ライフサイエンスコーパス: shale

1 measurement for nanoporous material such as shale.

2 cigenia sparsa from the mid-Cambrian Burgess Shale.

3 t GHG intensive primary fuel followed by oil shale.

4 r the emissions source region of the Barnett Shale.

5 ility at a compressor station in the Barnett Shale.

6 Pennsylvania and 2100-3100 Mt in the Barnett Shale.

7 fracturing of the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale.

8 global growth in oil and gas extraction from shale.

9 lectron acceptors were attenuated within the shale.

10 ffect fracture evolution in a carbonate-rich shale.

11 r all these samples except Marcellus outcrop shale.

12 as being possibly older than that of Barnett Shale.

13 r or CO2 for gas production in the Marcellus shale.

14 an artificially matured series of New Albany Shales.

15 ced water in cooler, more acidic, and saline shales.

16 the presence of clays and other minerals in shales.

17 ell as modern, Cretaceous, and Archean black shales.

18 er-hosted and clay-associated pores in these shales.

19 d Knudsen diffusion within the reconstructed shales.

20 s 2D images in order to develop 3D models of shales.

21 as transport mechanisms in the reconstructed shales.

22 mu-scale in typical, low bulk Se containing shales.

23 hways through the porous/permeable phases in shales.

24 ations and in groundwater systems containing shales.

25 ock that define the anisotropic behaviour of shales.

26 of propane and butane sorption isotherms in shales.

27 bout 4,700 iron-speciation measurements from shales 2,300 to 360 million years old.

28 place unconventional oils (oil sands and oil shale) alongside shale gas, coal, lignite, wood and conv

29 main focus is on the extraction of methane, shale also contains significant amounts of non-methane h

30 Type I kerogen was isolated from Green River Shale and characterized using SEM, TGA, DSC, and nitroge

31 n the basis of new material from the Burgess Shale and exceptionally preserved material collected nea

32 ilable data suggest that the permeability of shale and mudstone seals is heavily dependent on clay fr

33 brian hyolith Haplophrentis from the Burgess Shale and Spence Shale Lagerstatten.

34 mplete set of stable noble gases for Barnett Shale and Strawn Group production gas together with stra

35 round an existing well between the Marcellus Shale and the shallower and lower-pressure Bradford Form

36 Production of oil from shale and tight reservoirs accounted for almost 50% of 2

37 iso-butane as well as carbon dioxide for two shales and isolated kerogens determined by a gravimetric

38 ol microbial activity in hot and/or alkaline shales, and may return along with its aqueous transforma

39 methane emissions quantified in the Barnett Shale are derived from fossil sources.

40 Porous structures of shales are reconstructed using the markov chain monte ca

41 Atmospheric mercury emissions in the Barnett Shale area were studied by employing both stationary mea

42 o a significant source of CH4 in the Barnett Shale area, and they should be accounted for in the regi

43 sion rate of 1.5 x 10(5) kg/h in the Barnett Shale area.

44 Natural Gas (ONG) operations in the Barnett Shale area.

45 e shale oil development using the Eagle Ford Shale as a case study.

46 emical and mechanical heterogeneity of OM in shale at the nanoscale, orders of magnitude finer than a

47 or comparison, equivalent non-fossil-bearing shales at adjacent sections.

48 rends towards lower delta(82/76)Se values in shales before and after all Neoproterozoic glaciations,

49 parable to fossils from the Cambrian Burgess Shale biota.

50 h the capillary pressure of water/oil/gas in shale can be obtained from MICP.

51 antiscalants in experiments with and without shale contact and is driven in part by addition of disso

52 During the Barnett Shale Coordinated Campaign in October, 2013, ground-base

53 ic measurements conducted during the Barnett Shale Coordinated Campaign in spring and fall of 2013 ar

54 Bench-top methane production tests of shale core and produced fluids suggest that these organi

55 DNA was extracted from Marcellus Shale core samples, preinjected fluids, and produced flu

56 g different HFFs through fractured Marcellus shale cores at reservoir temperature and pressure (66 de

57 Methanogens present in shale cores were similar to methanogens in produced flui

58 ervals that may be affected by new Marcellus shale development are identified.

