymphs infected with the same agent.

109 nfested four times with pathogen-free Ixodes scapularis nymphs prior to infestation with nymphs infec

110 Infected I. scapularis nymphs transmitted E. phagocytophila within 2

111 Ehrlichia-infected I. scapularis nymphs were fed upon Borrelia-infected mice,

112 elia-infected mice, and Borrelia-infected I. scapularis nymphs were fed upon Ehrlichia-infected mice.

113 The abundance of host-seeking Ixodes scapularis nymphs, the principal vector for the Lyme dis

114 f B. burgdorferi organisms within feeding I. scapularis nymphs.

115 can lead to decreased feeding ability of I. scapularis nymphs.

116 glands of A. phagocytophilum-infected Ixodes scapularis nymphs.

117 Then, focusing on blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) on mice (Peromyscus leucopus), we fit the ex

118 These data indicate that bites from adult I. scapularis only rarely result in Lyme disease, and that

119 phagocytophilum specifically up-regulates I. scapularis organic anion transporting polypeptide, isoat

120 The integrity of the I. scapularis PM was essential for B. burgdorferi to effici

121 In addition, 2 of 14 larval Ixodes scapularis pools, which were attached to two PCR-positiv

122 Demographically, both Borrelia and I. scapularis populations in the Northeast show the charact

123 On the other hand, I. scapularis populations show strong regional divergence (

124 We have utilized annotations of Ixodes scapularis proteases in gene bank and version 9.3 MEROPS

125 e) represent ~1.14% of the 20485 putative I. scapularis protein content.

126 tachment to the tick gut by binding to an I. scapularis protein.

127 st other tick sequences, ~11% (25/233) of I. scapularis putatively active proteases are conserved in

128 Identification of an I. scapularis receptor for B. burgdorferi is the first step

129 me for the Rickettsia endosymbiont of Ixodes scapularis (REIS), a symbiont of the deer tick vector of

130 Infestation of C3H/HeJ mice with infected I. scapularis resulted in an up regulation of IL-4 as early

131 burgdorferi-infected mice upregulated an I. scapularis Rho-like GTPase (IGTPase).

132 Moreover, we have found that I. scapularis saliva (dilution 1/200; approximately 10 nM P

133 s studies have demonstrated that both Ixodes scapularis saliva and Borrelia burgdorferi antigens modu

134 tanding the immunosuppressive activity of I. scapularis saliva and vector-host interactions.

135 In this study, the effects of Ixodes scapularis saliva on cytokine production by bone marrow-

136 expression of multiple anticoagulants in I. scapularis saliva would have to be ablated simultaneousl

137 scribe a feeding-inducible protein in Ixodes scapularis saliva, Salp15, that inhibits CD4(+) T cell a

138 ism for the T cell inhibitory activity of I. scapularis saliva.

139 tained the amino-terminal sequence of the I. scapularis salivary anticomplement (Isac).

140 ns that elicit antibodies in the host, an I. scapularis salivary gland cDNA expression library was pr

141 Following sequencing of an I scapularis salivary gland complementary DNA (cDNA) libra

142 icks were not able to successfully infect I. scapularis salivary glands.

143 Ixodes scapularis salivary protein 20 (Salp20) is a member of t

144 Salp15 is an Ixodes scapularis salivary protein that inhibits CD4+ T cell ac

145 ocytophilum induces expression of the Ixodes scapularis salp16 gene in the arthropod salivary glands

146 than in cognate vector populations (i.e., I. scapularis Say = I. dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman,

147 ubjects who presented with a definite Ixodes scapularis (Say) tick bite were measured to determine th

148 e 2.1 Gbp nuclear genome of the tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say), which vectors pathogens that cause Lym

149 vary glands of the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say, 1821).

150 With the exception of I. scapularis, sequence variation was not observed within l

151 e and, therefore, that control of nymphal I. scapularis should be a major component of Lyme disease p

152 I. scapularis suppresses host immunity in the skin to promo

153 and a specificity of 0.86 for a bite from I. scapularis that became engorged.

