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   1 r significantly when comparing pandemic with seasonal influenza.                                     
     2 ck/sepsis, and organ failure than those with seasonal influenza.                                     
     3 H1N1pdm09 than persons of the same ages with seasonal influenza.                                     
     4 ansmission patterns previously described for seasonal influenza.                                     
     5 ss hospitalizations that are attributable to seasonal influenza.                                     
     6  increase was not greater than observed with seasonal influenza.                                     
     7 spitalization, and high mortality similar to seasonal influenza.                                     
     8 ly rigorous system for real-time forecast of seasonal influenza.                                     
     9  that likely exceeds excess mortality due to seasonal influenza.                                     
    10 tory disease in HCT recipients compared with seasonal influenza.                                     
    11 ve activity, and compared characteristics to seasonal influenza.                                     
    12 s sensitive for 2009 H1N1 influenza than for seasonal influenza.                                     
    13 viduals presented with symptoms atypical for seasonal influenza.                                     
    14 ILI) reports to create a weekly forecast for seasonal influenza.                                     
    15 ncidence and rates of antigenic evolution of seasonal influenza?                                     
    16 serial passage in MDCK cells inoculated with seasonal influenza A (H1N1) viruses at a low multiplicit
  
    18   The strategy was validated on thousands of seasonal influenza A and B virus-positive specimens usin
    19 [HA], neuraminidase [NA], and matrix [M]) of seasonal influenza A and B viruses for next-generation s
  
    21 dy responses, individuals vaccinated against seasonal influenza A may still benefit from preexisting 
    22 o the high morbidity and mortality caused by seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) infections in older ind
    23  be school-aged, compared with patients with seasonal influenza A virus infection (prevalence ratio [
    24 nd influenza-associated pneumonia similar to seasonal influenza A virus infection and accounts for a 
    25 ded more school-aged children, compared with seasonal influenza A virus infection and noninfluenza IL
    26 )pdm09 infection were compared to those with seasonal influenza A virus infection and those with ILI 
  
  
    29 valent influenza vaccine (sTIV) containing a seasonal influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A[H1N1]) compon
    30 occurred as a second epidemic peak following seasonal influenza A virus subtype H3N2 cases in 2009 an
  
  
  
    34 ting influenza virus pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs) are among the most c
  
  
    37 iod, with 20 discrete introductions of human seasonal influenza A viruses showing sustained onward tr
    38 regulates IFN production during infection by seasonal influenza A viruses that activate IRF3 and IFN 
  
  
  
    42  human population, specifically two types of seasonal influenza A viruses: (i) H3N2 and H1N1 viruses 
    43 2) predominated in 14 (56%) of the 25 years, seasonal influenza A(H1N1) in 7 (28%), and influenza B i
  
  
  
    47 aused by individual influenza strains (i.e., seasonal influenza A(H1N1), pandemic A(H1N1), A(H3N2), a
    48 ic cross-reactivity among humans primed with seasonal influenza A(H3N2) (sH3N2), using postinfection 
    49 , in stark contrast to oseltamivir-resistant seasonal influenza A(H3N2) viruses, H7N9 virus replicati
  
    51 tal of 161 HCT recipients (18 2009 H1N1, 103 seasonal influenza A, and 40 seasonal influenza B) were 
  
    53 ryngeal specimen sensitivities were 100% for seasonal influenza A/H1 virus and influenza A/H3 virus, 
    54 2009, oseltamivir resistance developed among seasonal influenza A/H1N1 (sH1N1) virus isolates at an e
  
    56 mismatch on IAV reassortment using the human seasonal influenza A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) and pandemic 
    57 estimate was similar in magnitude to that of seasonal influenza, a marked shift toward mortality amon
  
  
  
    61 rs for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), seasonal influenza affects 5% to 20% of the U.S. populat
  
    63 reat due to unpredictable antigenic drift in seasonal influenza and antigenic shifts caused by the em
    64 tive as a broadly protective vaccine against seasonal influenza and emerging pandemic threats.IMPORTA
    65 ntial for the treatment of both pandemic and seasonal influenza and has a distinct advantage over the
    66 o assess human B cell responses to trivalent seasonal influenza and monovalent pandemic H1N1 vaccinat
    67  level to quantify the relationships between seasonal influenza and monthly minimum temperature (MIT)
    68 ission relative to comparable estimates from seasonal influenza and other directly transmitted infect
    69 iral tropism and tissue damage compared with seasonal influenza and prompted further investigation.  
  