59 water resources are used for unconventional shale development in Northeastern Colorado.

60 Pressure and shale did not affect GA transformation and/or removal fr

61 Emerging shale energy case studies in Wyoming, Pennsylvania, Nort

62 Although shale energy development can bring infusions of money an

63 rm our knowledge of risk to communities from shale energy development, while identifying gaps in our

64 The exploration of unconventional shale energy reserves and the extensive use of hydraulic

65 r sclerite" in the (middle Cambrian) Burgess Shale euarthropods Helmetia expansa and Odaraia alata an

66 e reactions, such as through the reaction of shale-extracted chloride, bromide, and iodide with stron

67 hane found in groundwater within the Barnett Shale footprint in Texas using dissolved noble gases, wi

68 Hydraulic fracturing of shale for gas production in Pennsylvania generates large

69 arnett Coordinated Campaign over the Barnett Shale formation in Texas.

70 drawing from aquifers overlying the Barnett shale formation of Texas.

71 al fossils of Cambaytherium, from the Cambay Shale Formation, Gujarat, India (~54.5 Myr).

72 ace flow of these fluids from the underlying shale formation.

73 stewaters that originated from the Marcellus Shale formation.

74 mful namely those compounds originating from shale formations (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

75 cturing have sparked a natural gas boom from shale formations in the United States.

76 d for more accessible energy resources makes shale formations increasingly important.

77 rface following hydraulic fracturing of deep shale formations to retrieve oil and natural gas.

78 FF from the Marcellus and Fayetteville black shale formations were distinct in most cases from produc

79 e oil and gas extraction from unconventional shale formations.

80 ry standard for extracting hydrocarbons from shale formations.

81 Shale fragments of field-collected specimens were proces

82 izing macro-organisms in thinly bedded black shale from Zavkhan Province, western Mongolia.

83 natural gas production sites in the Barnett Shale; functionally superemitting sites accounted for ro

84 an opportunity for using both raw materials (shale gas and CO2 ) in a single process.

85 The expansion of unconventional shale gas and hydraulic fracturing has increased the vol

86 e last decade due to the interest to exploit shale gas and renewable resources to obtain the gaseous

87 d methane emission estimates in a major U.S. shale gas basin resolved from west to east show (i) simi

88 Coalbed methane (CBM) and shale gas become two most important unconventional natur

89 The recent shale gas boom combined with the requirement to reduce a

90 rowth in U.S. ethylene production due to the shale gas boom is affecting the U.S. chemical industry's

91 nanofluidic transport, have implications for shale gas but more generally for transport in nanoporous

92 as natural gas constituents, from Marcellus shale gas development activities contribute to uncertain

93 Several studies suggest that shale gas development contributes to ambient air concent

94 ion in regional water issues associated with shale gas development in the U.S. and the approaches of

95 s study, we examine the potential impacts of shale gas development on regional NOx emission inventori

96 rstanding of the unique regional issues that shale gas development poses.

97 DBPs in drinking water utilities in areas of shale gas development requires comprehensive monitoring

98 The rapid rise of shale gas development through horizontal drilling and hi

99 surface water impacts in areas of intensive shale gas development, and the accumulation of radium is

100 ("fracking") fluids used for unconventional shale gas development.

101 ons or during periods of drought could limit shale gas development.

102 ude of these risks in the current context of shale gas development.

103 lying formations and aquifers from Marcellus Shale gas drilling operations is a public concern.

104 mpact assessment methods estimate the HTI of shale gas electricity to be 1-2 orders of magnitude less

105 However, there has been a moratorium on shale gas exploration since 2010.

106 ction activity, NOx emissions densities from shale gas extraction are substantial and are estimated t

107 NORM) in wastewater generated from Marcellus Shale gas extraction is of great concern due to potentia

108 tal release of wastewaters, are novel to the shale gas extraction process making it harder to predict

109 d (iii) spatial relationships between active shale gas extraction wells and wells with disclosed envi

110 is of great research interests for optimized shale gas extraction.

