ライフサイエンスコーパス: sex-determining

1 Models relating sex-determining allele diversity and the mating system t

2 llustrate the almost identical expression of sex-determining alleles in terms of sexual phenotypes ac

3 ions with N3 less than 100 should have fewer sex-determining alleles than we found, but high diversit

4 Thus, when females share sex-determining alleles with their mates and produce low

5 on genotypes of a 'sex locus' with numerous sex-determining alleles.

6 stimated that the population harboured 10-16 sex-determining alleles.

7 ed loads in populations with fewer than five sex-determining alleles.

8 ermination system (UV system) recovering the sex determining and pseudoautosomal regions, and then to

9 pose that pairs of genes constitute both the sex determining and the hereditary unit of A.

10 osomes that acquire controlling genes in the sex-determining cascade.

11 esents one or both maternal species, (2) the sex-determining chromosome of the hybrid reflects the lo

12 rmaphrodites), F. virginiana--share the same sex-determining chromosome.

13 tution rates are biased in favor of dominant sex determining chromosomes, which fix with higher proba

14 In the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the sex-determining chromosomes are homomorphic.

15 In females the primary sex-determining decision is not final: loss of the FOXL2

16 neage in an embryonic gonad communicates the sex-determining decision to various sexually dimorphic c

17 lls may facilitate the communication of male sex-determining decisions to the germ cells during embry

18 erimental NMR data for a complex of the male sex determining factor SRY with a duplex DNA 14mer, whic

19 s between SRY, the Y chromosome encoded male sex determining factor, and the androgen receptor (AR).

20 anscription factors related to the mammalian sex determining factor, SRY.

21 The mammalian sex-determining factor SRY comprises a conserved high-mo

22 The HMG-box domain of the human male sex-determining factor SRY, hSRY(HMG) (comprising residu

23 al and functional similarities with the male sex-determining factor SRY, is highly enriched at the sw

24 ease susceptibility genes as targets for the sex-determining factor SRY, suggesting that this Y-encod

25 is expected to maintain genetic diversity of sex determining factors associated with gynodioecy, that

26 an autosome, and the maintenance of multiple sex-determining factors in species that lack heteromorph

27 Broadly conserved among metazoan sex-determining factors, the DM domain contains a noncla

28 gly associated with pleiotropically dominant sex-determining factors, which may help to explain biase

29 pf is under dual regulation by circadian and sex-determining factors.

30 ndreds of millions of years ago, acquiring a sex-determining function and undergoing a series of inve

31 its key target gene SRY-box 9 (Sox9) and its sex-determining function in vivo.

32 embryo in response to the expression of the sex determining gene, Sry, in Sertoli cell precursors.

33 n morphological event downstream of the male sex determining gene, Sry, is the induction of prolifera

34 ome, which initiates from the putative avian sex-determining gene DMRT1 and ends at the pseudoautosom

35 The role played by the sex-determining gene doublesex (dsx) and its influence o

36 st intron of Fem1c, a gene homologous to the sex-determining gene fem-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans.

37 abditis elegans hermaphrodite germ line, the sex-determining gene fem-3 is repressed posttranscriptio

38 is has also happened in honeybees, where the sex-determining gene has now been shown to be a duplicat

39 tagonistic loci that are tightly linked to a sex-determining gene have a vastly stronger influence on

40 uences of alleles of the honey bee's primary sex-determining gene have extremely high diversity, with

41 The sex-determining gene her-1 is required for male developm

42 C-2 associates with the promoter of the male sex-determining gene her-1 to repress its transcription.

43 ing a transgene activation system, the human sex-determining gene hSRY is activated in the single-cel

44 ether the expression of SOX9, a central male sex-determining gene in mammals, or three other conserve

45 strate that Dmrt1 is a candidate master male sex-determining gene in this TSD species, consistent wit

46 indifferent until the transient action of a sex-determining gene initiates gonadal differentiation.

