ライフサイエンスコーパス: sea ice

1 extent have increased drift rates of Arctic sea ice.

2 ina as a potential mercury methylator within sea ice.

3 simultaneous disappearance of continental or sea ice.

4 quatorward transport, conducive to increased sea ice.

5 line in marine mammals reliant on decreasing sea ice.

6 posed as a proxy measure of palaeo Antarctic sea ice.

7 a hiatus in the decline of September Arctic sea ice.

8 l methylation of mercury in Arctic multiyear sea ice.

9 led substantial numbers of whales inside the sea ice.

10 ions in light, temperature and the extent of sea ice.

11 m developed in situ despite the snow-covered sea ice.

12 nkton environment is constrained by seasonal sea ice.

13 greatest sea ice concentration and earliest sea ice advance, while males foraged longer in polynyas

14 ce extent continues to increase, with autumn sea ice advances in the western Ross Sea particularly an

15 e spring, and in turn triggered the positive sea-ice albedo feedback process and accelerated the sea

16 Through the sea ice-albedo feedback, models produce a high-latitude

17 se processes: for example, melting of Arctic sea ice allows solar UV radiation to penetrate into the

18 ern Ross Sea dominate increases in Antarctic sea ice and are outside the range simulated by climate m

19 Atmospheric deposition of mercury onto sea ice and circumpolar sea water provides mercury for m

20 ave can also initiate widespread fracture of sea ice and further increase the likelihood of subsequen

21 reakup of melange, a floating aggregation of sea ice and icebergs, has been accompanied by an increas

22 First, given current reductions in sea ice and increases in Arctic killer whale sightings,

23 mining sea level rise, the fate of Antarctic sea ice and its effect on the Earth's albedo, ongoing ch

24 of the Greenland Ice Sheet and reductions in sea ice and permafrost distribution are likely to alter

25 were attributed to increase in temperature, sea ice and phytoplankton.

26 , we present evidence that the microbiota of sea ice and sea ice-influenced ocean are a previously un

27 ty microbial DNA from Antarctic snow, brine, sea ice and sea water to elucidate potential microbially

28 affecting the distribution of mercury within sea ice and snow are poorly understood.

29 ssure over the region arising from decreased sea ice and snow cover.

30 unappreciated link between the expansion of sea ice and the appearance of a voluminous and insulated

31 le component might reflect co-variability of sea ice and tundra productivity due to a common forcing,

32 lowing warm Atlantic Layer water, ice sheet, sea-ice and ice-shelf feedbacks, and sensitivity to high

33 ss major regions around West Antarctica with sea-ice and primary production, from remotely sensed and

34 Mean concentrations in seawater, sea-ice and snow were generally greater at the Arctic si

35 utable to the accelerating decline in Arctic sea ice, and contributes to declining large herbivore re

36 Complementary sampling of air, snow, sea-ice, and seawater for a range of organochlorine pest

37 feedback which subsequently amplifies summer sea ice anomalies.

38 greater Arctic cloud cover, further reduced sea ice area at high CO2, and a stronger increase with C

39 Instead, a reduction in winter sea ice area of 65+/-7% fully explains the 128 ka ice co

40 relationship between monthly-mean September sea-ice area and cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissio

41 loss of 3 +/- 0.3 square meters of September sea-ice area per metric ton of CO2 emission.

42 ynamically linked to the expansion of summer sea ice around Antarctica.

43 harbored the highest quantities, indicating sea ice as a possible transport vehicle.

44 Our finding of a marked retreat of the sea ice at 128 ka demonstrates the sensitivity of Antarc

45 ntarctic, possibly due to full submersion of sea-ice at the former.

46 Declining sea ice availability has been linked to negative populat

47 Growth sharply declines with increasing sea-ice blockage of light from the benthic algal habitat

48 Accurate pH measurements in polar waters and sea ice brines require pH indicator dyes characterized a

49 affects the development and distribution of sea ice, but at present the evidence of polar ecosystem

50 We propose that Antarctic sea ice can harbour a microbial source of methylmercury

51 ion of moisture sourced from the Arctic with sea ice change in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland Sea

52 Future ocean and sea-ice changes affecting the distribution of such speci

53 lso linked to the fidelity with which future sea-ice changes are simulated.

