ライフサイエンスコーパス: selfing

1 trees shown by the paternity analysis (0-80% selfing).

2 cificity haplotypes that effectively prevent selfing.

3 f sibbing, less with sibbing, and least with selfing.

4 ot have been a key step in the transition to selfing.

5 tilization must be overcome or lost to allow selfing.

6 ed abortion, nearly equal to that found upon selfing.

7 ons of backcrossing and seven generations of selfing.

8 om mating and the derivation of 500 lines by selfing.

9 y extensive LD because of its high degree of selfing.

10 ost species have genetic barriers to prevent selfing.

11 atible allele combinations through continual selfing.

12 whose evolution is sometimes correlated with selfing.

13 andom mating relative to that under complete selfing.

14 asing apomixis or outcrossing and decreasing selfing.

15 pollen and seed migration rates, and partial selfing.

16 gradually to that maintained under complete selfing.

17 e populations have undergone a transition to selfing.

18 ts and invertebrate animals with predominant selfing.

19 modifiers on cross-compatibility and partial selfing.

20 wo different life cycles: under gametophytic selfing, a given proportion of fertilizations involves g

21 haploid individual, while under sporophytic selfing, a proportion of fertilizations involves gametes

22 Path analysis suggests that a high selfing ability directly increases the number of regions

23 owering plants at the global scale that high selfing ability fosters alien plant naturalization both

24 Selfing ability is associated with annual or biennial li

25 Plants with selfing ability should be more likely to establish outsi

26 path analyses to test relationships between selfing ability, life history, native range size and glo

27 ulation genetic structure imposed by partial selfing affected the opportunity for different forms of

28 Moreover, gametophytic selfing affects the relative influence of different comp

29 reproductive assurance strategy that allows selfing after opportunities for out-crossing have been e

30 stribution of breeding values in lineages of selfing age tau.

31 Selfing also varied dramatically among fruits within dis

32 lization is common in plants; 20% are highly selfing and 33% are intermediate between selfing and out

33 Such differences suggest that selfing and asexual lineages may be evolutionarily short

34 Selfing and asexual reproduction also may allow reproduc

35 xtended to include phenomena such as partial selfing and background selection through the use of an a

36 rsistence in Geranium maculatum, we measured selfing and biparental inbreeding rates in four populati

37 Results from selfing and crossing it with the wild type revealed that

38 Transition matrices for selfing and full-sib mating were derived to investigate

39 The method, initially developed for selfing and full-sib mating, is extended here to include

40 explanation for the coexistence of moderate selfing and high inbreeding depression in this strongly

41 an selfed progeny; (iii) differing values of selfing and inbreeding depression using population means

42 other and those that lie between, including selfing and inbreeding.

43 Selfing and life-table experiments were performed for tw

44 Under pure selfing and Mendelian segregation, heterozygotes must ha

45 In this report, we show that both selfing and outcrossing occur in 10 additional populatio

46 an estimate the parameters of DGM in natural selfing and outcrossing populations.

47 (a breeding system characterized by partial selfing and outcrossing) and dioecy (characterized by ob

48 The three sexes are produced by both selfing and outcrossing, and females tend to appear earl

49 hly selfing and 33% are intermediate between selfing and outcrossing.

50 urging of deleterious recessive alleles with selfing and overdominant selection with outcrossing can

51 performance of self and outcross progeny in selfing and predominantly outcrossing populations of the

52 occurrence and as a mechanism that inhibits selfing and promotes outbreeding in many plant species.

53 es slightly inexact for some combinations of selfing and recombination parameters.

54 emography and monoecious populations with no selfing and requires that offspring genotypes are sample

55 nts of SGS identified biparental inbreeding, selfing and restricted seed dispersal as main determinan

56 Selfing and spermatogenesis are extremely rare in XX F(1

57 Partial selfing and subdivision do not greatly slow this converg

58 either completely outcrossing or completely selfing and that populations are at mutation-selection (

59 idance of inbreeding depression generated by selfing and the ability of outcrossing populations to ad

60 We suggest that reproductive modes, such as selfing and vegetative reproduction, conserve adaptive m

61 Evidence for S gene modifiers that increase selfing and/or cross-compatibility was also found.

62 e S. squalidus individuals also show partial selfing and/or greater levels of cross-compatibility tha

63 re than two mating types or sexes, unisexual selfing, and even examples in which organisms switch mat

64 e due to the combined effects of demography, selfing, and genome redundancy from WGD.