    71  in order to investigate the epidemiology of seasonal influenza and the characteristics of the circul
    72 ntification of known risk factors for severe seasonal influenza and the more protracted clinical cour
    73 nsive, and widely available, vaccination for seasonal influenza and the novel H1N1 strain is indicate
  
    75 associations between weather variability and seasonal influenza, and growth rates of seasonal influen
    76  <5 years of age, the mean annual numbers of seasonal influenza- and RSV-associated all-respiratory d
  
  
    79  childbearing age, the majority of estimated seasonal influenza-associated deaths occurred in HIV-inf
    80 gnant women experienced an increased risk of seasonal influenza-associated mortality compared with no
    81 nonpregnant women, the estimated mean annual seasonal influenza-associated mortality rate was 41.2 (8
    82  During 1999-2009, the estimated mean annual seasonal influenza-associated mortality rates were 12.6 
    83 ng pregnant women, the estimated mean annual seasonal influenza-associated mortality rates were 74.9 
  
  
    86 ldren who received TIV had a reduced risk of seasonal influenza B confirmed by RT-PCR, with a vaccine
  
  
    89 ss analysis, we used a transmission model of seasonal influenza calibrated to 14 seasons of weekly co
    90  suggest that previous exposure of humans to seasonal influenza can poise them to respond to avian H7
    91 ain outcome is the percentage of prospective seasonal influenza cases identified by the ALERT algorit
  
  
  
    95 variants, as well as viral escape mutants in seasonal influenza, compromise the buildup of herd immun
  
  
  
  
  
   101 in hospitalized children aged <18 years with seasonal influenza (during 2003-2009) and 2009 pandemic 
  
   103  and seasonal influenza, and growth rates of seasonal influenza epidemics among different age groups 
   104 of reduced air traffic and the asynchrony of seasonal influenza epidemics among West African countrie
  
   106 vention and treatment for management of both seasonal influenza epidemics and pandemics are desirable
  
  
   109 evelopment of systems capable of forecasting seasonal influenza epidemics in temperate regions in rea
  
  
  
   113 stems that are able to predict irregular non-seasonal influenza epidemics, using either the ensemble 
  
  
  
  
  
   119 s strain (A/California/4/09 [CA09]), a human seasonal influenza H1N1 virus isolate (A/New Caledonia/2
   120  Asn 177, but not Asn 71 and Asn 104) from a seasonal influenza H1N1 virus, A/Solomon Islands/2006 (S
   121  prepared from an antigenically related 1992 seasonal influenza H3N2 (A/Beijing/32/1992) virus failed
  
   123 ledge, this is the first time predictions of seasonal influenza have been made in real time and with 
  
  
   126 ng oseltamivir with placebo for treatment of seasonal influenza in adults regarding symptom alleviati
   127 009 H1N1) leads to more serious disease than seasonal influenza in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT
  
  
   130 when there was essentially no circulation of seasonal influenza in the United States, and 2007/2008, 
   131 (H1N1)pdm09 were more likely than women with seasonal influenza infection to be hospitalized within 3
   132 of cross-reactive CD4 T cells generated from seasonal influenza infection were found to expand earlie
  
   134 ly with ADCC-Abs to H7N9 NP, suggesting that seasonal influenza infections and vaccinations may induc
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   143  showed that the antigenic evolution of H3N2 seasonal influenza is generally S-shaped while the genet
   144 unger (median age, 47 years) than those with seasonal influenza (median age, 68 years; P < .01), and 
   145 opical and temperate zones, but estimates of seasonal influenza mortality in developing countries in 
   146  diagnosis codes in adults hospitalized with seasonal influenza (n = 5270) or 2009 pandemic influenza
  
  
   149 perience of gradual or regional closures for seasonal influenza outbreaks demonstrates that logistic 
   150 ing, peak incidence, and total incidence for seasonal influenza outbreaks in 48 states and 95 cities 
   151 e thousands of deaths that occur from annual seasonal influenza outbreaks, despite the possibility of
   152 work for initializing real-time forecasts of seasonal influenza outbreaks, using a data assimilation 
  
  
  
   156  such as a pandemic strain versus a previous seasonal influenza, plays a crucial role in the monitori
   157 nts reported assessing need for and stocking seasonal influenza; pneumococcal; tetanus and diphtheria
  
  
  
   161 lts aged 65 years and older account for most seasonal influenza-related hospital admissions and death
  
  
   164 ults indicate prior infection with different seasonal influenza strains leads to radically different 
  
   166 LAIV) are safe for use in protection against seasonal influenza strains, concerns regarding their pot
   167 al-time risk assessments hinging on reliable seasonal influenza surveillance and precise estimates of
   168 ate data involving 269 ferrets infected with seasonal influenza, swine influenza, and highly pathogen
  
   170 zation could slow the antigenic evolution of seasonal influenza; these effects have profound implicat
   171 lutinin (HA)-specific CD4 T-cell memory with seasonal influenza to facilitate antibody production to 
   172 n this study, we quantified the potential of seasonal influenza to provide memory CD4 T cells that ca
   173 ariability appears to be more influential on seasonal influenza transmission in younger (0-14) age gr
  
  
  
   177      Similarly, the serological responses to seasonal influenza vaccination are also determined large
  
  
  
   181 t this hypothesis, we examined the effect of seasonal influenza vaccination on NK cell function and p
   182 3N2)v] highlights the need to assess whether seasonal influenza vaccination provides cross-protection
   183 ic H1N1 vaccination, as well as pre-pandemic seasonal influenza vaccination to elucidate the effect o
   184  ages frequently underperform in response to seasonal influenza vaccination, despite virologic contro
  
