ライフサイエンスコーパス: sexual dimorphism

1 t environment (male dimorphism) or with sex (sexual dimorphism).

2 emal spine morphology may be attributable to sexual dimorphism.

3 phase of the life cycle and the low level of sexual dimorphism.

4 o investigate the mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism.

5 parisons correction, but exhibited a similar sexual dimorphism.

6 namics of sex chromosomes and the genesis of sexual dimorphism.

7 n of mammary mesenchyme markers and impaired sexual dimorphism.

8 mechanisms have organizing effects on neural sexual dimorphism.

9 XY in males) may also contribute to ischemic sexual dimorphism.

10 ms (AAAs) are a deadly pathology with strong sexual dimorphism.

11 suggesting that meiotic checkpoints exhibit sexual dimorphism.

12 hly concordant and not a principal source of sexual dimorphism.

13 n deficit hyperactivity disorder, which show sexual dimorphism.

14 x (dsx) both contribute to establishing this sexual dimorphism.

15 e with H. habilis, and may have shown marked sexual dimorphism.

16 microMT mice exhibiting the most pronounced sexual dimorphism.

17 there is a need to assess the phenotype for sexual dimorphism.

18 positively correlated with the level of size sexual dimorphism.

19 rain areas, with some connections exhibiting sexual dimorphism.

20 females, whereas the second leg has no overt sexual dimorphism.

21 domain and its function in the regulation of sexual dimorphism.

22 found that rhythms in Igf-1 expression have sexual dimorphism.

23 rphological traits arising from postpubertal sexual dimorphism.

24 ments in men as compared to women supporting sexual dimorphism.

25 ns indicate that the code is instructive for sexual dimorphism.

26 life contributors to NAFLD show considerable sexual dimorphism.

27 compared with that of 6 women for evidencing sexual dimorphism.

28 Cybister japonicus Sharp shows a remarkable sexual dimorphism.

29 ts suggests, however, a strong selection for sexual dimorphism.

30 al progeny apoptosis contribute to the final sexual dimorphism.

31 r to T1D with regard to microbiota-dependent sexual dimorphism.

32 to be the major determinant of the observed sexual dimorphism.

33 ht behaviours contribute to the evolution of sexual dimorphism.

34 ally and assessed left-right asymmetries and sexual dimorphisms.

35 oping mental illnesses that show significant sexual dimorphisms.

36 uroanatomical substrates that underlie these sexual dimorphisms.

37 n regulatory genes to produce nervous system sexual dimorphisms.

38 d metabolic function and to the aetiology of sexual dimorphisms.

39 are necessary for the establishment of these sexual dimorphisms.

40 ysfunctional AR affects this and other brain sexual dimorphisms.

41 ines, suggesting potential reasons for these sexual dimorphisms.

42 Mammalian external genitals show sexual dimorphism [1, 2] and can change size and shape u

43 ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect

44 ts, (3) are necessary for the maintenance of sexual dimorphism, (4) influence reproductive success am

45 heretofore unrecognized ontogenetic series, sexual dimorphism (a rare instance for Mesozoic reptiles

46 ength of the breeding season, fecundity, and sexual dimorphism across a wide latitudinal gradient.

47 n individuals, suggesting the possibility of sexual dimorphism, adaptive strategies or competition-re

48 ic pathway whose regulation shows unexpected sexual dimorphism; additional molecular signatures of or

49 so characterized by cerebral asymmetries and sexual dimorphisms, although very little is known about

50 MSN strain as a complex mania model, adding sexual dimorphism, an altered diurnal activity profile,

51 ght remarkable parallels to the evolution of sexual dimorphism and argue that their approach can aid

52 Reduced AR activity at genes controlling sexual dimorphism and cell growth was found in Fkbp52-de

53 indicate that whereas some adult patterns of sexual dimorphism and cerebral asymmetries are present a

54 erating and utilizing glutathione (GSH) show sexual dimorphism and developmental differences in rat b

55 The evolution of sexual dimorphism and expansion of sex chromosomes are b

56 female and male pelves exhibit only moderate sexual dimorphism and follow largely similar development

57 es is of primary importance in understanding sexual dimorphism and genome evolution.