47 In Caenorhabditis elegans, the tra-2 sex-determining gene is regulated at the translational l

48 The fem-3 sex-determining gene is repressed post-transcriptionally

49 stic selection can cause the spread of a new sex-determining gene linked to it.

50 In some taxa the master sex-determining gene moves frequently between chromosome

51 he initial expression of the female-specific sex-determining gene Sex-lethal in the blastoderm embryo

52 as a monomer to the regulatory region of the sex-determining gene SF1.

53 ning loci, the transposition of an ancestral sex-determining gene to an autosome, and the maintenance

54 se results significantly narrow the putative sex-determining gene to the very terminal region of the

55 The C. elegans sex-determining gene tra-2 is subject to multiple forms

56 The Caenorhabditis elegans sex-determining gene tra-2 promotes female development a

57 present in the 3' untranslated region of the sex-determining gene tra-2.

58 inized by a loss-of-function mutation in the sex-determining gene tra-3 results in masculinization of

59 oogenesis relies on regulation of the fem-3 sex-determining gene via a regulatory element in the fem

60 Here, the locus for an autosomal sex-determining gene was mapped via linkage analysis in

61 Thus, WNT-4, a novel sex-determining gene, and DAX1 play a concerted role in

62 ene may be the ancestral precursor of Sry, a sex-determining gene, and Sox3 has been proposed to play

63 tis and are thought to express Sry, the male sex-determining gene, and to play a crucial role in dire

64 Furthermore, X. laevis' sex-determining gene, DM-W, does not exist in X. tropica

65 mbination, which surrounds the male-specific sex-determining gene, remains very small, despite ancien

66 stis development just downstream of the male sex-determining gene, Sry: (1) for the proliferation of

67 In addition, the sex-determining gene, tra-3, appears to promote female d

68 wn to be a duplicate of another Hymenopteran sex-determining gene.

69 ement in the fem-3 3'UTR and repressing this sex-determining gene.

70 tal proof that Sry was the elusive mammalian sex-determining gene.

71 on from hermaphroditism to monoecy, multiple sex determining genes are involved, including male-steri

72 tterns of expression of maternal and zygotic sex determining genes expected to result from conflict o

73 n for the observed preponderance of dominant sex determining genes, and hint that drift-induced selec

74 ution of new regulatory interactions between sex-determining genes and genes that control spatial pat

75 tic interactions among FEM1, NOT1, and other sex-determining genes are described.

76 e upregulation of Sox9 in cases where female sex-determining genes are disrupted.

77 orphic sex chromosomes and rapid turnover of sex-determining genes can complicate establishing the se

78 Homeotic and sex-determining genes control a wide range of morphologi

79 Sex-determining genes frequently exhibit sexually dimorp

80 sperm families, the actual identification of sex-determining genes has been elusive, and their regula

81 Sex-determining genes have been identified in flies, wor

82 ggests the possible continued involvement of sex-determining genes in maintaining ovarian function th

83 ermine whether interactions between multiple sex-determining genes might be partly responsible for th

84 The tra-1 and tra-2 sex-determining genes promote female fates in Caenorhabd

85 animal lineages are inevitably controlled by sex-determining genes, but the genetic basis of sexually

86 discovery of many of the now-known mammalian sex-determining genes, including SRY, RSPO1, SOX9, NR5A1

87 es with the predicted activity of one of the sex-determining genes, TRANSFORMER5 (TRA5).

88 ve linkage of sexually antagonistic genes to sex-determining genes.

89 genetic programme that involves most of the sex-determining genes.

90 been produced of a plant chromosome carrying sex-determining genes.

91 f the AFLP markers and to locate the mutated sex-determining genes.

92 n animals and fungi is regulated by specific sex-determining genes.

93 hallmark NPC proteins (nestin, doublecortin, sex-determining homeobox 2, and glial fibrillary acidic

94 omosome elimination is used to establish the sex-determining karyotypes.