154 ere we report the ability of the tick Ixodes scapularis, the main vector of Lyme disease in the Unite

155 n the Northeast, it is transmitted by Ixodes scapularis, the same vector that transmits Lyme disease.

156 larvae uninfected with the spirochete Ixodes scapularis, thereby perpetuating the agent through succe

157 Paul area in regions with known I. scapularis tick activity.

158 s following a documented bite from an Ixodes scapularis tick and the erythema migrans rash associated

159 oxycycline given within 72 hours after an I. scapularis tick bite can prevent the development of Lyme

160 ther antimicrobial treatment after an Ixodes scapularis tick bite will prevent Lyme disease.

161 mponents to estimate the frequency of Ixodes scapularis tick bites and the resulting incidence of Lym

162 continuously for over 500 days in the Ixodes scapularis tick cell line IDE8 by using the Gardel isola

163 G3 were also expressed in an infected Ixodes scapularis tick cell line.

164 The I. scapularis tick genome appears to have evolutionarily lo

165 pregulated when spirochetes leave the Ixodes scapularis tick gut, migrate to the salivary gland, and

166 The I. scapularis tick is a potential pathogen vector that can

167 f human granulocytic anaplasmosis, in Ixodes scapularis tick salivary glands, to detect proteins or g

168 c regression revealed that a bite from an I. scapularis tick that became engorged (TEI >3.4) was a ri

169 ase is transmitted by the bite of the Ixodes scapularis tick, which can also transmit Anaplasma phago

170 n, Ap-Variant 1, were obtained in the Ixodes scapularis tick-derived cell line ISE6.

171 d mice (a reservoir model) to nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks (a biological vector) and subsequently

172 at both uninfected larval and nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks acquired B. burgdorferi as early as 1 d

173 ant cells were able to survive within Ixodes scapularis ticks after a blood meal from naive mice; how

174 tively by sampling natural populations of I. scapularis ticks along the East Coast from 1996 to 1998.

175 Using Ixodes scapularis ticks and age-matched mice purchased from two

176 , sigma54 mutants were able to infect Ixodes scapularis ticks and be maintained for at least 24 wk af

177 dentified from among 99 isolates from Ixodes scapularis ticks and from white-footed mice (Peromyscus

178 gh percentages of B. burgdorferi-infected I. scapularis ticks and P. leucopus mice were common in are

179 of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in Ixodes scapularis ticks and Peromyscus sp. mice captured from a

180 e assay was tested on field-collected Ixodes scapularis ticks and shown to have 100% concordance comp

181 ammals that are frequent hosts for larval I. scapularis ticks and that are found in areas where HGE o

182 eri bbk32 and bbk50 expression within Ixodes scapularis ticks and the murine host, and the effect of

183 from inoculated C.B-17 mice to larval Ixodes scapularis ticks and, subsequently, from infected nympha

184 However, none of 104 mice or 713 I. scapularis ticks captured from the study sites were infe

185 I. scapularis ticks collected from other locations were fed

186 Eight isolates were made directly from I. scapularis ticks collected from white-tailed deer in Min

187 At least 17 of 697 Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Minnesota or Wisconsin wer

188 PCR analysis of Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in New Jersey identified infe

189 fied from template DNA extracted from Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Rhode Island and from EDTA

190 the salivary gland extract (SGE) from Ixodes scapularis ticks facilitates the transmission and dissem

191 ow that spirochetes could be found in Ixodes scapularis ticks feeding on 4 of 10 antibiotic-treated m

192 Host-seeking Ixodes scapularis ticks found in the same habitat also were inf

193 ains of DTV that had been detected in Ixodes scapularis ticks from Massachusetts in 1996 and in the b

194 We collected Ixodes scapularis ticks from regions of suspected patient tick

195 od samples: one from a goat infected with I. scapularis ticks from Rhode Island and a second from a g

196 in 482 subjects who had removed attached I. scapularis ticks from their bodies within the previous 7

197 Ixodes scapularis ticks harbor numerous human pathogens, includ

198 e importance of IAFGP for the survival of I. scapularis ticks in a cold environment.