  
  
  
  
   190 tested this by examining the ability of live seasonal influenza vaccine (FluMist) to mediate protecti
   191 antibody response to a trivalent inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine (TIV) and a large number of i
  
   193 l investigation of 274 children who received seasonal influenza vaccine (trivalent inactivated vaccin
   194 y, and diabetic subjects vaccinated with the seasonal influenza vaccine across five consecutive seaso
   195 determine the effectiveness of the 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccine against laboratory-confirmed 
   196 hildren previously vaccinated with 2009-2010 seasonal influenza vaccine also showed greater expansion
   197 eiving one dose of the nonadjuvant 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccine and determined the immunologi
   198 e effectiveness (VE) estimates for 2015-2016 seasonal influenza vaccine are reported from Canada's Se
   199 nd adaptive response to vaccination with the seasonal influenza vaccine during early childhood, and i
  
  
   202 s were stratified by documented receipt of a seasonal influenza vaccine in each Medicare beneficiary.
  
   204 bserved during 2009/2010, when any effect of seasonal influenza vaccine observed during all time peri
   205 would be difficult to capture during routine seasonal influenza vaccine programmes, which have extens
  
   207 of the antibodies induced by the inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine toward the 2009 pandemic H1N1
  
  
  
   211    Influenza C is not included in the annual seasonal influenza vaccine, and has historically been re
   212 ple, we analyse CD4+ T-cell responses to the seasonal influenza vaccine, establishing a frequency hie
   213 and the limited cross-protective effect from seasonal influenza vaccine, the majority of children are
  
  
  
  
  
  
   220 ited range of protection provided by current seasonal influenza vaccines and towards a future with a 
  
   222 riable epitopes in the HA head; (ii) current seasonal influenza vaccines are efficient in inducing B-
  
   224  Our data indicate that vaccination with the seasonal influenza vaccines did not confer complete prot
   225 from adults ages 48-64 who received multiple seasonal influenza vaccines from 2004 to 2009 for cross-
  
  
  
  
   230 d States, including subjects vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccines or with confirmed seasonal v
   231  of the consistency of protection induced by seasonal influenza vaccines over the duration of a full 
   232 lar to that observed after administration of seasonal influenza vaccines over the past several years.
  
   234 vent profiles induced by these two groups of seasonal influenza vaccines were studied based on the da
   235 lts provide evidence that supplementation of seasonal influenza vaccines with M2 VLPs is a promising 
  
  
   238 slightly higher than that seen with previous seasonal influenza vaccines; however, additional results
   239 nogenic influenza A epitopes as putative non-seasonal influenza vaccines; one specifically targets th
   240  against cell culture-confirmed infection by seasonal influenza virus and significantly reduces the d
  
  
  
  
   245 nza A virus is less stable than other recent seasonal influenza virus HAs, but the molecular interact
  
   247 nogenicity to provide better protection from seasonal influenza virus infection and improve pandemic 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   256 or without CLDC, and challenged with a human seasonal influenza virus isolate, A/Memphis/7/2001(H1N1)
   257 gnosis of influenza during a period in which seasonal influenza virus or A(H1N1)pdm09 was the predomi
  
   259 tions about the makeup of the future A(H3N2) seasonal influenza virus population, and we compare pred
   260 ragine or threonine in over 99% of all human seasonal influenza virus pre-2009 H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 s
   261 ich prior infection with specific strains of seasonal influenza virus protect from lethal H5N1 challe
   262   Thus, in primate cells, MxA inhibits human seasonal influenza virus replication at a step prior to 
  
   264 satory effect of E214D is applicable in both seasonal influenza virus strain A/New Caledonia/20/1999 
   265 sed to determine when sequence variations in seasonal influenza virus strains have affected regions r
   266 cross-reactivity between strains in pigs and seasonal influenza virus strains in humans is also impor
   267 d issue is how infection or vaccination with seasonal influenza virus strains influences the ability 
  
  
  
  
   272 thesized that it is possible to make a human seasonal influenza virus that is specifically attenuated
   273 orating NA, including PIV5-NA, could improve seasonal influenza virus vaccine efficacy and provide pr
   274 ns of emergence and circulation of new human seasonal influenza virus variants is a key scientific an
  
  
  
  
  
   280 nza and emerging pandemic threats.IMPORTANCE Seasonal influenza viruses cause considerable morbidity 
  
  
  
  
   285  in the proteolytic activation and spread of seasonal influenza viruses in humans.IMPORTANCE Influenz
  
  
  
   289 owever, the specific proteases that activate seasonal influenza viruses, especially H3N2 viruses, in 
   290 way epithelial cells was on par with that of seasonal influenza viruses, mild-to-moderate disease was
  
   292  A(H3N2)v viruses transmit as efficiently as seasonal influenza viruses, raising concern over the pan
  
   294 role of H5N1 PA in altering the virulence of seasonal influenza viruses, we generated a recombinant s
  
  
  
  
  
   300 volution allows the continual circulation of seasonal influenza, while novel influenza viruses invade
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