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2 llustrate the almost identical expression of sex-determining alleles in terms of sexual phenotypes ac
3 ions with N3 less than 100 should have fewer sex-determining alleles than we found, but high diversit
8 ermination system (UV system) recovering the sex determining and pseudoautosomal regions, and then to
11 esents one or both maternal species, (2) the sex-determining chromosome of the hybrid reflects the lo
13 tution rates are biased in favor of dominant sex determining chromosomes, which fix with higher proba
16 neage in an embryonic gonad communicates the sex-determining decision to various sexually dimorphic c
17 lls may facilitate the communication of male sex-determining decisions to the germ cells during embry
18 erimental NMR data for a complex of the male sex determining factor SRY with a duplex DNA 14mer, whic
19 s between SRY, the Y chromosome encoded male sex determining factor, and the androgen receptor (AR).
23 al and functional similarities with the male sex-determining factor SRY, is highly enriched at the sw
24 ease susceptibility genes as targets for the sex-determining factor SRY, suggesting that this Y-encod
25 is expected to maintain genetic diversity of sex determining factors associated with gynodioecy, that
26 an autosome, and the maintenance of multiple sex-determining factors in species that lack heteromorph
28 gly associated with pleiotropically dominant sex-determining factors, which may help to explain biase
30 ndreds of millions of years ago, acquiring a sex-determining function and undergoing a series of inve
32 embryo in response to the expression of the sex determining gene, Sry, in Sertoli cell precursors.
33 n morphological event downstream of the male sex determining gene, Sry, is the induction of prolifera
34 ome, which initiates from the putative avian sex-determining gene DMRT1 and ends at the pseudoautosom
36 st intron of Fem1c, a gene homologous to the sex-determining gene fem-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans.
37 abditis elegans hermaphrodite germ line, the sex-determining gene fem-3 is repressed posttranscriptio
38 is has also happened in honeybees, where the sex-determining gene has now been shown to be a duplicat
39 tagonistic loci that are tightly linked to a sex-determining gene have a vastly stronger influence on
40 uences of alleles of the honey bee's primary sex-determining gene have extremely high diversity, with
42 C-2 associates with the promoter of the male sex-determining gene her-1 to repress its transcription.
43 ing a transgene activation system, the human sex-determining gene hSRY is activated in the single-cel
44 ether the expression of SOX9, a central male sex-determining gene in mammals, or three other conserve
45 strate that Dmrt1 is a candidate master male sex-determining gene in this TSD species, consistent wit
46 indifferent until the transient action of a sex-determining gene initiates gonadal differentiation.
51 he initial expression of the female-specific sex-determining gene Sex-lethal in the blastoderm embryo
53 ning loci, the transposition of an ancestral sex-determining gene to an autosome, and the maintenance
54 se results significantly narrow the putative sex-determining gene to the very terminal region of the
58 inized by a loss-of-function mutation in the sex-determining gene tra-3 results in masculinization of
59 oogenesis relies on regulation of the fem-3 sex-determining gene via a regulatory element in the fem
62 ene may be the ancestral precursor of Sry, a sex-determining gene, and Sox3 has been proposed to play
63 tis and are thought to express Sry, the male sex-determining gene, and to play a crucial role in dire
65 mbination, which surrounds the male-specific sex-determining gene, remains very small, despite ancien
66 stis development just downstream of the male sex-determining gene, Sry: (1) for the proliferation of
71 on from hermaphroditism to monoecy, multiple sex determining genes are involved, including male-steri
72 tterns of expression of maternal and zygotic sex determining genes expected to result from conflict o
73 n for the observed preponderance of dominant sex determining genes, and hint that drift-induced selec
74 ution of new regulatory interactions between sex-determining genes and genes that control spatial pat
77 orphic sex chromosomes and rapid turnover of sex-determining genes can complicate establishing the se
80 sperm families, the actual identification of sex-determining genes has been elusive, and their regula
82 ggests the possible continued involvement of sex-determining genes in maintaining ovarian function th
83 ermine whether interactions between multiple sex-determining genes might be partly responsible for th
85 animal lineages are inevitably controlled by sex-determining genes, but the genetic basis of sexually
86 discovery of many of the now-known mammalian sex-determining genes, including SRY, RSPO1, SOX9, NR5A1
93 hallmark NPC proteins (nestin, doublecortin, sex-determining homeobox 2, and glial fibrillary acidic
95 between maternally and zygotically expressed sex determining loci and that these may play a role in s
97 tive genetic mapping, this has revealed that sex-determining loci and sex-linked regions evolved inde
100 mechanism can account for the origin of new sex-determining loci, the transposition of an ancestral
103 ping were performed to localize an amphibian sex-determining locus (ambysex) in the tiger salamander
104 is predicted from the loss of alleles at the sex-determining locus and consequent skewing of operatio
105 duals that are diploid and heterozygous at a sex-determining locus are female, and individuals that a
106 molecular markers most tightly linked to the sex-determining locus in the two octoploid species shows
107 age maps for a diversity of species, and the sex-determining locus is often among the first to be map
108 on of suppressed recombination surrounds the sex-determining locus of the self-fertile fungus Neurosp
111 mbination suppressed domain expands from the sex-determining locus to the entire Y chromosome remains
112 recessive allele (female-determining) of the sex-determining locus, and a separate insertion is homoz
113 ern hybridization data suggest that the male sex-determining locus, Sry, is often duplicated in roden
117 y relationship in 94 amniote species between sex-determining mechanism and whether a species bears li
120 g in viviparous eutherian mammals requires a sex-determining mechanism resistant to maternal hormones
121 important for the study of the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms and for evaluating the effect
123 ecular analyses have hitherto indicated that sex-determining mechanisms differ completely between phy