65 rocess can be adapted to models that include selfing, and then use this result to find moment estimat

66 Thus, the adaptive significance of selfing apparently varies across hermaphroditic taxa.

67 tural selection, coupled with high levels of selfing, are likely to explain the observed reductions i

68 riance less than or equal to that under pure selfing; as r increases above [Formula: see text] the ou

69 Moderate levels of inferred selfing (B. heracleifolia s=0.40, B. nelumbiifolia s=0.6

70 igns consisting of any arbitrary sequence of selfing, backcrossing, intercrossing and haploid-doublin

71 genomic material did show elevated rates of selfing, but selfed progeny were mostly inviable.

72 term in this solution is the probability of selfing by clone-mates within the vector (based on the c

73 Selfing can be particularly important for weeds and othe

74 rmoratus and K. ocellatus, implying that the selfing capacity has persisted in these fishes for at le

75 nkage analysis of pollen compatibility after selfing confirmed that this distortion was due to a locu

76 classical view of Stebbins that predominant selfing constitutes an "evolutionary dead end."

77 with emphasis on C. briggsae, which evolved selfing convergently.

78 ction with varying levels of outcrossing and selfing, degrees of dominance and selection coefficients

79 ing depression and marker-based estimates of selfing, demonstrating that when the pollination environ

80 mets accounted for 45.4% of the variation in selfing, differences among genets accounted for 16.1% of

81 r a sample of DNA sequences from a partially selfing diploid population and an algorithm for simulati

82 ix unlinked genomic regions in the partially selfing domesticated grass, Sorghum bicolor.

83 reliable, floral traits promoting autonomous selfing evolve as a mechanism of reproductive assurance.

84 enotypic values of F(3) progeny derived from selfing F(2) plants in place of the F(2) phenotype itsel

85 ibute promoting genome recombination in this selfing fish, while, in addition to a mixed mating strat

86 were germinal; however, in all but one case, selfing five individual Mutator-tagged lines failed to r

87 ic simulations were run for populations with selfing, full-sib mating, and random mating, using empir

88 This effect is due to the fact that selfing generates a correlation in homozygosity at linke

89 rations or among different siblings within a selfing generation, suggesting that the silencing of pro

90 s of the progenitors' genes among successive selfing generations and independent lineages.

91 ly outcrossing Geum rivale and predominantly selfing Geum urbanum.

92 ice, Oryza rufipogon, an important partially selfing grass species.

93 The degree of selfing has a large impact on the genetic composition of

94 Sporophytic selfing has much stronger effects: even a small selfing

95 Evolutionary shifts from outcrossing to selfing have been frequent in plants, but little is know

96 Shifts from outcrossing to selfing have occurred thousands of times across the tree

97 ns is an androdioecious nematode composed of selfing hermaphrodites and rare males.

98 son model conditioned on the distribution of selfing histories in the population.

99 The infinitesimal model for partial selfing (IMS) involves an infinite number of loci in a l

100 locus in the evolution of and transition to selfing in A. thaliana.

101 s implications on the capacity of autonomous selfing in both allopatric and sympatric populations of

102 rchitecture of floral traits associated with selfing in M. parishii was primarily polygenic, as in ot

103 e disparity between observations of frequent selfing in nature and rare selfing in the laboratory sug

104 tudies have found moderate to high levels of selfing in plants despite high inbreeding depression.

105 es instead of traditionally believed haploid selfing in S. sclerotiorum.

106 We enforced selfing in self-incompatible plants with known S-locus g

107 uction of petal size after the transition to selfing in the genus Capsella Variation within this intr

108 tions of frequent selfing in nature and rare selfing in the laboratory suggests that the mating syste

109 e disequilibrium, suggesting that widespread selfing in this species results in a reduction of the ef

110 We find that gametophytic selfing increases the range of epistasis under which inc

111 lation genetic factors, such as the level of selfing, intensity of selection against heterozygotes or

112 ral selection during the five generations of selfing involved in line formation essentially eliminate

113 The degree of selfing is closely related to the extent to which the nu

114 sistence and raise the threshold below which selfing is favoured by evolution.