199 hat the presence of A. phagocytophilum in I. scapularis ticks increases their ability to survive in t

200 gical risk index based upon the number of I. scapularis ticks infected by B. burgdorferi was highest

201 cytophilum strain HZ in SCID mice and Ixodes scapularis ticks infected with strain NTN-1.

202 In the United States, Ixodes scapularis ticks overwinter in the Northeast and Upper M

203 Arthopods such as Ixodes scapularis ticks serve as vectors for many human pathoge

204 paper we explore the contribution of Ixodes scapularis ticks to the pathogenicity of Borrelia burgdo

205 Ixodes scapularis ticks transmit a number of human pathogens, i

206 Ixodes scapularis ticks transmit a wide array of human and anim

207 Ixodes scapularis ticks transmit many pathogens, including Borr

208 Ixodes scapularis ticks transmit the Lyme disease agent in the

209 pression within the guts of engorging Ixodes scapularis ticks was examined by use of differential imm

210 Nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks were collected from several sites in Rh

211 Ixodes scapularis ticks were collected in 2000 and 2001 from tw

212 Laboratory-reared larval I. scapularis ticks were placed on 36 subjects and allowed

213 feri produce OspA in the gut of unfed Ixodes scapularis ticks, and many spirochetes repress OspA prod

214 vel of thiamin and its derivatives in Ixodes scapularis ticks, the enzootic vector of Bb, is extremel

215 an Ixodes ricinus tick cell line and Ixodes scapularis ticks, to alter the ratio of monomeric/filame

216 ssential for the persistence of Bb in Ixodes scapularis ticks.

217 in A. americanum, Ixodes affinis, and Ixodes scapularis ticks.

218 its main vector, the northern lineage of I. scapularis ticks.

219 se and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in I. scapularis ticks.

220 s within 210 days after attachment of Ixodes scapularis ticks.

221 ith blood from infected mice and with Ixodes scapularis ticks.

222 mammals that host immature stages of Ixodes scapularis ticks.

223 the extracellular matrix, also exists in I. scapularis ticks.

224 tachment for nymphal and adult female lxodes scapularis ticks.

225 for the five OspA-negative isolates from I. scapularis ticks.

226 mayonii, are transmitted primarily by Ixodes scapularis ticks.

227 bited a reduced ability to survive in Ixodes scapularis ticks.

228 or engorged Ixodes dammini (also known as I. scapularis) ticks, further supporting the postulate that

229 its paralogs also reduced the ability of I. scapularis to feed, as demonstrated by a 50-70% decline

230 Ixodes scapularis transmits the agent of human granulocytic ana

231 The black-legged tick Ixodes scapularis transmits the human anaplasmosis agent, Anapl

232 e range expansion of the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis, upon which the causative agent, Borrelia bur

233 me disease focus with an abundance of Ixodes scapularis vector ticks and the first documentation of H

234 naturally colonized their arthropod (Ixodes scapularis) vector, were maintained in ticks throughout

235 tus-cottontail rabbit enzootic cycle, but I. scapularis was also found to harbor a strain of this gen

236 Larval acquisition of B. burgdorferi by I. scapularis was also inhibited by BBK32 antisera.

237 irochete-infected nymphal deer ticks (lxodes scapularis) was developed to assess human risk of Lyme d

238 urgdorferi) and its main tick vector (Ixodes scapularis) was studied concurrently and comparatively b

239 Infected nymphal Ixodes scapularis were allowed to feed individually on mice, an

240 FPI), Ixolaris, from the ixodid tick, Ixodes scapularis, which has 10 cysteines, and a thrombin inhib

241 For example, ticks such as Ixodes scapularis, which must remain on the host for up to 7 da

242 orferi, colonizes the gut of the tick Ixodes scapularis, which transmits the pathogen to vertebrate h