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1 onstraint on host condition and an important selective force.
2 ammals and may be due to both mutational and selective forces.
3 ocess driven by definable microenvironmental selective forces.
4 ing these processes are subject to divergent selective forces.
5 n similar ways by virtue of similarly acting selective forces.
6 es population that can evolve in response to selective forces.
7 s rise to speculation concerning the role of selective forces.
8 e maintained in a population by a balance of selective forces.
9 with environmental factors often invoked as selective forces.
10 although purifying selection is the dominant selective force acting on the mitochondrial genome in Ta
11 ation is the viral pol gene and the dominant selective force acting on this feline immunodeficiency v
12 opulations, therefore, are shaped largely by selective forces acting at the genomic level between ele
14 In addition, we found signatures of ancient selective forces acting on different African TAS2R38 hap
15 the determinants of trait variation and the selective forces acting on it in natural populations wou
19 e X and Y chromosomes are thought to reflect selective forces acting on original pairs of identical c
20 ing ploidy cycles to balance the conflicting selective forces acting on rapidly growing phagotrophic
22 provide evidence for a relaxation of recent selective forces acting on this gene and a revised hypot
24 quenced bacterial genomes confirmed that the selective forces acting on translation vary with the eco
26 ts surviving malaria is the most significant selective force affecting the expression of blood groups
28 es of parental origin effects under a single selective force and identifies a single substrate throug
29 ess illustrates the dynamics of antagonistic selective forces and allows the systematic derivation of
31 Because this empirical framework identifies selective forces and genetic architectures responsible f
32 on does not easily translate into a positive selective force, and the nature of that selective force,
33 ional and sometimes maybe even contradictory selective forces appear to affect codon usage as well.
36 We presume that random events rather than selective forces are responsible for the observed high s
37 ng their evolution to similar mutational and selective forces as IncPalpha plasmids and may have evol
38 tuitive expectation that the relatively weak selective force associated with metabolic efficiency wou
39 tentially informative about the magnitude of selective forces associated with amino acid replacements
40 t mitosis or female meiosis, are the primary selective force behind centromere-drive suppression.
43 t components of a mating signal suggest that selective forces can act in concert on multiple aspects
44 at the dynamics of entropic forces balancing selective forces can be used to predict how long it will
46 to their local conditions, but the specific selective forces creating this adaptation are often uncl
47 that in the post-reproductive stage of life, selective forces decline allowing many vital systems to
49 ructs; the outcomes are subject to competing selective forces deriving from the fitness properties of
51 robial interactions have been suggested as a selective force, direct binding of lethal pathogens to A
54 cate phosphorus availability as the dominant selective force driving divergence between these populat
55 olution in plants provides insights into the selective forces driving adaptation and the genetic basi
56 ply that mate and/or gamete choice are major selective forces driving genetic change in sexual popula
57 rk of HIV-1 infection, and understanding the selective forces driving the emergence of viral variants
58 ragnathidae) and aiming at understanding the selective forces driving the female in the choice of the
59 mphasize the importance of understanding the selective forces driving viral adaptation to a new host.
61 genome content may not be fixed, as changing selective forces favor particular phenotypes; however, o
62 te that human APOBEC3H is not as strong of a selective force for current HIV-1 infections as human AP
63 rldwide, making AIDS, like malaria, a strong selective force for disease-associated genetic factors.
64 rationale is its role in senescence, but the selective force for inactivation of p18(INK4c) in incipi
65 response adaptations represent an important selective force for influencing diversity within marine
68 fector targets may have provided the driving selective force for the evolution of guard proteins.
69 ed that external immunity acts as a powerful selective force for virulence evolution, with an increas
70 ariation, we suggest that both mutagenic and selective forces generate these correlations, the latter
71 eriments with their phylogeny to reconstruct selective forces generating serpentine soil endemism, wh
72 n a comparative manner and show that similar selective forces have shaped the unique evolution of sex
73 nd report experimental evidence for powerful selective forces impelling the evolution of both eusocia
75 n ancient retroviral pandemic as a prominent selective force in chimpanzee evolution, adaptation of c
78 his disease being the strongest evolutionary selective force in recent human history, and genes that
79 social behavior has been a strikingly potent selective force in shaping brains to control action.
80 ngth (and possibly the universality) of this selective force in shaping S. cerevisiae's proteome.
