ライフサイエンスコーパス: scratching

1 moval of a spatial constraint rather than by scratching.

2 hanges triggered by dry-skin-evoked itch and scratching.

3 hese mice selectively attenuated itch-evoked scratching.

4 ent increase in spontaneous and touch-evoked scratching.

5 RPR internalization and morphine-independent scratching.

6 by pruritus but not its behavioral response, scratching.

7 ory) activated and deactivated by repetitive scratching.

8 subjected to tape stripping, a surrogate for scratching.

9 ring both fictive flexion reflex and fictive scratching.

10 nfected during the healing process 6 h after scratching.

11 gree of disability, and physical evidence of scratching.

12 d eye lesions due to irritation and constant scratching.

13 viors such as jumping, leg tremors, and cage scratching.

14 generator, was mainly quiet during deletion scratching.

15 stinct activity bursts during normal rostral scratching.

16 tor activity fired in bursts during deletion scratching.

17 al scratching were preserved during deletion scratching.

18 tivity of these interneurons during deletion scratching.

19 activity fired continuously during deletion scratching.

20 al constrictions, chewing, facial tremor and scratching.

21 ght-side rostral, pocket, and caudal fictive scratching.

22 mice scratched after observing a conspecific scratching.

23 l A1 (TRPA1) gene deletion blocks CQ-induced scratching.

24 ing are a peculiarity for motoneurons during scratching.

25 eviously shown for spinal motoneurons during scratching.

26 and the flexion components of locomotion and scratching.

27 shown previously for cat walking and turtle scratching.

28 fied during cat and human walking and turtle scratching.

29 studies of cat and human walking and turtle scratching.

30 pothalamus of mice that displayed contagious scratching.

31 n spinal neurons and prevented BA-stimulated scratching.

32 ns (aggression, grooming, and play) and self-scratching (a proxy indicator of anxiety) at 11-14 month

33 subjected to tape stripping, a surrogate for scratching, a cardinal feature of AD.

34 Hourly scratching activity (HSA) was continuously recorded for

35 Baseline mean values for VAS and scratching activity were higher than corresponding means

36 Scratching activity, independent of limb movements, was

37 intrathecal injection of GRP led to intense scratching, an effect largely reduced by either GRPR ant

38 d between 30-second duration applications of scratching and 30-second duration applications of no sti

39 H1 receptor antagonist terfenadine prevented scratching and alloknesis evoked by histamine, but not 5

40 ished models of psychosis: mescaline-induced scratching and amphetamine-induced hyperactivity.

41 Neurological signs, such as scratching and an extended clinical phase, were also cha

42 eurons receive intense synaptic input during scratching and behave like neurons in the hindlimb enlar

43 ng simple stereotypies that included intense scratching and biting behaviors.

44 strated a substantial reduction of excessive scratching and dramatic resolution of skin lesions.

45 t displacement behaviour--activities such as scratching and face touching--represents an important st

46 flexion reflex but inhibited during fictive scratching and fictive swimming.

47 y rhythmically hyperpolarized during fictive scratching and fictive swimming.

48 ip-flexor motor neurons were quiet in normal scratching and had zero overlap with hip-flexor motor ac

49 rent from the previous findings in low speed scratching and high speed grinding, in which there is an

50 and compared the cerebral mechanism of self-scratching and its correlation with pleasurability in 10

51 reflex can interrupt and reset the rhythm of scratching and locomotion, suggesting that a combination

52 mid-thoracic segments contribute to hindlimb scratching and may be part of a distributed motor networ

53 lts in an itchy phenotype with constant skin scratching and multi-organ inflammation.

54 w that IL-23 is released in human skin after scratching and polarizes human skin DCs to drive an IL-2

55 mice lacking HTR7 or TRPA1 displayed reduced scratching and skin lesion severity.

56 pathways and (2) development of spontaneous scratching and skin lesions.

57 t others could use this relationship between scratching and stress as an indication of the animal's s

58 inal motoneurons during network activity for scratching and swimming in an ex vivo carapace-spinal co

59 t of motoneurons are distinctly different in scratching and swimming.

60 ctivity may be associated with the addictive scratching and/or neural hypersensitization.

61 caused by a combination of intense pruritus, scratching, and epicutaneous (e.c.) sensitization with a

62 including limb withdrawal (flexion reflex), scratching, and locomotion, and thus is conducive to exa

63 wal measured as increased grooming, chewing, scratching, and shaking, plus the appearance of some uni

64 hydration on their response to indentation, scratching, and wear.

65 Coitus, biting, and scratching are transfer mechanisms for the two primary s

66 thmic movements, such as walking, chewing or scratching, are phylogenetically old motor behaviors fou

67 o address this issue, we use turtle hindlimb scratching as a model for fine motor control, since this

68 sought to validate and test the severity of scratching as an objective measure of itch (4-point ordi

69 4A domain of murine type XVII collagen begin scratching at age 2 months and then develop erosions, su

70 exion during flexion reflex, locomotion, and scratching based on evidence from studies of cat and hum

71 e, or endothelin-1) and recorded spontaneous scratching before and after drug administration.