58 reby placing limitations on the evolution of sexual dimorphism and genomic expansion of sex chromosom

59 These results indicate that the sexual dimorphism and hormone responsiveness of the MePD

60 Conversely, if sexual dimorphism and interspecific divergence are alter

61 egmental differences are less extensive than sexual dimorphism and involve fewer than 14 genes.

62 driving phylogenetic and genomic patterns of sexual dimorphism and life-history evolution.

63 Schistosome sexual dimorphism and mating systems have subsequently b

64 bligate endoparasitoids that exhibit extreme sexual dimorphism and parasitize seven orders and 33 fam

65 lated to sexual selection intensity, such as sexual dimorphism and reproductive investment.

66 we identified two known regulators of liver sexual dimorphism and several new candidates for further

67 n avian clade representing the full range of sexual dimorphism and sexual selection.

68 nd characterizing individual susceptibility, sexual dimorphism, and non-linearity in dose response wo

69 the evolution of eyespot number and eyespot sexual dimorphism, and the identification of genes affec

70 that relate to the cost of reproduction and sexual dimorphism are at least partially involved in det

71 information on how the mutant SOD1 gene and sexual dimorphism are involved in ALS disease progressio

72 Sexual dimorphisms are established by sex determination

73 Although nervous system sexual dimorphisms are known in many species, relatively

74 ater in male rats than in females, and these sexual dimorphisms are maintained by adult circulating h

75 Sexual dimorphisms are prevalent in development, physiol

76 Sexual dimorphisms are recognized in cardiovascular cond

77 Sexual dimorphisms are typically attributed to the hormo

78 ic competition, however, is thought to limit sexual dimorphism, as larger competitors in the communit

79 onadal sex hormones are responsible for this sexual dimorphism, as ovariectomy, but not castration, o

80 Together our findings reveal marked sexual dimorphism at the transcriptional level in MDD an

81 ies, associated with measuring and comparing sexual dimorphism between two populations.

82 There is also an established sexual dimorphism both in the cardiovascular response to

83 pment, focusing on recent findings regarding sexual dimorphism, bud induction, branching morphogenesi

84 colonial Volvocine algae might have evolved sexual dimorphism, but also raise questions about why th

85 Species differed in external genital sexual dimorphism, but we observed a sexual monomorphism

86 It plays a critical role in generating sexual dimorphism by eliminating structures that are not

87 ism consistent with a proposal of Lande that sexual dimorphism can evolve because females secondarily

88 eads to a scenario for the evolution of size sexual dimorphism consistent with a proposal of Lande th

89 Therefore, we asked whether any aspect of sexual dimorphism could be attributed to chromosomal rat

90 wer risk for hypertension than men, but this sexual dimorphism declines with the onset of menopause.

91 Sexual dimorphism depends on sex-biased gene expression,

92 We proposed to determine whether, like other sexual dimorphisms, drug metabolism is permanently impri

93 s) that has recently evolved a rare reversed sexual dimorphism, dsx RNAi revealed reversed as well as

94 but the downstream effectors that establish sexual dimorphism during larval development remain large

95 whether the Y chromosome contributes to this sexual dimorphism, EAE was induced in consomic SJL/J mic

96 vant to social and cognitive behaviors shows sexual dimorphism, epigenetic dysregulation, compensator

97 Sexual dimorphisms exist in the prevalence and severity

98 f cholangitis, this model displayed a strong sexual dimorphism: female mice developed marked cholangi

99 ion in males were also found, illustrating a sexual dimorphism for the response to aneuploidy.