111 e release in shale matrix-a limiting step in shale gas extraction.

112 Organic contaminants in shale gas flowback and produced water (FPW) are traditio

113 mponent (CO2 and CH4) model of gas flow in a shale gas formation including adsorption effects provide

114 l model of two-phase water and gas flow in a shale gas formation to test the hypothesis that the rema

115 Hydraulic fracturing in shale gas formations involves the injection of large vol

116 possibility of CO2 sequestration in depleted shale gas formations, motivated by large storage capacit

117 We briefly review emerging approaches to shale gas governance in other nations, and consider new

118 The rapidly evolving landscape of shale gas governance in the U.S. is also assessed, notin

119 stimate of the lifecycle carbon footprint of shale gas in China could be approximately 15-60% higher

120 We find shale gas in China has a good chance of delivering air q

121 The low-cost and abundant supply of shale gas in the United States has increased the interes

122 cantly to better management practices as the shale gas industry expands worldwide.

123 find the mean lifecycle carbon footprint of shale gas is about 30-50% lower than that of coal in all

124 ty impact (HTI) of electricity produced from shale gas is lower than the HTI of electricity produced

125 Shale gas is primarily made up of methane, but ethane co

126 fluence on life cycle GHG emissions, whereby shale gas life cycle GHG emissions could approach the ra

127 ong populations living in close proximity to shale gas operations.

128 ons of the extent of recoverable reserves in shale gas plays globally.

129 yl sulfate) and mineral oil, as well as with shale gas produced water.

130 challenging industrial wastewaters, such as shale gas produced water.

131 set stationary source emission reductions in shale gas producing regions of the U.S.

132 anian surface waters following the Marcellus Shale gas production boom.

133 Despite massive success of shale gas production in the US in the last few decades t

134 CO2 greenhouse gas emissions associated with shale gas production make its lifecycle emissions higher

135 ted networks is an effective way to increase shale gas production.

136 an effective way to capture heterogeneity of shale gas reservoir.

137 during the hydraulic fracturing treatment in shale gas reservoirs.

138 As the environmental impact of shale gas rises, identifying functional relations betwee

139 We then apply CO/RE to three types of shale gas risks, to illustrate its potential utility to

140 Further, an implausible shale gas scenario where all fracturing fluid and untrea

141 nd contributes valuable comparisons to other shale gas studies.

142 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from China's shale gas system and compares them with GHG emissions fr

143 mpting to duplicate the rapid development of shale gas that has taken place in the United States.

144 d data prior to the eventual exploitation of shale gas through hydraulic fracturing.

145 ing Knudsen diffusion always plays a role on shale gas transport mechanisms in the reconstructed shal

146 wastewater generation impacts of a Marcellus shale gas well from its construction to end of life.

147 the life cycle water impacts of a Marcellus shale gas well.

148 We investigated a case where Marcellus Shale gas wells in Pennsylvania caused inundation of nat

149 incidence of cement and/or casing issues for shale gas wells relative to conventional wells.

150 ty of injection of large amounts of CO2 into shale gas wells.

151 ere also observed in flowback from Marcellus Shale gas wells.

152 bon recovery from unconventional reservoirs (shale gas) is debated due to its environmental impact an

153 both from conventional natural gas and from shale gas, are explicitly analyzed.

154 nal oils (oil sands and oil shale) alongside shale gas, coal, lignite, wood and conventional oil and

155 GHG emissions for electricity produced from shale gas, conventionally produced natural gas, and coal

156 rom unconventional reservoirs, the so-called shale gas, has exploded recently, reliable predictions o

157 of unconventional natural gas, particularly shale gas, have served to dramatically increase domestic

158 zation of ethane, a significant component of shale gas, to products such as ethylene or ethanol at lo

159 ssion reductions when switching from coal to shale gas, we estimate the breakeven methane leakage rat

160 Application to three shale gas-producing regions shows that CO2 can only be i

161 CO2 reduction pathway, not from thermogenic shale gas.

162 ocarbons from unconventional sources such as shale gas.