72 mice lacking NAAA failed to develop edema or scratching behavior after challenge with DNFB, confirmin

73 The NK1-ablated shrews exhibited scratching behavior after systemic GR73632-injection.

74 ate the contribution of Mrgprs to SP-induced scratching behavior and activation of cultured dorsal ro

75 SP-induced scratching behavior and activation of cultured dorsal ro

76 Chronic BDL rats displayed enhanced scratching behavior and thermal hyperalgesia indicative

77 subpopulations of itch-responsive neurons to scratching behavior and thermal hypersensitivity.

78 cids and a TGR5-selective agonist stimulated scratching behavior by gastrin-releasing peptide- and op

79 omiting only, GR73632 caused both emesis and scratching behavior dose-dependently in shrews, and thes

80 te infiltration, and antihistamine-resistant scratching behavior in mice exposed to the haptens, oxaz

81 i.d.) administration of AYP elicited intense scratching behavior in mice, which was prevented by the

82 nduced calcium influx in DRG neurons and the scratching behavior in mice.

83 pport this novel concept based on attenuated scratching behavior in response to histaminergic (histam

84 nt thymic stromal lymphopoietin also induced scratching behavior in the specific pathogen-free NC/Tnd

85 Injection of recombinant TSLP also induced scratching behavior in the SPF NC/Tnd mice.

86 age and histamine, but not capsaicin, evoked scratching behavior indicating the presence of itch.

87 Finally, in a murine model of pruritus, the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 was mitiga

88 eta3(-/-) mice showed significant defects in scratching behavior induced by histamine; histamine-trif

89 re defective in SP signaling, and SP-induced scratching behavior was abolished in Trpa1(-/-) mice.

90 Scratching behavior was also induced by the intrathecal

91 dermally injected into mice and itch-related scratching behavior was assessed.

92 In a murine itch model, ET-1-induced scratching behavior was substantially augmented by pharm

93 opeptides, activation of spinal neurons, and scratching behavior were studied using TRPA1 antagonists

94 several closely related neuropeptides elicit scratching behavior when administered centrally.

95 and PrP(C) exhibit focal cerebellar atrophy, scratching behavior, and gait abnormalities suggestive o

96 In support of this concept we found that scratching behavior, evoked by direct intradermal activa

97 Combined studies of scratching behavior, patch-clamp recording, and Ca(2+) r

98 GRPR neurons in the SCN abolished contagious scratching behavior, which was recapitulated by chemogen

99 ng gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-dependent scratching behavior.

100 th hapten-induced cutaneous inflammation and scratching behavior.

101 ility, and heightened evoked and spontaneous scratching behavior.

102 Activation of SCN GRP/GRPR neurons evoked scratching behavior.

103 lockade or PI3Kgamma inhibition reversed the scratching behavior.

104 ns in the brainstem exhibit markedly reduced scratching behavior.

105 se mice led to significantly diminished itch-scratching behaviors and reduced TRPA1 expression in der

106 Here, we report that scratching behaviors induced by histamine-dependent and

107 GR73632 at different doses, and vomiting and scratching behaviors were quantified.

108 uller repertoire of locomotory, kicking, and scratching behaviors.

109 of a GRPR antagonist significantly inhibited scratching behaviour in three independent itch models.

110 lopment of lesions, HOCl reduced lesions and scratching behaviour to a similar extent as a positive c

111 The diminished scratching behaviour was confirmed by impaired response

112 In contrast, induction of scratching behaviour was significantly reduced in GRPR m

113 (licking or wiping) and itch-like (biting or scratching) behaviours.

114 Scratching beneath the surface: Pt-M(3d)-Pt(111) (M(3d)

115 Severity of scratching best correlated with patient-reported global

116 hanisms such as grinding, cleaving, rubbing, scratching, biting or thermal shock.

117 al response and intrathecal injection caused scratching, biting, and licking, a nocifensive response.

118 ce exhibited significantly fewer 5-HT-evoked scratching bouts compared with wild-type mice.

119 gel prevented the development of lesions and scratching bouts during the whole observation period.

120 hibited robust reversal of histamine-induced scratching bouts in mice.

121 ited by inadequate frequency and duration of scratching bouts required for contagious itch test.

122 nductance states are present not only during scratching but also during swimming.

123 Itch is relieved by scratching, but the neural mechanisms that are responsib

124 scharge at itch nerve terminals and bouts of scratching by about 50%.

125 ation induces neuronal hyperexcitability and scratching by unknown mechanisms.