115 Importantly, the estimate of long-term selfing is largely independent of population size and is

116 shift in mating system from out-breeding to selfing is one of the most frequent evolutionary transit

117 t claims: the transition from outcrossing to selfing is unidirectional; and the diversification rate,

118 t mating systems, one of which, gametophytic selfing, is an extreme form of inbreeding only possible

119 e need for such an extension by showing that selfing leads to spurious signals of population substruc

120 ating-related traits, and may ultimately put selfing lineages at a higher risk of extinction.

121 f the mechanisms that limit the longevity of selfing lineages has been difficult.

122 Newly formed selfing lineages may express recessive genetic load and

123 lution of XX spermatogenesis, with different selfing lineages possessing both reproducible and idiosy

124 cts of hybridization between outcrossing and selfing lineages will be F1s and first-generation backcr

125 may include brief and variable durations of selfing lineages, as well as ongoing difficulties in rel

126 markedly from the ancestral pattern in both selfing lineages, though in distinct ways.

127 For selfing lines under selection type I, inbreeding is alwa

128 s, hybrid generations, full-sib families and selfing lines) have recently received much attention in

129 keyflowers, outcrossing Mimulus guttatus and selfing M. nasutus.

130 ance linked to the mating type, and a highly selfing mating system in Microbotryum.

131 ygote SSR genotypes, which in turn reflect a selfing mating system.

132 tages, our results suggest that gametophytic selfing may have greater significance for fern evolution

133 is limited in outcrossing populations, since selfing may not always be feasible.

134 sis and outbreeding depression in the highly selfing model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, by crossing re

135 tern of linkage disequilibrium suggests that selfing most likely evolved roughly a million years ago

136 floral morphology and capacity of autonomous selfing, most likely as a way to reduce the probability

137 ence genome, large germplasm collection, and selfing nature make it an excellent subject for studies

138 Its highly selfing nature, small size, short generation time, small

139 In absence of selfing, nuclear gynodioecy results in a reduction of N(

140 When selfing occurs, gynodioecy either increases or decreases

141 Selfing of a heterozygous mutant produced normal-sized a

142 some virulent F1 progeny were recovered from selfing of an avirulent parent, suggesting a reservoir o

143 wo parents, from random-cross of IF2 or from selfing of IF2 population.

144 Repeated selfing of pgd2 transfer (T-)DNA alleles yielded no homo

145 L.) is not always fully effective: obligate selfing of plants sieves self-compatible pollen mutants,

146 Isolates generated by selfing of the 3D7A clone also exhibited altered furosem

147 2.9% selfing on two-flower displays to 37.3% selfing on 16-flower displays reflects changes in the ex

148 We estimate that approximately half of all selfing on 16-flower displays resulted from geitonogamy.

149 The increase from 22.9% selfing on two-flower displays to 37.3% selfing on 16-fl

150 ill be displaced from populations in which a selfing or asexual variant arises.

151 t functional gene transfer is more common in selfing or clonal plants than in outcrossing plants, a p

152 wever, in many plant and animal populations, selfing or outcrossing is often incomplete in that a pro

153 es a basis for characterizing DGM in partial selfing or outcrossing populations and for nonequilibriu

154 ination (i.e. values equivalent to autogamy, selfing or outcrossing) suggest that pollination levels

155 ch method under different degrees of partial selfing or partial outcrossing and for nonequilibrium po

156 an arbitrary number of prior generations of selfing or sib-mating.

157 ae alleles did not increase the incidence of selfing or spermatogenesis relative to the F(1) generati

158 Higher selfing or stronger selection against heterozygotes in t

159 n migration alone, complete random mating or selfing, or migrant pollen and seeds lacking disequilibr

160 uding those that are domesticated, partially selfing, or with asexual life cycles show strong deviati

161 Self-fertilizing ('selfing') organisms do not incur the cost of males and t

162 he mean and genetic variance of fitness upon selfing/outcrossing in outcrossing/highly selfing popula

163 s of parental and progeny generations across selfing/outcrossing in outcrossing/selfing populations a

164 surveys in mitochondrial genomes and in the selfing plant Arabidopsis show that weak negative select

165 sposon family, in natural populations of the selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its close outcros

166 en locally adapted populations of the highly selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana from Sweden and Italy

167 The selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana has been proposed to

168 In the selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana, pseudogenes at the S

169 to the genetic architecture observed in the selfing plant species rice and Arabidopsis.