163 atural gas prices will be lower than without shale gas.

164 her for the treatment of produced water from shale gas/oil development, or minimizing the environment

165 The environmental impacts of shale-gas development on water resources, including meth

166 hod to assess groundwater contamination from shale-gas development.

167 environmental and economic sustainability of shale-gas extraction.

168 In the Marcellus Formation shale-gas play of northern Pennsylvania (U.S.A.), we sam

169 , (4)He, (20)Ne, (36)Ar) in groundwater near shale-gas wells.

170 Natural gas extraction from Marcellus Shale generates large quantities of flowback water that

171 The organic content of shale has become of commercial interest as a source of h

172 In Quebec (Canada), the Utica Shale has been identified as having unconventional gas p

173 signatures of biogenic methane in this deep shale have recently been discovered.

174 Shales have a well-known anisotropic directional permeab

175 ly for the high iodide (54 ppm) Fayetteville Shale HFW.

176 whether these chemicals, injected into deep shale horizons, reach shallow groundwater aquifers and a

177 dox study of late Ediacaran (ca. 560-551 Ma) shales hosting the Miaohe Konservat-Lagerstatte of South

178 ltural, and urban CH4 sources in the Barnett Shale hydraulic fracturing region near Fort Worth, Texas

179 plays, but relatively little is known about shale-hydraulic fracturing fluid (HFF) reactions within

180 he Eagle Ford, Fayetteville, and Haynesville Shale hydrocarbon production areas were sampled for chem

181 te residential wells overlying the Marcellus Shale in northeastern Pennsylvania.

182 ed capacity of 7200-9600 Mt in the Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania and 2100-3100 Mt in the Barnett Sh

183 The Marcellus Shale in the northeastern U.S. has seen dramatic increas

184 onsumptive water intensity of unconventional shale in the Wattenberg is compared with the consumptive

185 eatures controlling hydrocarbon release from shales in hydraulic fracture systems, organic matter dec

186 In the Barnett Shale, intermittent sources accounted for 14-30% of the

187 uper-emitters" in a newly formulated Barnett Shale Inventory, demonstrating the importance of targete

188 Shale is an increasingly viable source of natural gas an

189 n of oil and natural gas (hydrocarbons) from shale is increasing rapidly in North America, with docum

190 Understanding the gas adsorption behavior on shale is necessary for the design of optimal gas recover

191 nal hydrocarbon production from organic-rich shale is that hydraulic fracture stimulation could creat

192 The Marcellus Shale is the largest natural gas deposit in the U.S. and

193 Our results reveal that oil shale is the most energy intensive fuel among upgraded p

194 ight reservoirs such as tight sandstones and shales is crucial for extracting oil/gas from such reser

195 The permeability of shales is important, because it controls where oil and g

196 on results reveal that the tortuosity of the shales is much higher than that commonly employed in the

197 aracterization analysis of the reconstructed shales is performed, including porosity, pore size distr

198 Pyrite, which is common in organic-rich shales, is a potential source of toxic elements, includi

199 ly source and that they may be native to the shale itself.

200 lophrentis from the Burgess Shale and Spence Shale Lagerstatten.

201 ique often used to extract hydrocarbons from shales, large volumes of water are injected into the sub

202 solution of carbonate minerals in Eagle Ford shale leads to the physical detachment, and mobilization

203 ecimens from several middle Cambrian Burgess Shale localities in British Columbia, many of which pres

204 a some 40 km from Walcott's original Burgess Shale locality includes over 50 taxa, some 20% new to sc

205 The gas flow in shale matrix is of great research interests for optimize

206 hanistic understanding of methane release in shale matrix-a limiting step in shale gas extraction.