54 In a two-step teleconnection, sea-ice changes lead to reorganization of tropical conve

55 fication was variable and linked to seasonal sea-ice changes.

56 ukchi seas during two periods with different sea ice characteristics.

57 , we examine how inter-annual variability in sea ice concentration and advance affect the foraging be

58 ed longer in pack ice in years with greatest sea ice concentration and earliest sea ice advance, whil

59 y, we use spatially explicit remotely sensed sea ice concentration and high-resolution terrestrial pr

60 atial patterns of winter Northern Hemisphere sea ice concentration trends over the satellite period b

61 oraged longer in polynyas in years of lowest sea ice concentration.

62 d more cold air to the area, reinforcing the sea-ice concentration anomaly east of Greenland.

63 s evident in recent years, whereas Antarctic sea-ice concentration exhibits a generally increasing tr

64 A decreasing trend in Arctic sea-ice concentration is evident in recent years, wherea

65 s, the leading mode of variability of global sea-ice concentration is positively correlated with the

66 the opposite trends in Arctic and Antarctic sea-ice concentration may be linked, at least partially,

67 on (MLR) technique with autumn conditions of sea-ice concentration, stratospheric circulation, and se

68 s that contribute to the opposite changes in sea-ice concentration.

69 -term time series of observed and reanalysis sea-ice concentrations data suggest the possibility of t

70 As such, their productivity integrates sea ice conditions and the ecosystem supporting them.

71 By midcentury, changing sea ice conditions enable expanded September navigabilit

72 the rapid establishment of extreme Antarctic sea ice conditions on synoptic time scales.

73 n spring foraging success of polar bears and sea ice conditions, prey productivity, and general patte

74 South Pacific drive western Ross Sea autumn sea ice conditions.

75 gional atmospheric and ocean temperatures or sea-ice conditions, although the colony population maxim

76 ocked the westward ice drift and hence aided sea ice consolidation on its eastern side.

77 al liver Delta(199)Hg values suggests a mild sea ice control on marine MMHg breakdown, the effect is

78 t proxy records of Arctic Ocean temperature, sea ice cover and circulation.

79 The results demonstrate that sea ice cover and demographic factors have a greater inf

80 Sea ice cover and duration predetermine levels of phytop

81 r atmospheric temperatures lead to increased sea ice cover and formation rate around Antarctica.

82 Ocean in general and the fate of the Arctic sea ice cover in particular.

83 vident, particularly in the rapid decline of sea ice cover in the Arctic.

84 A spatiotemporal analysis of sea ice cover that accounts for the habitat of ringed se

85 ng relationship between planetary albedo and sea ice cover, quantities inferred from two independent

86 omena, including the evolution of the Arctic sea ice cover, the El Nio Southern Oscillation (ENSO), t

87 oceanic processes, particularly diminishing sea ice cover, upper ocean warming, and increasing and p

88 ose timing is temporally matched to seasonal sea ice cover.

89 origin and that primary production rate and sea-ice cover are major drivers of its concentration in

90 We find that decreased sea-ice cover during early winter months (November-Decem

91 and 2012 exhibited the lowest Arctic summer sea-ice cover in historic times.

92 ing, thus explaining the recent reduction in sea-ice cover in the eastern Eurasian Basin.

93 sis is constrained by the limitations of the sea-ice cover record, preliminary statistical analyses o

94 ermediate depth water (AIW) temperatures and sea-ice cover spanning the last 1.5 million years (Ma)

95 urvival, then increased temperature, reduced sea-ice cover, and stronger winds are affecting the popu

96 rst high-resolution in situ marine proxy for sea-ice cover.

97 Despite global warming, total Antarctic sea ice coverage increased over 1979-2013.

98 Arctic sea ice coverage is shrinking in response to global clim

99 re by changing weather patterns and reducing sea ice coverage.

100 ive ice-sheets, massively increased seasonal sea-ice coverage and southerly extent of cold water woul

101 measurements along with satellite microwave sea ice data to document the Arctic-wide decrease in pla

102 contributions to the observed summer Arctic sea ice decline are not well understood.