170 nbreeding depression observed in this highly selfing plant species.

171 and can therefore tolerate higher levels of selfing; polyploid ferns indeed have higher levels of se

172 ns across selfing/outcrossing in outcrossing/selfing populations and the covariance between mean fitn

173 ication of random mating models to partially selfing populations can produce very inaccurate predicti

174 n with the pathogen rapidly drove obligately selfing populations to extinction, whereas outcrossing p

175 In highly selfing populations, U and h are upwardly biased, U is n

176 et genotype and allele frequency dynamics in selfing populations, with or without apomixis.

177 rossing populations is better than in highly selfing populations.

178 ural selection against element insertions in selfing populations.

179 in outcrossing populations and if S > 0.8 in selfing populations.

180 on selfing/outcrossing in outcrossing/highly selfing populations.

181 raits varied across species and suggest that selfing potential, antheridiogen responsiveness, sperm d

182 Selfing predominates in the wild, but rare outcrossing m

183 ombined with an absence of productive hybrid selfing, prevents formulation of simple hypotheses about

184 ies studied show a capacity for gametophytic selfing, producing sporophytes from both isolated and pa

185 HD1 or related homologs and are heritable in selfing progeny.

186 movements was significantly correlated with selfing (r = 0.993).

187 e microsatellite analyses to document a high selfing rate (97%) in a related nominal species, Kryptol

188 he Deng-Lynch method is fairly robust if the selfing rate (S) is <0.10 in outcrossing populations and

189 explained as the consequence of variation in selfing rate among the Euphrasia populations, with selfi

190 ct that this comparison is over less extreme selfing rate differences, it is estimated that the diffe

191 fing has much stronger effects: even a small selfing rate greatly increases the parameter range under

192 g rate among the Euphrasia populations, with selfing rate increasing as flower size decreases.

193 aphic range of wild barley, a species with a selfing rate of approximately 98%.

194 as compared to hermaphroditism with the same selfing rate of hermaphrodites.

195 males, the sex determination system, and the selfing rate of hermaphrodites.

196 ge fixation coefficient and population level selfing rate of zero.

197 e important parameters theta = 4N mu and the selfing rate s, where N and mu are, respectively, the ef

198 egative association between genetic load and selfing rate suggests that purgable partially recessive

199 A method of estimating the selfing rate using DNA sequence data was recently propos

200 rs as well as the likelihood surface for the selfing rate, s, and the scaled mutation rate, theta.

201 purged equilibrium, exists for any positive selfing rate, with genetic variance less than or equal t

202 of Mimulus guttatus that has an intermediate selfing rate.

203 Unexpectedly, N(ec) also varies with the selfing rate.

204 nger the local selection, and the higher the selfing rate.

205 with expectations for a species with a high selfing rate.

206 equilibrium genetic variance exists at each selfing rate; as r increases above [Formula: see text] t

207 self among trees, which was reflected in the selfing rates among pasture trees shown by the paternity

208 mating pattern shifts can manifest as higher selfing rates and lower pollen diversity in old growth f

209 for simultaneous inference of inbreeding or selfing rates and population-of-origin classification us

210 magnitude of which depends on hermaphroditic selfing rates and the strength of inbreeding depression.

211 Prefertilization mechanisms influencing selfing rates are thought to be absent in conifers.

212 eographic location of sampling, and estimate selfing rates for both groups that are consistent with e

213 To test for increased selfing rates in a polyploid, the mating systems of the

214 model of male maintenance demonstrates that selfing rates in hermaphrodites cannot be too high or el

215 sufficient to prevent evolution of increased selfing rates in this species, according to some theoret

216 lations necessitates reproductive assurance, selfing rates increase.

217 Maternal family data gave selfing rates intermediate between obligate outcrossers

218 Selfing rates of hermaphrodites were low and did not dif

219 link reproductive assurance to intermediate selfing rates through mixed mating.

220 The implications for evolution of selfing rates, and for adaptive evolution and persistenc

221 , with strong inbreeding depression and high selfing rates, evolution can occur opposite the directio

222 y equal to that under random mating, for all selfing rates, r, up to critical value, [Formula: see te

223 pe frequencies on the basis of inbreeding or selfing rates.