207 rediction of gas adsorption and migration in shale matrix.

208 at mineral changes from HFF interaction with shale might have on gas production.

209 of methane and ethane measured in the Bakken shale, more than double the expected value if 98% effici

210 of mercury droplets confined in organic-rich shale nanopores.

211 --Darcy's law--fails to predict transport in shales nanoporous matrix (kerogen).

212 ntration data were collected, in the Barnett Shale Natural Gas Production Region, using automated gas

213 Marcellus Shale occurs at depths of 1.5-2.5 km (5000 to 8000 feet)

214 l crust exposed to weathering and found that shales of all ages have a uniform isotopic composition.

215 ues from approximately 2.31-billion-year-old shales of the Rooihoogte and Timeball Hill formations in

216 ventional Saudi oil 0.040 tCO2e/bbl or mined shale oil >0.300 tCO2e/bbl.

217 The environmental impact of shale oil and gas production by hydraulic fracturing (fr

218 With shale oil and gas resources on nearly every continent, t

219 a from a coordinated campaign in the Barnett Shale oil and gas-producing region of Texas, we find tha

220 aft during the 2013 Southeast Nexus and 2015 Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus campaigns.

221 was to quantify the water outlook for future shale oil development using the Eagle Ford Shale as a ca

222 ther those methanogens are indigenous to the shale or are introduced during drilling and hydraulic fr

223 lecular weight PAM, including the effects of shale, oxygen, temperature, pressure, and salinity.

224 lution of water use in the longest-producing shale play is invaluable for assessing its water footpri

225 il and natural gas development in the Bakken shale play of North Dakota has grown substantially since

226 species range or habitat type and one of the shale plays (leading to high vulnerability) coupled with

227 ring for gas production is now ubiquitous in shale plays, but relatively little is known about shale-

228 In contrast to observations from other shale plays, elevated volatile organic compounds, other

229 d sites and the public are adequate in three shale plays.

230 ring in the Marcellus, Barnett, and Niobrara Shale Plays.

231 within the Marcellus, Barnett, and Niobrara Shale Plays.

232 spite significant capacity variation between shale plays.

233 s size distributions and low connectivity of shale pores.

234 t atmospheric noble gas signature of Barnett Shale production gas.

235 natural gas production sites in the Barnett Shale production region (Texas).

236 anes from oil and gas sources in the Barnett Shale production region has been developed.

237 ough a single fracture mini-core of Niobrara Shale provided the experimental observations for the dev

238 Extensive material from the Burgess Shale provides a detailed picture of its morphology and

239 l methane emissions in the 25-county Barnett Shale region in October 2013 were estimated to be 72,300

240 producing well pad facilities in the Barnett Shale region of Texas, measured using an innovative grou

241 measurement flights conducted in the Barnett Shale region versus the estimated emission rates for eac

242 Our estimate of O&G emissions in the Barnett Shale region was higher than alternative inventories bas

243 ustry (O&G) and other sources in the Barnett Shale region were estimated by constructing a spatially

244 mobile flux plane (MFP) system and a Barnett Shale regional methane emissions inventory, the rates of

245 and the average values can be obtained from shale reservoir data.

246 wells, this PW cannot be reinjected into the shale reservoirs but is disposed into nonproducing geolo

247 Extensive development of shale resources has occurred within the United States ov

248 er wells overlying the Marcellus and Barnett Shales, respectively, examining hydrocarbon abundance an

249 metabolite data from the Marcellus and Utica shales revealed that many of the persisting organisms pl

250 e Permian Basin is being transformed by the "shale revolution" from a major conventional play to the

251 that the remaining water is imbibed into the shale rock by capillary forces and retained there indefi

252 of hydrocarbons from economically important shale rock formations.

253 the shale system, with most imbibed into the shale rock matrix and retained there for the long term.

254 enewable sources and hydraulic fracturing of shale rock.