95 between maternally and zygotically expressed sex determining loci and that these may play a role in s

96 Thus, sex-determining loci affect the evolution of both sex-re

97 tive genetic mapping, this has revealed that sex-determining loci and sex-linked regions evolved inde

98 e latifolia and refined the locations of the sex-determining loci on its Y chromosome map.

99 Evidence of recombination between the sex-determining loci, an important hallmark of incipient

100 mechanism can account for the origin of new sex-determining loci, the transposition of an ancestral

101 fied that sex determination is linked to the sex determining locus (sdY) of salmonids.

102 leads to the evolution of a dominant zygotic sex determining locus.

103 ping were performed to localize an amphibian sex-determining locus (ambysex) in the tiger salamander

104 is predicted from the loss of alleles at the sex-determining locus and consequent skewing of operatio

105 duals that are diploid and heterozygous at a sex-determining locus are female, and individuals that a

106 molecular markers most tightly linked to the sex-determining locus in the two octoploid species shows

107 age maps for a diversity of species, and the sex-determining locus is often among the first to be map

108 on of suppressed recombination surrounds the sex-determining locus of the self-fertile fungus Neurosp

109 The sex-determining locus segregated to a distal position on

110 ad lower functional genetic diversity at the sex-determining locus than native species.

111 mbination suppressed domain expands from the sex-determining locus to the entire Y chromosome remains

112 recessive allele (female-determining) of the sex-determining locus, and a separate insertion is homoz

113 ern hybridization data suggest that the male sex-determining locus, Sry, is often duplicated in roden

114 osatellite loci were closely linked with the sex-determining locus.

115 to an autosome or an autosome acquires a new sex-determining locus/allele.

116 e sex, and suppressed recombination around a sex-determining master switch.

117 y relationship in 94 amniote species between sex-determining mechanism and whether a species bears li

118 ale and the other female) to investigate the sex-determining mechanism in birds.

119 We use that relationship to predict the sex-determining mechanism in three independent lineages

120 g in viviparous eutherian mammals requires a sex-determining mechanism resistant to maternal hormones

121 important for the study of the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms and for evaluating the effect

122 Sex-determining mechanisms are highly variable between p

123 ecular analyses have hitherto indicated that sex-determining mechanisms differ completely between phy

124 o major adaptive radiations, in part because sex-determining mechanisms do not fossilize.

125 ns and are implicated in transitions between sex-determining mechanisms during vertebrate evolution [

126 to multiple evolutionary transitions between sex-determining mechanisms in vertebrates.

127 t should be considered in genetic studies of sex-determining mechanisms.

128 rved gene suggests a potential role for this sex-determining molecule in humans.

129 eractions among new and previously described sex-determining mutants have been characterized.

130 The observation that some gametophytic sex-determining mutants have phenotypic effects on the s

131 In order to identify additional sex-determining or gonadal differentiation genes we have

132 was used to expand the genetic model of the sex-determining pathway in Ceratopteris.

133 The mammalian sex-determining pathway is controlled by the presence or

134 Y and SOX9, both shown to be involved in the sex-determining pathway.

135 , which recognizes multiple parallel primary sex-determining pathways initiated by genes or factors e

136 DM motif), broadly conserved among metazoan sex-determining pathways.

137 ty that yolk sex steroids may be part of the sex-determining process in birds.

138 The male sex-determining process is set in motion by the sex-dete

139 The C. elegans male sex-determining protein, FEM-1, has been identified as a

140 nas fertilization, including expression of a sex-determining protein, phosphorylation of a homeodomai

141 merase chain reaction (PCR) of male-specific sex determining region (SRY) sequences.

142 evelopmentally important family of SOX (SRY (sex determining region on the Y chromosome)-related high

143 an testis determination is initiated by SRY (sex determining region on Y chromosome).

144 assessed using real-time PCR assays for the sex determining region Y (SRY) and testes specific prote

145 the downregulation of the pluripotency genes sex determining region Y box 2 (Sox2) and Bmi1.