103 n through Arctic amplification suggests that sea ice decline has the potential to influence ecologica

104 ce a high-latitude surface ocean warming and sea ice decline, contrasting the observed net cooling an

105 substantially to the observed summer Arctic sea ice decline.

106 -2013) and the recent period of rapid Arctic sea-ice decline (1990-2013).

107 Additionally, in contrast to the sea-ice decline over the Arctic, Antarctic sea ice has n

108 ocesses are implicated in Arctic warming and sea-ice decline.

109 ents in the study of ecological responses to sea-ice decline.

110 he average concentration of total mercury in sea ice decreased from winter (9.7 ng L(-1)) to spring (

111 ad formation due to thinner and more dynamic sea ice despite projected increases in high-Arctic snowf

112 reinforced late Pliocene Pacific freshening, sea-ice development and ice volume increase, culminating

113 25 in three (or four) relatively minor (<5%) sea ice diatoms isolated from mixed assemblages collecte

114 infer the future evolution of Arctic summer sea ice directly from the observational record.

115 y have been caused by the progressive summer sea ice disappearance between 1988 and 2002.

116 sed land than for bears that remained on the sea ice during summer and fall, while mean concentration

117 xtensive phytoplankton blooms beneath ponded sea ice during summer, indicating that satellite-based A

118 h the degree to which large-scale changes in sea-ice dynamics across the Arctic alter ozone chemistry

119 stal depletion events are directly linked to sea-ice dynamics.

120 At the Southern Ocean sea ice edge in coastal McMurdo Sound, we observed simul

121 otal mercury concentrations in the Antarctic sea ice environment covering data from measurements in a

122 This study shows that the sea ice environment is a significant interphase between

123 al variation of mercury species in the polar sea ice environment probably due to varying factors such

124 ast 150 y instead have been characterized by sea ice exhibiting multidecadal variability with a long-

125 itions prevailed in the early Pliocene until sea ice expanded from the central Arctic Ocean for the f

126 and enhanced freshening of the Arctic Ocean, sea ice expanded progressively in response to positive i

127 exceptional wintertime conditions arose from sea ice expansion and reduced ocean heat losses in the N

128 ate response was prolonged by NH glacier and sea ice expansion, increased NH albedo, AMOC weakening,

129 continental shelves, and associated seasonal sea-ice expansion across the Southern Ocean.

130 uggest that Arctic warming, through thinning sea ice, extension of the seasonal sea ice zone, intensi

131 ance in years coinciding with periods of low sea ice extent (2008 and 2010).

132 y in causing the observed Barents Sea winter sea ice extent (SIE) decline since 1979.

133 ut the downward cross-decade trend in Arctic sea ice extent and elicit inferences consistent with the

134 potentially positive feedbacks (increases in sea ice extent and enhanced primary productivity) and ne

135 rends in climate model simulations.Antarctic sea ice extent continues to increase, with autumn sea ic

136 s showing moss bank initiation and decreased sea ice extent during this time period.

137 quantitative link between precipitation and sea ice extent is poorly constrained.

138 al a substantial decline in September Arctic sea ice extent since 1979, which has played a leading ro

139 ka demonstrates the sensitivity of Antarctic sea ice extent to climate warming.

140 The key players for summer Arctic sea ice extent variability at multidecadal/centennial ti

141 Winter Arctic sea ice extent will remain low but with a general increa

142 for changes and variations of summer Arctic sea ice extent, and many are based on short observationa

143 ine a non-dimensional seasonality number for sea ice extent, area, and volume from satellite data and

144 l low-frequency variability of Summer Arctic sea ice extent, using a 3,600-y-long control climate mod

145 cross a full decade was anti-correlated with sea ice extent.

146 of northwestern Europe and in winter Arctic sea ice extent.

147 eratures likely reflects changes in regional sea ice extent.

148 creased the probability of record-low Arctic sea ice extent.

149 itions via a local positive atmosphere-ocean-sea-ice feedback in the North Atlantic.

150 duce the initial hydroclimate dipole through sea-ice feedbacks in the Nordic Seas.

151 nd/or solar forcing, and associated regional sea-ice feedbacks.

152 es: cumulative ocean surface heat fluxes and sea ice formation close to PIIS; and interannual reversa

153 of cold water, originating in polynyas upon sea ice formation, reaching the sub-ice-shelf cavity.