255 The shale sample adsorbed some PAM ( approximately 30%), but

256 lickwater fracturing fluid exposed to both a shale sample collected from a Marcellus outcrop and to M

257 oyed to study the pore structure of four oil shale samples from leading Niobrara, Wolfcamp, Bakken, a

258 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of shale samples from Sichuan Basin, China.

259 ng measurements of adsorbed CO2 in Marcellus Shale samples were conducted on the Near and InterMediat

260 In this study, two coal and two shale samples were evaluated to estimate fractal dimensi

261 find that delta(82/78)Se values in offshore shales show a positive excursion from 2.32 Ga until 2.1

262 cluding gas production from conventional and shale sources, contributed approximately 2% of U.S. natu

263 delta(65)CuERM-AE633) in organic carbon-rich shales spanning the period 2.66-2.08 Ga.

264 issions from natural gas production (Barnett Shale Special Emissions Inventory) prepared by the Texas

265 With respect to shale standards, the REY distribution pattern in AMD is

266 es pyrite particles became detached from the shale surfaces.

267 The method is used to develop a model for a shale system for which the full 3D image is available an

268 jected water can be accounted for within the shale system, with most imbibed into the shale rock matr

269 to understanding multiphase flow behavior in shale systems.

270 eogeographic ranges and longevity of Burgess Shale taxa may be underestimated.

271 il and natural gas operations in the Barnett Shale, Texas, using airborne atmospheric measurements.

272 t high-emitting point sources in the Barnett Shale, Texas, using aircraft-based methods performed as

273 his work and a previous study on the Barnett shale, the combined ozone impact of increased natural ga

274 a unique aspect of complex pore structure of shale, the discrepancy between pore structure results fr

275 bon production from source rocks such as gas shale, the interplay between kerogen's chemistry, morpho

276 at despite the vast numbers of micropores in shale, the micropores will be unavailable for storage fo

277 ermeability unconventional formations (e.g., shales, tight sands, and coal seams) has raised concern

278 western Pennsylvania region of the Marcellus Shale to investigate the impact of unconventional natura

279 easured the titanium isotopic composition of shales to constrain the chemical composition of the cont

280 ydraulic fracturing fluids are injected into shales to extend fracture networks that enhance oil and

281 (GOE), and is traceable through Phanerozoic shales to modern marine settings, where marine dissolved

282 xceptional preservation are known as Burgess Shale-type (BST) deposits.

283 The Cambrian Burgess Shale-type biotas form a globally consistent ecosystem,

284 any lineages typical of the Cambrian Burgess Shale-type biotas, but the most abundant groups were spo

285 h Columbia, and three other Cambrian Burgess Shale-type deposits from Laurentia.

286 laeobiogeographic connection between Burgess Shale-type euarthropod communities in North Africa and S

287 Burgess Shale-type fossil assemblages provide the best evidence

288 This is consistent with models of Burgess Shale-type preservation and indicates that internal tiss

289 erved from the studied region of the Barnett Shale was 6.6 +/- 0.2 x 10(3) kg hr(-1) and consistent a

290 the 'weird wonders' of the Cambrian Burgess Shale, was to consider them representatives of extinct p

291 for collision mode) for synthetic Marcellus Shale wastewater (MSW) samples with total dissolved soli

292 This study investigated six Fayetteville Shale wastewater samples for organic composition using a

293 omprehensive available to date for Marcellus Shale wastewater.

294 mated total capacity of an average Marcellus Shale well in Pennsylvania is 0.5 million metric tonnes

295 If all the Marcellus shale well wastewater is treated to surface discharge st

296 our water management scenarios for Marcellus shale well wastewater were assessed: current conditions

297 compared with 0.15 Mt in an average Barnett Shale well.

298 and natural gas production in the Eagle Ford shale were estimated at various natural gas price points

299 The sorption measurements of two shales were performed at three different temperatures, 3

300 omprehensive model for real gas transport in shales with complex non-planar fracture network.