146 was mapped to a locus on chromosome 3, where Sex determining region Y box 2 (Sox2) was identified as

147 l as for endoderm transcription factors SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 17 and pancreatic and duod

148 tion transplantation assays to identify SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2) as cancer stem-ce

149 ain insight into mechanisms controlling SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2) protein activity

150 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9) is required for o

151 in (Alb), Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pc), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (Sox9), hepatic nuclear

152 eage-labeled; positive for osteopontin, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9, and epithelial cell adh

153 er transcription factor of cartilage, Sox9 [(sex determining region Y)-box 9].

154 SOX9 [(sex determining region Y)-box9] gene has been implicated

155 A higher percentage of sex determining region Y-box (SOX)9(+) and cytokeratin 1

156 tified enhancers regulated by the Sox10 (SRY sex determining region Y-box 10) and Egr2/Krox20 (Early

157 Sex determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) expression is sp

158 Since 2005, sex determining region y-box 2 (SOX2) has drawn the atte

159 ticle, we show that the transcription factor sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2) is expressed in ac

160 wild-type bone marrow progenitors with a SRY sex determining region Y-box 4 (Sox4)-expressing retrovi

161 t selection in multiple lines, such as SOX6 (Sex Determining Region Y-Box 6) and cTR (Thyroid hormone

162 down-regulation of both HNF-1beta and Sox9 (sex determining region Y-related HMG box transcription f

163 result from the incompatibility of the Sry (sex determining region, Y chromosome) allele carried on

164 The Sry (sex determining region, Y chromosome) open reading frame

165 x chromosomes is typically suppressed at the sex-determining region (SDR) and proportionally elevated

166 ing linkage mapping, polyploid phylogeny and sex-determining region (SDR) in a unified framework, we

167 ing-over events close to the boundary of the sex-determining region (SDR), and to trace the inheritan

168 growth hormone pseudogene known to be in the sex-determining region (SEX) in 374 progeny from eight e

169 Recombination suppression in the sex-determining region and accumulation of deleterious m

170 ser linkage has recently evolved between the sex-determining region and several genes that are partia

171 n haploid selected loci become linked to the sex-determining region because the zygotic sex ratio is

172 ternally, but the chromosome that houses the sex-determining region differs.

173 e Wolbachia insert is now acting as a female sex-determining region in pillbugs, and that the chromos

174 Both sexual homomorphism and the small sex-determining region occur against a background of str

175 assay was developed for the detection of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) in peri

176 -determining process is set in motion by the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (Sry), which

177 on of many sex-related genes, including Sry (sex-determining region of the Y chromosome) and Sox9 (Sr

178 tectural transcription factor encoded by the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome, initiates te

179 Sex-determining region Y (SRY) box 2 (SOX2) haploinsuffi

180 enes, without affecting synergistic SF-1 and sex-determining region Y (SRY) coactivation of the testi

181 ted by a transcription factor encoded by the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene located on the Y chr

182 Sex-determining region Y (Sry) is the crucial gene that

183 In XY gonads, sex-determining region Y (SRY) triggers fibroblast growt

184 function, resulted in an ~2-fold increase in sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (Sox9) mRNA, and pr

185 SOX9 [sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 protein], a high mo

186 nt maps approximately 932 kb upstream of the sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility gro

187 a novel function for the pluripotency factor sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related HMG box 2 (SOX2)

188 ual cycle genes contain chromatin-accessible sex-determining region Y box (SOX) binding sites, that S

189 a1 also binds to regulatory regions of Sox2 (sex-determining region Y box 2), Esrrb (estrogen-related

190 ar characterization identified an early SRY (sex-determining region Y) box (Sox)9(low) cluster of dif

191 research has shown that PRKG2 regulates SRY (sex-determining region Y) box 9 (SOX9)-mediated transcri

192 ans mating type gene matA and the human SRY (Sex-Determining Region Y) encode proteins containing a s

193 or 2 (Runx2), vitamin D receptor (Vdr), SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 9 protein, and Nfkb1 in C3

194 of MM cells in a protein kinase B- and SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box-dependent manner.