154 Atlantic Deep Water formation and enhancing sea ice formation.

155 d release of oceanic heat has reduced winter sea-ice formation at a rate now comparable to losses fro

156 ration timing as related to delayed regional sea ice freeze-up since the 1990s, using two independent

157 ing occurred significantly later as regional sea ice freeze-up timing became later in the Beaufort, C

158 The ongoing regime shift of Arctic sea ice from perennial to seasonal ice is associated wit

159 n Beaufort Sea (SB) population where loss in sea ice habitat has been associated with declines in bod

160 Recent decline of sea ice habitat has coincided with increased use of land

161 tial changes in the seasonal availability of sea ice habitat in parts of their range, including the B

162 terrestrial food, and as the availability of sea ice habitat increased.

163 s (1986-1994 and 2008-2011) when declines in sea ice habitat occurred.

164 SB, and a shorter recent history of reduced sea ice habitat, may explain the maintenance of conditio

165 Northern Hemisphere sea ice has been declining sharply over the past decades

166 The decline of Arctic sea ice has been documented in over 30 y of satellite pa

167 e sea-ice decline over the Arctic, Antarctic sea ice has not declined, but has instead undergone a pe

168 Accelerated warming and melting of Arctic sea-ice has been associated with significant increases i

169 ntrasting regional changes in Southern Ocean sea ice have occurred over the last 30 years with distin

170 Climate-driven reductions in sea ice have recently created ice-free conditions in the

171 The consequences of rapid changes in Arctic sea ice have the potential to affect migrations of a num

172 us potentially contributed to the melting of sea ice, icebergs, and terminal ice-sheet margins.

173 0 degrees C per year, freshwater runoff and sea ice in the 1980s) rather than by local changes in th

174 hokalskiy and Xuelong, were trapped by thick sea ice in the Antarctic coastal region just to the west

175 Accelerated loss of sea ice in the Arctic is opening routes connecting the A

176 ived from the relatively long persistence of sea ice in the autumn.

177 ard longwave radiation, as well as a loss of sea ice in the Barents and Kara seas, were observed.

178 crucial for reproducing the recent observed sea ice increase.

179 ne, contrasting the observed net cooling and sea ice increase.

180 xplain an important fraction of the observed sea ice increase.

181 tially sensitive proxy indicator of landfast sea ice influenced by meltwater discharge from nearby gl

182 evidence that the microbiota of sea ice and sea ice-influenced ocean are a previously unknown signif

183 derstanding ocean mixing processes and ocean-sea ice interactions.

184 The loss of Arctic sea ice is a conspicuous example of climate change.

185 Sea ice is an important component of the global climate

186 t that penetrates the halocline to reach the sea ice is not well known, but vertical heat transport t

187 Arctic sea ice is retreating rapidly, raising prospects of a fu

188 The Antarctic summer sea ice is undergoing rapid regional change in annual ex

189 Projected Arctic warming, with more open sea ice leads providing halogen sources that promote AMD

190 more dynamic patterns of opening and closing sea-ice leads (large transient channels of open water in

191 oncentrations in the upwind presence of open sea-ice leads.

192 Until recent declines in Arctic sea ice levels, narwhals (Monodon monoceros) have lived

193 eriments indicate that the warming effect of sea ice loss and associated upward turbulent heat fluxes

194 the past few decades, especially in terms of sea ice loss and ocean warming.

195 , reflected by more prevalent easterly flow, sea ice loss does not lead to Northern European winter c

196 nged seals, and bearded seals despite recent sea ice loss in this region.

197 as analogue to predict the effects of Arctic sea ice loss on mid-latitude weather.

198 n proposed as a dynamical pathway for Arctic sea ice loss to cause Northern European cooling.

199 nal-scale NAO- events are affected by Arctic sea ice loss.