126 lso examined on caudally directed biting and scratching (CDBS) behaviors induced by intrathecal admin

127 ation of the animal's stress state, and thus scratching could potentially have social function.

128 These mice showed profound scratching deficits in response to all of the itching (p

129 Erythema and intense scratching developed 2-3 days before the tumor in test m

130 xtensor activities underlying locomotion and scratching, even in the absence of brain inputs and move

131 a mouse model of chronic itch, we show that scratching evoked by impaired skin barrier is abolished

132 (+) neurons led to substantial reductions in scratching evoked by multiple pruritogens and occurring

133 Scratching evokes a rewarding and pleasurable sensation,

134 c dermatitis and psoriasis, including robust scratching, extensive epidermal hyperplasia, and dramati

135 Clinical eczema scores, as well as scratching frequency using a digital videotape system we

136 Scratching friction tests were conducted using a nano-in

137 timulation of large areas of skin such as by scratching, generates inhibitory activity which suppress

138 So far, such scratching has been seen as a by-product of physiologica

139 agious behaviors such as yawning and itching/scratching have mirror-like properties and clearly defin

140 chronic nicotine characterized by increased scratching, head nods, and body shakes.

141 During normal scratching, hip-flexor interneurons were active during h

142 d the production of, and social responses to scratching in a group of free-ranging rhesus macaques (M

143 nels are required for generating spontaneous scratching in a mouse model of ACD induced by squaric ac

144 dies that investigate the central effects of scratching in chronic itch conditions will be of high cl

145 as investigated the cerebral activity during scratching in chronic itch patients and whether it diffe

146 A higher activity during scratching in chronic itch patients, versus healthy cont

147 cratching in normal mice observing excessive scratching in genetically modified demonstrator mice.

148 withdrawal (flexion reflex), locomotion, and scratching in limbed vertebrates.

149 Q) stimulates itch nerves and causes intense scratching in mice by activating the G-protein coupled r

150 (Mrgprs), MrgprC11 and hMrgprX1, and induces scratching in mice in an Mrgpr-dependent manner.

151 vates MrgprC11 and evokes receptor-dependent scratching in mice.

152 gious itch occurs in mice based on imitative scratching in normal mice observing excessive scratching

153 e studies are needed to validate severity of scratching in other pruritic disease.

154 The bouts of scratching in response to CQ were not different between

155 TRPA1-deficient mice displayed little to no scratching in response to these pruritogens.

156 ls of BAs, prevented exacerbated spontaneous scratching in TGR5 overexpressing mice.

157 ergic signaling not only reduced spontaneous scratching in the IL-31Tg mice but also dramatically res

158 ist (Pro7-NKB), would induce vomiting and/or scratching in the least shrew (Cryptotis parva) in a dos

159 During normal rostral scratching in the spinal turtle, there is rhythmic alter

160 signaling in vitro and reduced IL-31-induced scratching in vivo.

161 agonist significantly attenuated 5-HT-evoked scratching in vivo.

162 ction potentials in DRG neurons and elicited scratching in WT mice but not Tlr3(-/-) mice.

163 f pruritus and its behavioral manifestation, scratching, in cholestasis.

164 DTP (30 microg) inhibited scratching induced by these peptides, but unlike the pep

165 gue [desTrp(3),Leu(8)]phyllolitorin (DTP) on scratching induced by three peptides (bombesin, neuromed

166 Scratching-induced pleasurability significantly activate

167 hat this reward system has a crucial role in scratching-induced pleasurability.

168 Our results show that repetitive scratching induces robust bilateral activation of the se

169 subjected to tape stripping, a surrogate for scratching, induces an IL-22 response that drives epider

170 voked by a painful stimulus, suggesting that scratching inhibits the transmission of itch in the spin

171 n this study, a novel approach of high speed scratching is carried out on silicon (Si) wafers at nano

172 The scratching is conducted on a Si wafer of 150 mm diameter

173 e rhythmic motor patterns for locomotion and scratching is distributed over spinal cord segments of t

174 Because scratching is highly specialized rhythmic behavior, it i

175 ation we feel and the relief that comes from scratching, is an evolutionary warning system and defens

176 [very prominent] based on the observation of scratching lesions).

177 Toxicity was characterized by scratching, lethargy, respiratory distress, collapse, an

178 Severity of scratching may be a useful endpoint in clinical trials a

179 These findings suggest that heat pain and scratching may inhibit itch through a neurogenic mechani

180 P channels participate in pruritogen-induced scratching may involve sites of action other than the pr

181 form MOR1D is essential for morphine-induced scratching (MIS), whereas the isoform MOR1 is required o

182 In the mescaline-induced scratching model, AMAC treatment before mescaline admini

183 Analyses of fictive scratching motor patterns in the spinal turtle with tran

184 systematic bias to this feedback, and aimed scratching movements were analyzed over the week after s

185 CI1) in locusts that performed natural aimed scratching movements.

186 key spinal interneurons with locomotion and scratching networks across limbed vertebrates generally.