100 ved intake patterns are congruent with known sexual dimorphisms for body composition, peak growth vel

101 bertal addition of cells coincide with adult sexual dimorphisms: for each region, the sex that gains

102 bertal addition of cells coincide with adult sexual dimorphisms: for each region, the sex that gains

103 Sexual dimorphisms fuel significant intraspecific variat

104 Whether this electrophysiological sexual dimorphism has functional consequences for sensor

105 his additional layer in the establishment of sexual dimorphisms has implications for understanding se

106 orts that do include both sexes, significant sexual dimorphisms have been demonstrated in development

107 Sexual dimorphisms have been observed in many species, i

108 domain genes reveal mechanisms by which new sexual dimorphisms have evolved in invertebrates and sho

109 When selection favors sexual dimorphism, high-fitness parents often produce lo

110 Some brain sexual dimorphisms, however, are direct actions of sex c

111 e functional consequences of this structural sexual dimorphism in a peripheral sensory organ, the VNO

112 These data have implications for sexual dimorphism in addiction vulnerability and define

113 at NPF also plays a role in clock-controlled sexual dimorphism in adult Drosophila.

114 Sexual dimorphism in anatomical, physiological and behav

115 s require confirmation but suggest potential sexual dimorphism in associations with prenatal exposure

116 Sexual dimorphism in astrocyte arbor complexity in the l

117 s more males as the result of cell-intrinsic sexual dimorphism in astrocyte transformation.

118 ence for a relationship between the level of sexual dimorphism in attraction traits and the between-s

119 There is profound sexual dimorphism in both the nature of the sequences th

120 uggests a novel mechanism for development of sexual dimorphism in BP.

121 hus provide new avenues for investigation of sexual dimorphism in brain function and disease.

122 In this study, we examined the sexual dimorphism in cellular infiltrates of the salivar

123 The delayed maturation in males and the sexual dimorphism in cerebral hemodynamics may explain w

124 One of the lines (beta2) showed a clear sexual dimorphism in cochlear phenotype.

125 A. zeuxis shows extreme sexual dimorphism in craniodental morphology (apparently

126 dulation of female sexual receptivity, has a sexual dimorphism in dendritic spine density that favors

127 Sexual dimorphism in drug-related neuroanatomic changes

128 how that ChrY polymorphism can determine the sexual dimorphism in EAE and myocarditis.

129 l of the male gamete that contributes to the sexual dimorphism in EAE and paternal parent-of-origin e

130 Thus, when sexual dimorphism in ecologically relevant traits is sub

131 ess (fru), to at least partially mediate the sexual dimorphism in ethanol sedation.

132 red with the Western honeybee, the degree of sexual dimorphism in Eucera is more pronounced at the pe

133 Previously, we showed that the sexual dimorphism in experimental autoimmune encephalomy

134 arry unlinked modifier alleles that increase sexual dimorphism in expression.

135 This latter finding could help to explain sexual dimorphism in F0 and formants that is currently u

136 icate that in vivo Adamts1 knockout leads to sexual dimorphism in frontal cortex synaptic protein lev

137 ,574 transcripts revealed that the extent of sexual dimorphism in gene expression was much greater th

138 in animals, as is the observation of strong sexual dimorphism in genomewide patterns of gene express

139 In C. elegans, sexual dimorphism in gonad form and function largely ori

140 of HSCR development, thereby contributing to sexual dimorphism in HSCR.

141 ed transcription factor could be involved in sexual dimorphism in HSCR.

142 Sexual dimorphism in human brain structure is well recog

143 ith potential implications for understanding sexual dimorphism in human disease.

144 ormants that is currently unaccounted for by sexual dimorphism in human vocal anatomy and body size.

145 Although total IgE exhibits sexual dimorphism in humans (with males demonstrating hi

146 ria terminalis (BNST) in the forebrain shows sexual dimorphism in its neuroanatomical connectivity an

147 Sexual dimorphism in leptin and fat stores have been obs

148 Thus, thousands of genes showed sexual dimorphism in liver, adipose, and muscle, and hun

149 Sexual dimorphism in morphological, physiological, and b

150 sponses in autoimmunity, but its role in the sexual dimorphism in MS or MS models remains unexplored.

151 at a similar mechanism may contribute to the sexual dimorphism in multiple sclerosis.