83 biotic feeding in food animals has been as a selective force in the evolution of their intestinal bac
85 that dedifferentiation acts like a positive selective force in the stem cell population and thus spe
86 al closely related congeners and is likely a selective force in the sub-social route to permanent soc
87 r discussion of the roles of mechanistic and selective forces in determining the distribution of gene
88 speaks to the persistence and potency of the selective forces in marine environments that challenge f
89 the Olfr gene family has encountered unusual selective forces in neural cells that have driven them t
94 tive selective force, and the nature of that selective force, in the past and/or currently, remains s
95 ional response to a broad range of potential selective forces, including colony growth, competition,
96 thaliana may have been maintained by complex selective forces, including those from the fitness benef
97 te a pervasive mutational bias toward A+T, a selective force, independent of adaptive codon use, is d
98 ts ecological niche differentiation, but the selective forces influencing this are not well defined.
99 estimates in Drosophila of the intensity of selective forces involved seem too large to be reconcile
100 that both effects are in response to similar selective forces involving the innate immune system.
104 by S. mutans, termed mutacins, may provide a selective force necessary for initial or sustained colon
105 es are common strategies for coping with the selective force of predation in heterogeneous environmen
106 ckroaches seem to be shaped primarily by the selective forces of microhabitat and functional niche, t
107 study, we test whether fire imposes a broad selective force on a key fire-tolerance trait, bark thic
111 enous extracellular matrix) exert a dramatic selective force on the tumor, which grows as an invasive
113 ry to quantify the interplay of entropic and selective forces on nucleotide organization and apply it
115 re this phylogenetic distinction indicates a selective force operating between the two habitats.
117 s the feasibility and utility of gauging the selective forces operating on bacterial IGRs from whole-
119 tion expansion and divergence indicates that selective forces or specific chromosomal mechanisms resu
121 material was also observed, suggesting that selective forces play a role in syntax development as we
123 attempt to explain the nature of the unknown selective force responsible for the robust positive sele
126 s costs of resistance in the human host, and selective forces resulting from interventions such as an
128 id ecological change, one of the most potent selective forces, sexual selection, remains curiously un
130 surrounding geochemical regimes is a strong selective force shaping microbial communities throughout
132 ed the prevalence, genomic determinants, and selective forces shaping cis-regulatory variation in the
133 marked migratory change, but quantifying the selective forces shaping evolutionary changes remains ch
138 tation rates allow HIV-1 to adapt rapidly to selective forces such as antiretroviral therapy and immu
139 ability to degrade propanediol provides the selective force that maintains B12 synthesis in this gro
140 e same pathways and proteins, as well as the selective forces that are acting on these mutations and
142 ting biotic pressures generate heterogeneous selective forces that can maintain standing natural vari
144 Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the selective forces that determine the emergence and stabil
147 mation is desirable to better understand the selective forces that drive the evolution of QS phenotyp
148 during the acute phase of infection, but the selective forces that drive this process remain poorly d
149 ence mating behaviour, and in particular the selective forces that explain the evolution of female pr
151 ing conflict may thus be responsible for the selective forces that generate parent-offspring coadapta
152 ate goal of testing hypotheses regarding the selective forces that have led to changes in such an ess
153 ouse and human genomes has shed light on the selective forces that have predominated in their recent
154 the genetic and environmental conditions and selective forces that have shaped evolution of this comp
155 xists, then it is tempting to argue that the selective forces that have shaped the evolution of forag
156 recent global spread, and to understand the selective forces that have shaped the unique aspects of
157 dditive HGT, the proposed mechanisms of HGT, selective forces that influence HGT, and the evolutionar
158 ate of Y chromosome evolution and assess the selective forces that may act upon such genes, and provi
159 and presumably other host genes, affects the selective forces that operate on virus populations in vi
160 from Oryza sativa to investigate the type of selective forces that potentially limit their amplificat
161 ishing neutral nonequilibrium processes from selective forces that produce similar patterns of variat
163 eceptor switch is not well explained by host selective forces that should be relatively constant betw
164 all- and large-scale mutations, but also the selective forces that they encounter once they arise.
165 bably been subjected to similar evolutionary selective forces, their B-cell responses would be analog
166 e Batesian mimic, demonstrating the powerful selective force these predators exert on mimetic resembl
167 bility that flagellin receptors provided the selective force to drive the evolution of these unique s
168 ontribution of developmental constraints and selective forces to the determination of evolutionary pa
170 that reproductively isolate species, and the selective forces underlying their divergence, is a centr
171 retical work has clarified the processes and selective forces underlying this effect and has demonstr
173 altering their dinucleotide motif use under selective forces, with these forces on CpG dinucleotides
174 adaptations to this stress could represent a selective force within, and between, 'species', also kno
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