125 ns and are implicated in transitions between sex-determining mechanisms during vertebrate evolution [
135 , which recognizes multiple parallel primary sex-determining pathways initiated by genes or factors e
140 nas fertilization, including expression of a sex-determining protein, phosphorylation of a homeodomai
142 evelopmentally important family of SOX (SRY (sex determining region on the Y chromosome)-related high
144 assessed using real-time PCR assays for the sex determining region Y (SRY) and testes specific prote
146 was mapped to a locus on chromosome 3, where Sex determining region Y box 2 (Sox2) was identified as
147 l as for endoderm transcription factors SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 17 and pancreatic and duod
148 tion transplantation assays to identify SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2) as cancer stem-ce
149 ain insight into mechanisms controlling SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2) protein activity
151 in (Alb), Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pc), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (Sox9), hepatic nuclear
152 eage-labeled; positive for osteopontin, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9, and epithelial cell adh
156 tified enhancers regulated by the Sox10 (SRY sex determining region Y-box 10) and Egr2/Krox20 (Early
159 ticle, we show that the transcription factor sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2) is expressed in ac
160 wild-type bone marrow progenitors with a SRY sex determining region Y-box 4 (Sox4)-expressing retrovi
161 t selection in multiple lines, such as SOX6 (Sex Determining Region Y-Box 6) and cTR (Thyroid hormone
162 down-regulation of both HNF-1beta and Sox9 (sex determining region Y-related HMG box transcription f
163 result from the incompatibility of the Sry (sex determining region, Y chromosome) allele carried on
165 x chromosomes is typically suppressed at the sex-determining region (SDR) and proportionally elevated
166 ing linkage mapping, polyploid phylogeny and sex-determining region (SDR) in a unified framework, we
167 ing-over events close to the boundary of the sex-determining region (SDR), and to trace the inheritan
168 growth hormone pseudogene known to be in the sex-determining region (SEX) in 374 progeny from eight e
170 ser linkage has recently evolved between the sex-determining region and several genes that are partia
171 n haploid selected loci become linked to the sex-determining region because the zygotic sex ratio is
173 e Wolbachia insert is now acting as a female sex-determining region in pillbugs, and that the chromos
175 assay was developed for the detection of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) in peri
176 -determining process is set in motion by the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (Sry), which
177 on of many sex-related genes, including Sry (sex-determining region of the Y chromosome) and Sox9 (Sr
178 tectural transcription factor encoded by the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome, initiates te
180 enes, without affecting synergistic SF-1 and sex-determining region Y (SRY) coactivation of the testi
181 ted by a transcription factor encoded by the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene located on the Y chr
184 function, resulted in an ~2-fold increase in sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (Sox9) mRNA, and pr
186 nt maps approximately 932 kb upstream of the sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility gro
187 a novel function for the pluripotency factor sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related HMG box 2 (SOX2)
188 ual cycle genes contain chromatin-accessible sex-determining region Y box (SOX) binding sites, that S
189 a1 also binds to regulatory regions of Sox2 (sex-determining region Y box 2), Esrrb (estrogen-related
190 ar characterization identified an early SRY (sex-determining region Y) box (Sox)9(low) cluster of dif
191 research has shown that PRKG2 regulates SRY (sex-determining region Y) box 9 (SOX9)-mediated transcri
192 ans mating type gene matA and the human SRY (Sex-Determining Region Y) encode proteins containing a s
193 or 2 (Runx2), vitamin D receptor (Vdr), SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 9 protein, and Nfkb1 in C3
195 locus encoding the core pluripotency factor sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) in ESCs, and this
197 enes normally found in immature SCs, such as sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), is increased in D
198 important transcription factors such as the sex-determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4), homeobox C6, enha
200 24.4-megabase distance and in trans with the sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) gene on chromosome
202 one morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP6; sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9); integrin, alpha 6
203 e epithelial progenitor and stem cell marker sex-determining region Y-related box 2 (sox2) was tooth-
204 n to the multiple mutations found within the sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box
205 IT1 expression in the hippocampus, including sex-determining region Y-related HMG box 2 (Sox2), a wel
206 and aggrecan, in part via activation of the sex-determining region Y-type high mobility group box (S
214 and physical mapping of plant nonrecombining sex-determining regions [5-8], it remains very difficult
215 oci open up the potential to investigate how sex-determining regions co-evolve with major changes in
217 lar (Populus) describing one of the smallest sex-determining regions known thus far in complex eukary
218 sociation with gld-1, and that their precise sex-determining roles depend on the species-specific con
219 formatic and genetic mapping to identify the sex-determining (sex) region in Phycomyces blakesleeanus
227 Only placental male mammals evolved the sex determining SRY, which activates Sox9 for testes for
228 le consensus binding motifs for Sox factors (sex-determining Sry-like high mobility group box-contain
229 y primary sex reversal does not occur at the sex-determining stage, but instead occurs near birth in
232 n the family, a male heterogametic (XY male) sex determining system evolves, whereas when females mor
234 sence of unpaired chromosomes and an unknown sex-determining system especially has defied attempts at
235 A-encoded genes can deeply influence bivalve sex determining systems and the evolution of the mitogen
238 possible role for, and effect of, polygenic sex-determining systems in rapid evolutionary diversific
241 m cells are required only during the primary sex-determining window, or if they are required througho
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