152 y evident in male exposed rats, suggesting a sexual dimorphism in neural development after SSRI expos

153 , suggesting a novel molecular mechanism for sexual dimorphism in neural development, brain functions

154 New attention to sexual dimorphism in normal mammalian physiology and dis

155 arrative review of the literature related to sexual dimorphism in pathogen-mediated inflammatory dise

156 investigated the mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism in pathogenesis and showed that nuclea

157 Sturnidae) to demonstrate that the degree of sexual dimorphism in plumage and body size is reduced in

158 tem, and suggest a neurobiological basis for sexual dimorphism in serotonin-modulated phenotypes.

159 sis that these findings reflected a putative sexual dimorphism in SERT-mediated modulation of emotion

160 Thus, despite striking sexual dimorphism in size and growth trajectories, size

161 s, the immune cell subset underlying the EAE sexual dimorphism in SJL mice, rather than CD4(+) T cell

162 ction, but cannot fully explain the observed sexual dimorphism in stroke outcomes seen during life st

163 teroid-responsive genes, may contribute to a sexual dimorphism in susceptibility to destructive perio

164 ion provide a plausible biologic basis for a sexual dimorphism in susceptibility to destructive perio

165 s reveal an interesting and hitherto unknown sexual dimorphism in systemic Drosophila metabolites, cl

166 tudies in mice and humans indicated that the sexual dimorphism in Th1 and Th17 cytokine production wa

167 ship between sex differences in behavior and sexual dimorphism in the brain.

168 sex determination is important for creating sexual dimorphism in the Drosophila gonad, similar to th

169 Our findings also suggest the existence of sexual dimorphism in the effects of demyelinating syndro

170 l recruitment, as well as the development of sexual dimorphism in the gonad.

171 ng mechanism for the development of regional sexual dimorphism in the human brain.

172 cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in the incidence, prognosis, and treat

173 vocal control nuclei in males rather than on sexual dimorphism in the internal composition of vocal n

174 the primary forces driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism in the Lepidoptera, and alternative hy

175 hromatin modifiers, as a crucial mediator of sexual dimorphism in the liver.

176 Sexual dimorphism in the nervous system is required for

177 We demonstrate extensive sexual dimorphism in the number and projections of aroma

178 with Fos immunocytochemistry to investigate sexual dimorphism in the organization of the PAG-RVM cir

179 t provide an underlying biologic basis for a sexual dimorphism in the prevalence and severity of dest

180 HSD1, H6PD, GR, and C/EBPs may contribute to sexual dimorphism in the programming of exaggerated cort

181 virgin females but not in males, revealing a sexual dimorphism in the regulation of anxiety within th

182 s, female and male meiosis display extensive sexual dimorphism in the temporal meiotic program, the n

183 om a regular sexual dimorphism to a reversed sexual dimorphism in this species.

184 he vocal control system and does not exhibit sexual dimorphism in total volume or total NADPH-d neuro

185 ooperatively breeding species, the degree of sexual dimorphism in traits used in intrasexual competit

186 e have established a model for investigating sexual dimorphism in urothelial carcinoma development, a

187 awning by the time of harvest, and expressed sexual dimorphism in various biometric and flesh quality

188 ection on aposematic coloration and document sexual dimorphism in vertebrate warning coloration.

189 Sexual dimorphism in visceral fat (VF) was attributable

190 mistry were used to explore the existence of sexual dimorphism in vocal control nuclei of adult budge

191 Although sexual dimorphism in wheeze and asthma prevalence are we

192 escents can provide a basis for interpreting sexual dimorphisms in abilities and actions.

193 Sexual dimorphisms in animal vocal behavior have been su

194 Such sexual dimorphisms in behavior are most obvious in stere

195 Since sexual dimorphisms in body composition exist, we postula

196 Sexual dimorphisms in body size are widespread throughou

197 ion, we recovered an ancestral shift towards sexual dimorphisms in both size and appearance in a line

198 The presence of structural and neurochemical sexual dimorphisms in both the MEApd and BSTpr suggests

199 In light of sexual dimorphisms in CVD, a need exists to examine base

200 minority of alleles, our model suggests that sexual dimorphisms in gametogenesis result in a greater

201 Strong evidence exists for sexual dimorphisms in immune function, involving both in

202 chemistry for AR were used to evaluate these sexual dimorphisms in more detail.