187 Histamine itself elicited bouts of scratching not associated with the mechanical stimulus,

188 We demonstrate that scratching of human skin and tape stripping of mouse ski

189 ed to a significant reduction in spontaneous scratching of the hapten-challenged nape of the neck of

190 Subjects underwent functional imaging during scratching of the right lower leg.

191 sess the effect of thermal stimuli or distal scratching on skin blood flow and histamine-induced itch

192 gh-conductance state is a select feature for scratching or a property that goes with spinal motor net

193 ction independently, as in behaviors such as scratching or searching, or be used in coordinated patte

194 uration, direction, and physical evidence of scratching paralleled changes in the visual analog pruri

195 scaline administration reduced the number of scratching paroxysms by 68% (P < 0.01).

196 In contrast, the scratching persisted and skin lesions worsened over time

197 itch, we assessed the behavioral responses (scratching) produced by s.c. injection of various prurit

198 e mid-thoracic interneurons activated during scratching project descending axons toward the hindlimb

199 Scratching reduced mean histamine-induced skin blood flo

200 Watching video clips of someone scratching (relative to control videos of tapping) activ

201 ic acid (0.2 mol/L) pH-dependently induced a scratching response in mice when applied intradermally t

202 1, is involved in the acidic citrate-induced scratching response.

203 us nonpeptidergic neurons did not affect the scratching responses to a number of pruritogens.

204 A1 and TRPV1 channels may be involved in the scratching responses to intradermal pruritogens, this is

205 skin lesions and show significantly enhanced scratching responses to pruritic agents.

206 ature cattle were injured by blunt impact or scratching, resulting in localized chondrocyte death.

207 ming of (i.e., reset) cat walking and turtle scratching rhythms; in addition, reflex responses to leg

208 There was a significant decrease in scratching severity for patients experiencing itch impro

209 Patients experiencing improvement of scratching severity of 1 point or greater had significan

210 on reflex, multiple forms of locomotion, and scratching share key components.

211 intrinsic mechanisms that inhibit itch after scratching should facilitate the search for new methods

212 Severity of scratching showed responsiveness over time.

213 Scratching significantly attenuated the itch sensation (

214 Scratching stimulus was started 60 seconds after initiat

215 sol, but not stress-related behaviors (e.g., scratching), suggesting the possibility of some anxiolyt

216 tor behaviours, including swimming, walking, scratching, swallowing, micturition and sexual climax, a

217 ests were conducted using a nano-indentation-scratching system with the tip motion parallel or perpen

218 tic trials), and also during an anisometric "scratching" task of rhythmically moving the fingertip al

219 nd biting of fingernails in conjunction with scratching the backs of carriers (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.6-4

220 We observed that scratching the cutaneous receptive field of primate STT

221 mond nucleation was achieved by mechanically scratching the quartz.

222 Scratching the skin of healthy adults and tape stripping

223 elopment, has restricted researchers to only scratching the surface of this inherently challenging su

224 e that the prostanoid thromboxane A2 elicits scratching through its TP receptor.

225 to almost every leg motion, from posture to scratching to locomotion.

226 rophysiologic reflexes, such as coughing and scratching, to expel invading pathogens and noxious envi

227 Scratching triggers skin flares in atopic dermatitis.

228 y, we examine the central sensory effects of scratching using blood oxygen level-dependent functional

229 2 degrees C, noxious heat 49 degrees C, and scratching via a brush with controlled pressure.

230 Scratching was attenuated in Tgr5-KO mice but exacerbate

231 Spontaneous scratching was exacerbated in transgenic mice that overe

232 Firstly, we found that the likelihood of scratching was greater around periods of heightened soci

233 Histamine- and touch-evoked scratching was inhibited by the mu-opiate antagonist nal

234 Touch-evoked scratching was observed following i.d. 5-HT (5-hydroxytr

235 In addition, no corneal scratching was observed using fluorescein stain.

236 nd spanning interneuron firing during normal scratching were preserved during deletion scratching.

237 nd hyperactive behaviors such as jumping and scratching were recorded.

238 tensor deletion variation of fictive rostral scratching, were elicited by ipsilateral stimulation in

239 Nppb triggered potent scratching when injected intrathecally in wild-type and

240 itus score was 1.1; 8 patients had only mild scratching when undistracted.

241 dently elicit the same degree of robust itch scratching, which can be inhibited by mu-opioid peptide

242 rges associated with vigorous and continuous scratching, wild running, or bilateral jerking movements

243 During rostral scratching with hip-extensor deletions, there are succes

244 both beta-endorphin- and GRP-elicited robust scratching without affecting pain processing.

245 ers' rate of displacement activities such as scratching, yawning, and self-grooming.