200 es and model experiments, we show how Arctic sea-ice loss and cold winters in extra-polar regions are

201 , amplified warming in Arctic regions due to sea-ice loss and other processes, relative to global mea

202 Here we identify a new link between Arctic sea-ice loss and the North Pacific geopotential ridge de

203 Because climate-model simulations of the sea-ice loss differ substantially, we used a robust line

204 Arctic sea-ice loss is a leading indicator of climate change an

205 We conclude that sea-ice loss of the magnitude expected in the next decad

206 of Arctic sea-ice, the mechanism that links sea-ice loss to cold winters remains a subject of debate

207 Most sea-ice loss to date has occurred over polar continental

208 cluding stratospheric ozone depletion, local sea-ice loss, an increase in westerly winds, and changes

209 Sea ice losses are projected to continue, and population

210 rive considerable carbon immobilization, but sea-ice losses across West Antarctica mean that signific

211 owth responses of Antarctic shelf benthos to sea-ice losses and phytoplankton increases were investig

212 Climate forcing of sea-ice losses from the Arctic and West Antarctic are bl

213 To date, most sea-ice losses have been Arctic, so, if hyperboreal bent

214 d a key area of both sea surface warming and sea-ice losses.

215 h has shown increased blooms coincident with sea-ice losses.

216 8.2 +/- 4.6% and 10.8 +/- 3.6%/100,000 km(2) sea ice lost for each region, respectively, correspondin

217 Reductions in Arctic sea ice may promote the negative phase of the North Atla

218 ting a marine biosphere-climate link through sea ice melt and low altitude clouds that may have contr

219 d over the Arctic Ocean due to the effect of sea ice melt and/or runoff.

220 Seasonal sea-ice melt processes may alter the exchange rates of s

221 albedo feedback process and accelerated the sea ice melting in the summer.

222 hrough the early stages of respective spring sea-ice melting at coastal sites in northeast Greenland

223 are likely to increase in number and size as sea ice melts and abundant Arctic natural resources beco

224 tions of all analytes in Arctic seawater and sea-ice meltwater samples (224-253 and 34.7-48.2 pg.L(-1

225 o methylate mercury were notably absent from sea-ice metagenomes.

226 fter a decade with nine of the lowest arctic sea-ice minima on record, including the historically low

227 ic blocking, in combination with a sensitive sea-ice model, are able to simulate this kind of abrupt

228 tic-Subarctic, i.e. the northern hemisphere, sea ice now exhibits similar levels of seasonality to th

229 me shift to 20(th) century unprecedented low sea-ice occurrence in the East Greenland Current and con

230 tmospheric circulation, reductions in Arctic sea ice, ocean warming, and changes in evaporation and t

231 At Ryder Bay, West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) sea ice, oceanography, phytoplankton and encrusting zoob

232 Findings suggest that sea-ice OCP burdens originate from both snow and seawate

233 rence in far-IR emissivity between ocean and sea ice of between 0.1 and 0.2, suggests the potential f

234 The effects of declining Arctic sea ice on local ecosystem productivity are not well und

235 find that the independent, direct effect of sea ice on the increase of the percentage of Arctic sour

236 ernates between being primarily regulated by sea ice or glacial discharge from the surrounding ground

237 -deficient zone in the oceanic water column, sea ice or polar snow.

238 Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) summer on the sea ice or, where it melts, on shore.

239 e test predictions on the interactions among sea ice phenology and production timing of ice algae and

240 paleothermometry of the ostracode Krithe and sea-ice planktic and benthic indicator species, we sugge

241 The rapid decline in Arctic sea ice poses urgent questions concerning its ecological

242 asonal lag relationship has implications for sea ice prediction.

243 show that melange laden with thick landfast sea ice produces enough resistance to shut down calving

244 early 21st centuries, likely due to changing sea ice productivity and reduced delivery of organic mat

245 ine long-term trends in foraging ecology and sea ice productivity.

246 e analyze seven climate model projections of sea ice properties, assuming two different climate chang

247 poleward migratory predator through varying sea ice property and dynamic anomalies.

248 Sea ice reached its modern winter maximum extension for

249 cability of the IP25 proxy for palaeo Arctic sea ice reconstruction.

250 n established method for carrying out palaeo sea ice reconstructions for the Arctic.

251 and contributes to the observed dipole-like sea-ice redistribution between the Ross and Amundsen-Bel

252 observed Antarctic Peninsula warming or the sea-ice redistribution in austral winter.