203 of multiple organs, thereby contributing to sexual dimorphisms in normal biological functions and di

204 morphisms has implications for understanding sexual dimorphisms in physiology and disease.

205 eptors, an effect that could be explained by sexual dimorphisms in receptor expression levels.

206 ls during puberty to maintain and accentuate sexual dimorphisms in the adult brain.

207 ls during puberty to maintain and accentuate sexual dimorphisms in the adult brain.

208 Functional and anatomical sexual dimorphisms in the brain are either the result of

209 Sexual dimorphisms in the brain underlie behavioral sex

210 Sexual dimorphisms in the neurons and circuits of males

211 However, there seem to be intrinsic (basal) sexual dimorphisms in this pathway that may contribute t

212 imbs, large energy-expensive brains, reduced sexual dimorphism, increased carnivory, and unique life

213 Within species, sexual dimorphism is a source of variation in life histo

214 In humans, sexual dimorphism is also observed in the prevalence, co

215 Sexual dimorphism is also seen in human autosomal gene e

216 ng supports the conclusion that hypothalamic sexual dimorphism is conserved in killifish.

217 Here we examine how sexual dimorphism is created in the Drosophila gonad by

218 machinery participates in the regulation of sexual dimorphism is discussed.

219 We hypothesized that this sexual dimorphism is due, at least in part, to gland-spe

220 This sexual dimorphism is entirely dependent on adult circula

221 ild-type males at this age, this prepubertal sexual dimorphism is independent of ARs.

222 Sexual dimorphism is present at birth, with males having

223 rosis preferentially affects women, and this sexual dimorphism is recapitulated in the SJL mouse mode

224 One of the most striking examples of sexual dimorphism is sex-limited mimicry in butterflies,

225 Although sexual dimorphism is ubiquitous in animals, the means by

226 The reason for this sexual dimorphism is unknown, but it may reflect negativ

227 Sexual dimorphism is widespread and substantial througho

228 Sexual dimorphism is widespread throughout the metazoa a

229 One cause of sexual dimorphisms is developmental differences in circu

230 tals are unique body parts in that they show sexual dimorphism, major changes in puberty and typicall

231 kably diverse in their expression, including sexual dimorphisms, male dimorphisms, and interspecific

232 bgroup, suggesting that the genetic paths to sexual dimorphism may be constrained within a clade but

233 ological diversification, then the degree of sexual dimorphism may be negatively related to the exten

234 Although a unique pattern of craniofacial sexual dimorphism may have characterized advanced stem a

235 egions in a direction that is congruent with sexual dimorphism observed in a large independent sample

236 a mechanism that plays a role in the marked sexual dimorphism observed in a model of the transition

237 polymorphism controls the age-dependent EAE sexual dimorphism observed in SJL/J mice.

238 Size sexual dimorphism occurs in almost all mammals.

239 tors of regional aortic AT1aR expression and sexual dimorphism of AAAs.

240 te aortic vascular biology and contribute to sexual dimorphism of AAAs.

241 itive-feedback mechanism contributing to the sexual dimorphism of autoimmune diseases.

242 s and inflammation, which contributes to the sexual dimorphism of autoimmunity and protection against

243 r to represent a major factor underlying the sexual dimorphism of gene expression in lacrimal tissue.

244 actors and their targets are central for the sexual dimorphism of HCC.

245 INTERPRETATION: Organization and sexual dimorphism of human spinal galaninergic neurons w

246 Organization and sexual dimorphism of human spinal galaninergic neurons w

247 ental dynamism, spatial heterochonicity, and sexual dimorphism of human subcortical maturation, these

248 n males, but not females, in accord with the sexual dimorphism of neural circuitry and vocal learning

249 Sexual dimorphism of neurons and astrocytes has been dem

250 rated in different centers of the brain, but sexual dimorphism of oligodendrocytes and myelin has not

251 However, mechanisms for sexual dimorphism of regional aortic angiotensin recepto

252 We further computed the average sexual dimorphism of species on islands and tested wheth

253 or neural testosterone may contribute to the sexual dimorphism of synapse density observed here.