195 locus encoding the core pluripotency factor sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) in ESCs, and this

196 We have shown that amplification of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is an early and co

197 enes normally found in immature SCs, such as sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), is increased in D

198 important transcription factors such as the sex-determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4), homeobox C6, enha

199 ry factor (USF), estrogen receptor (ER), and sex-determining region Y-box 5 (SOX5).

200 24.4-megabase distance and in trans with the sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) gene on chromosome

201 Previously, we have demonstrated that Sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) is ectopically exp

202 one morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP6; sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9); integrin, alpha 6

203 e epithelial progenitor and stem cell marker sex-determining region Y-related box 2 (sox2) was tooth-

204 n to the multiple mutations found within the sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box

205 IT1 expression in the hippocampus, including sex-determining region Y-related HMG box 2 (Sox2), a wel

206 and aggrecan, in part via activation of the sex-determining region Y-type high mobility group box (S

207 The transcription factor SRY (sex-determining region)-box 2 (SOX2) is an important fun

208 Combined with a small sex-determining region, we infer that sexual conflict ma

209 Using rat sex-determining region-Y-specific oligonucleotide primer

210 d markedly reduced recombination in the male sex-determining region.

211 can occur rapidly following acquisition of a sex-determining region.

212 ions between male blue nuptial color and two sex determining regions (an XY and ZW locus).

213 A number of such sex-determining regions (SDRs) have been studied in anim

214 and physical mapping of plant nonrecombining sex-determining regions [5-8], it remains very difficult

215 oci open up the potential to investigate how sex-determining regions co-evolve with major changes in

216 I review sex-determining regions in non-model plant species, whic

217 lar (Populus) describing one of the smallest sex-determining regions known thus far in complex eukary

218 sociation with gld-1, and that their precise sex-determining roles depend on the species-specific con

219 formatic and genetic mapping to identify the sex-determining (sex) region in Phycomyces blakesleeanus

220 The primary sex-determining signal in the haplodiploid wasp Nasonia

221 exual selection acting on the discriminatory sex-determining signal.

222 es in addition to antheridiogen, the primary sex-determining signal.

223 Furthermore, primary sex-determining signals differ among haplodiploid specie

224 Yet this diversity in primary sex-determining signals is coupled with conserved molecu

225 In vertebrates, the primary sex-determining signals that initiate sexual development

226 However, the molecular nature of the sex-determining signals that pass from the supporting ce

227 Only placental male mammals evolved the sex determining SRY, which activates Sox9 for testes for

228 le consensus binding motifs for Sox factors (sex-determining Sry-like high mobility group box-contain

229 y primary sex reversal does not occur at the sex-determining stage, but instead occurs near birth in

230 complete sex reversal in such mutants at the sex-determining stage.

231 Here, we studied the sex-determining switch of 14 natural sequence variants o

232 n the family, a male heterogametic (XY male) sex determining system evolves, whereas when females mor

233 Two models for the evolution of the sex-determining system are presented.

234 sence of unpaired chromosomes and an unknown sex-determining system especially has defied attempts at

235 A-encoded genes can deeply influence bivalve sex determining systems and the evolution of the mitogen

236 may play a role in shaping the evolution of sex determining systems.

237 a role in the early evolution of chromosomal sex determining systems.

238 possible role for, and effect of, polygenic sex-determining systems in rapid evolutionary diversific

239 Sex-determining systems may evolve rapidly and contribut

240 in (M12/mac25) indicated upregulation of the sex determining transcription factor SOX9.

241 m cells are required only during the primary sex-determining window, or if they are required througho

242 nsgene is tested against weak alleles of the sex-determining Y-chromosome gene Sry.

243 hIFN-kappa) near the type I IFN locus on the sex-determining Z chromosome.