253 vidence for the response of precipitation to sea ice reduction and assess the sensitivity of the resp

254 ge warming because of feedbacks that include sea-ice reduction and other dynamical and radiative feed

255 Rapid Arctic warming and sea-ice reduction in the Arctic Ocean are widely attribu

256 of ice melting in mid-May through inhibiting sea-ice refreezing in the winter and accelerating the pr

257 recursors released by open water and melting sea ice regions.

258 The strong link points to a peak in sea-ice-related feedbacks that occurs long before the Ar

259 ion between whales and the dynamic, changing sea ice requires reexamination of the power to detect tr

260 water and ice is a major factor in seasonal sea ice retreat, and has received increasing attention w

261 easonal and interannual variations in Arctic sea ice retreat.

262 As sea ice retreats and dissolved organic carbon inputs to

263 icroscopic examination of fixed seawater and sea ice samples revealed chytrids parasitizing diatoms c

264 ment covering data from measurements in air, sea ice, seawater, snow, frost flowers, and brine.

265 he distribution profile between seawater and sea-ice showed a compound-dependency for Arctic samples

266 he speeds of both Arctic surface warming and sea-ice shrinking have accelerated over recent decades.

267 Here we identify an Arctic sea ice signal in the annual timing of vegetation emerge

268 forced regional abrupt changes in the ocean, sea ice, snow cover, permafrost, and terrestrial biosphe

269 tic Ocean temperatures influence ecosystems, sea ice, species diversity, biogeochemical cycling, seaf

270 ncreased seasonality in the Arctic-Subarctic sea ice system, we define a non-dimensional seasonality

271 r study clarifies the range of mechanisms in sea ice/terrestrial productivity coupling, allowing the

272 l/sub-regional and large-scale components of sea ice/terrestrial productivity coupling.

273 However, reported sea ice/terrestrial productivity linkages have seldom be

274 warming within the WAP will cause changes in sea ice that will influence viruses and their microbial

275 tic Multidecadal Oscillation, loss of Arctic sea ice, the fluctuating jet stream, and regular incursi

276 e partly driven by dramatic losses of Arctic sea-ice, the mechanism that links sea-ice loss to cold w

277 logic cycle, which is, in part, regulated by sea ice through its control on evaporation and precipita

278 sition is attributed to the export of excess sea ice to the subpolar North Atlantic and a subsequent

279 The contribution of declining Arctic sea ice to warming in the region through Arctic amplific

280 5 include its strict association with Arctic sea ice together with its ubiquity and stability in unde

281 changes have also increased the advection of sea ice towards the east coast of the peninsula, amplify

282 This contributes to weak western Ross Sea ice trends in climate model simulations.Antarctic se

283 Autumn sea ice trends in the western Ross Sea dominate increase

284 and coherent response to air temperature and sea-ice trends, linked through the dominant mode of atmo

285 Westward and northward drift of the sea ice used by polar bears in both regions increased be

286 cord of Labrador Sea productivity related to sea-ice variability in Labrador, Canada that extends wel

287 s to both observational and proxy records of sea-ice variability, and show persistent patterns of co-

288 d fundamental changes in AIW temperature and sea-ice variability.

289 ic indicates that during the Little Ice Age, sea ice was extensive but highly variable on subdecadal

290 lla frigidimarina (an isolate from Antarctic Sea ice) was used within miniature microbial fuel cells

291 nce of the ice-albedo feedback on summertime sea ice, we find that during some time interval of the s

292 ales are frequently sighted within Antarctic sea ice where navigational safety concerns prevent ships

293 e deep waters only came to the surface under sea ice, which insulated them from atmospheric forcing,

294 out mercury dynamics within Arctic multiyear sea ice, which is being rapidly replaced with first-year

295 On the basis of this sensitivity, Arctic sea ice will be lost throughout September for an additio

296 warm Atlantic Ocean water to melt all Arctic sea ice within a few years, a cold halocline limits upwa

297 When sea ice within melange thins, the buttressing force on t

298 tHg and MeHg concentrations in the marginal sea ice zone (81-85 degrees N).

299 thinning sea ice, extension of the seasonal sea ice zone, intensified surface ocean stratification a

300 export regimes turning the glacial seasonal sea-ice zone into a carbon sink.