254 This study investigated the pronounced sexual dimorphism of the peripheral olfactory system and

255 There was a sexual dimorphism of the plasma sFasL levels.

256 rs are higher in the eusocial honeybee and a sexual dimorphism of the relative investment in mushroom

257 The sexual dimorphism of the Rhynie chert gametophytes is in

258 rotein secretion, and may play a role in the sexual dimorphism of this adipokine.

259 teroclitus) hypothalamus to evaluate whether sexual dimorphism of this brain region exists in fishes

260 Sexual dimorphism, one of the most obvious results of se

261 excitatory synapses, we found no evidence of sexual dimorphism or laterality in inhibitory synapses.

262 n species) or perturbations of large effect (sexual dimorphism or strong loss-of-function mutations)

263 ion to the known role of dsx in establishing sexual dimorphism outside the central nervous system, th

264 owever, this intuitive proximal solution for sexual dimorphism potentially belies a complex interacti

265 kinase A pathway diminished the contractile sexual dimorphisms previously observed.

266 longevity of adults, male-biased sex ratio, sexual dimorphism, protogyny, parthenogenesis, and ovipo

267 her facilitate or constrain the evolution of sexual dimorphism, rather than to resolve any perceived

268 es, the molecular mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism remain largely unknown.

269 with disruption by CPF of normal behavioral sexual dimorphisms reported in animal models.

270 Comparison of males and females for sexual dimorphisms revealed no significant differences i

271 There is extraordinary diversity in sexual dimorphism (SD) among animals, but little is know

272 Sexual dimorphism (SD) is a defining feature of gonochor

273 ot females, providing an explanation for the sexual dimorphism seen in Pms2-/- mice.

274 This sexual dimorphism suggests that male mice cannot be used

275 thesized that the level of AIRE is linked to sexual dimorphism susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.

276 3) crosses from the hybrid species show less sexual dimorphism than the parental species.

277 ndors vary largely in weight and show a huge sexual dimorphism that allowed us to evaluate the effect

278 1 hypomorphic mice, possibly paralleling the sexual dimorphism that is characteristic of the genetic

279 ited polymorphisms are an intriguing form of sexual dimorphism that offer unique opportunities to rec

280 will focus on describing the cardiovascular sexual dimorphisms that exist both physiologically and i

281 therefore, likely results from physiological sexual dimorphisms that precede sexual maturation.

282 evelopment and steroidogenesis, resulting in sexual dimorphisms, the severity of which differs signif

283 Combined with estimates of sexual dimorphism, this pattern suggests that male repro

284 These results suggest that TRA-1 controls sexual dimorphism through a small number of intermediary

285 as facilitated the transition from a regular sexual dimorphism to a reversed sexual dimorphism in thi

286 nt; together, these genes impart substantial sexual dimorphism to liver metabolic function and pathop

287 Neuronal sexual dimorphisms typically represent quantitative diff

288 otes ( 100 kbp) with comprehensive tests for sexual dimorphism using >1300 individuals from two Popul

289 Sexual dimorphism (variation in outcome related to sex)

290 Surprisingly, this apparent sexual dimorphism was generated by plasticity, as exposu

291 in SjS and elucidate its involvement in the sexual dimorphism, we examined the systemic effect of IL

292 bony pelvis of adult humans exhibits marked sexual dimorphism, which is traditionally interpreted in

293 ted evolution of male size, female size, and sexual dimorphism, which suggests that polymorphism loss

294 ot T cells or dendritic cells, mediated this sexual dimorphism, which was dependent on the presence o

295 e population, especially taking into account sexual dimorphisms, will aid recognition of the clinical

296 rrelates of intelligence, however, exhibit a sexual dimorphism, with a more pronounced association to

297 It also exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism, with placentae of females more sensit

298 body size variation and, probably, degree of sexual dimorphism within a single species of bipedal hom

299 rmation predicts the degree and direction of sexual dimorphism within species, it allows the classifi

300 neurocalcin may be important for regulating sexual dimorphisms within the neural song system at a sp