224 er, this effect is substantial only for high selfing rates.

225 s, facilitating the evolution of even higher selfing rates.

226 ative accuracy of each theory for a range of selfing rates.

227 minance in the populations that evolved high selfing rates.

228 n colonizing situations, rather than of high selfing rates.

229 lect local pollinator-mediated selection for selfing rather than the constant 3:2 genetic advantage i

230 ion in specific genomic sequences during the selfing regime was noted in the ddm1 mutants.

231 We hypothesise that selfing-related reduction of recombination across the M.

232 By reducing the size of the gene pool, selfing should limit adaptive potential.

233 n against genome-wide introgression from the selfing sister species M. nasutus has acted to maintain

234 species compared to the 27,025 genes in the selfing species Arabidopsis thaliana.

235 Adult transcriptome assemblies from the selfing species are consistently and strikingly smaller

236 r the mitochondrial genome, diversity in the selfing species averaged 42% of diversity in C. remanei.

237 For two nuclear genes, diversity in the selfing species averaged 6 and 13% of diversity in C. re

238 distributed incompatibility in the primarily selfing species Caenorhabditis elegans that has been mai

239 uence polymorphism reflect breeding systems: selfing species show much less within-species polymorphi

240 uld extend across multiple linked genes in a selfing species such as Arabidopsis thaliana due to its

241 te polymorphisms at the causal region in the selfing species suggests that the small-petal allele was

242 and global gene expression by comparing two selfing species, C. elegans and C. briggsae, with three

243 e evolution and persistence of predominantly selfing species, provide a theoretical basis for the cla

244 In contrast, in predominantly selfing species, the rarity of double heterozygotes lead

245 nicotine concentrations in outcrossing than selfing species, with a 15-fold decrease in leaf nicotin

246 nt of natural heterozygosity, which typifies selfing species.

247 ion was lower in L. bicolor, the more highly selfing species.

248 ciation and extinction rate, is negative for selfing species.

249 likely to be missing from the genomes of the selfing species.

250 ically requiring at least six generations of selfing starting from a heterozygous F(1).

251 m inbred lines Mo17 and B73 and developed by selfing suggested two putative QTL (LOD > 2.4) affecting

252 often considered as evolutionary dead ends, selfing taxa may make an important contribution to plant

253 ics of hybridization between outcrossing and selfing taxa.

254 polyploid ferns indeed have higher levels of selfing than do their diploid parents, but polyploid ang

255 berg erecta (Ler) wild-type (WT) followed by selfing, the mutant phenotype was identified in the GA4

256 Despite apparent similarities to diploid selfing, the theoretical prediction is that heterozygosi

257 r predominantly outcrossing or predominantly selfing, there are some notable exceptions.

258 to have a true mixed-mating system in which selfing through CL and CH flowers contributes to populat

259 0 generations) for a shift towards increased selfing to have occurred.

260 rogression is likely to be asymmetrical from selfing to outcrossing lineages.

261 We lack direct tests of reversals from selfing to outcrossing, and require data concerning the

262 odification of the mating system from strict selfing to strict outcrossing using the ms1b nuclear mal

263 and the relative contribution of autonomous selfing to total seed set varies geographically and is o

264 from Drosophila melanogaster and two highly selfing tomato species.

265 ion of flower size after the out-breeding-to-selfing transition based on additive effects of segregat

266 For selfing under selection type II or full-sib mating under

267 pe combination, expected to be compatible on selfing, was sometimes incompatible.

268 y floral display on pollinator movements and selfing, we experimentally manipulated flower number in

269 positive selection, and others, such as the selfing weed Arabidopsis thaliana, showing an excess of

270 that our model reproduces earlier results on selfing, when the female choice strategy produces assort

271 We also discuss the consequences of selfing, which leads to a rapid loss of variation and re

272 ovide indirect support for an association of selfing with negative diversification rates.

273 The estimation may be unbiased under partial selfing with variable and epistatic mutation effects in

274 nce was inherited through two generations of selfing, with average spontaneous mutation frequencies o

275 ion) and subsequently alter the evolution of selfing within plant populations.

276 s, years and maternal families; (ii) partial selfing yet higher relative fitness in outcrossed than s

277 In pollinations matched by maternal family, selfing yielded significantly fewer seeds than outcrossi