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1 interventions were at least as acceptable as sham.
2 and deep rTMS) were not more effective than sham.
3 and early reperfusion with RIPC and/or with sham.
4 50% of patients with active DBS compared to sham.
7 The control conditions were as follows: (1) sham, (2) transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) i
8 to 12 (3.6-22.5) at follow-up, compared with sham: 22.8 (8.4-38.2) at baseline to 16.8 (4.8-33.6) at
9 ment (PENFS: median score 5.0 [IQR 4.0-7.0]; sham: 7.0 [5.0-9.0]; least square means estimate of chan
10 aseline to 6.0 (5.0-8.0) at follow-up versus sham: 7.5 (6.0-9.0) at baseline to 7.0 (5.0-8.0) at foll
12 alesional hand area following verum, but not sham, acupuncture; (ii) ipsilesional hand area following
13 hand area following local, but not distal or sham, acupuncture; and (iii) ipsilesional leg area follo
15 reater reduction in worst pain compared with sham after 3 weeks of treatment (PENFS: median score 5.0
22 airwise comparisons (ranibizumab, 0.5 mg, vs sham and laser; ranibizumab, 0.3 mg, vs sham) were perfo
23 unction, and blood pressure were examined in sham and mineralocorticoid excess-treated mice with a co
27 A (PCoA) in isolated heart mitochondria from Sham and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic (T
28 H2O2 emission flux, increasing thereafter in Sham and T1DM GPs under both states 4 and 3 respiration
29 cium dynamics in myocytes from control rats (SHAM) and aortic-banded rats exhibiting diastolic dysfun
34 ial duration (APD) in TAC and leptin-treated sham animals, whereas, following TAC, leptin reduced the
35 h-threshold CSNs from CCI mice compared with sham animals, with no differences in cold-induced TRPM8-
37 (TB: 0.56 +/- 0.32, P = .003) and extranasal sham application (IB: 0.37 +/- 0.29, P = .001) (TB: 0.39
38 hich brain responses to light touch (but not sham) are attenuated at the time of discharge from the h
39 l, and Young's modulus was 2-fold greater in shams at 1 week post ligation, and 3-fold greater 2 week
40 lied NMDA inhibited IA in MNCs obtained from sham, but not in MNCs from renovascular hypertensive (RV
46 in a greater reduction in PCWP compared with sham control (P=0.028 accounting for all stages of exerc
48 eatment group underwent standard CXL and the sham control group received riboflavin alone without rem
49 atment group underwent standard CXL, and the sham control group received riboflavin alone without rem
50 required for NADPH oxidase activation, than sham control kidneys, and genetic deletion of Rac1 in SM
53 the integrated FAME data set, compared with sham control-treated subjects, time to first PDR event w
61 ference in response during the double-blind, sham-controlled phase (12 [20%] patients in the stimulat
63 0 mA) for both anodal and cathodal tDCS in a sham-controlled repeated measures design, monitoring cha
70 METHODS AND In the current, double-blind, sham-controlled, all-comer trial, patients undergoing di
71 We conducted a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, phase 3 efficacy and safety trial of nu
73 shortening %, 27.53 +/- 0.50) compared with sham controls (ejection fraction %, 73.57 +/- 0.20; frac
75 ficantly lower in the real RDN group than in sham controls; damaged nerves were found only in the rea
77 severity compared with subjects who received sham; conversely, fewer subjects treated with FAc experi
78 tter and randomised to 6 months of active or sham DBS, followed by 6 months of open-label subcallosal
80 at 30 pulses/min for 12 months (group A), or sham DDI mode for 12 months followed by DDD-CLS pacing f
81 her DDD-CLS pacing for 12 months followed by sham DDI mode pacing at 30 pulses/min for 12 months (gro
82 mised double-blind trial comparing active to sham deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the anterior limb o
84 nvestigated within the framework of the Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(
85 ds is presented within the framework of Kohn-Sham density functional theory based on spin projection
90 on the low FODMAP diet (173 +/- 95) than the sham diet (224 +/- 89) (P = .001), but not different bet
91 diet (8.8 rRNA genes/g) than patients on the sham diet (9.2 rRNA genes/g) (P = .008), but higher in p
92 ad adequate symptom relief (57%) than in the sham diet group (38%), although the difference was not s
94 ded) to groups given counselling to follow a sham diet or diet low in FODMAPs for 4 weeks, along with
96 ulation, resulting in 4 groups (27 receiving sham diet/placebo, 26 receiving sham diet/probiotic, 24
97 27 receiving sham diet/placebo, 26 receiving sham diet/probiotic, 24 receiving low FODMAP diet /place
98 l to the more affected hand; and (iii) local sham electro-acupuncture using non-penetrating placebo n
99 e BE segment ablated circumferentially) or a sham endoscopic procedure; patients in the sham group we
105 hort (Michigan, n = 16) underwent 4 weeks of sham followed by open-label rTMS for nonresponders (n =
106 S, patients were randomized to active DBS or sham for 3 months, followed by crossover for another 3-m
107 16.8-33.3] to 8.4 [3.2-16.2]) compared with sham (from 22.8 [IQR 8.4-38.2] to 15.2 [4.4-36.8]) with
108 turbance score improved by 3.2 vs 0.1 in the sham group (difference, -3.0; 95% CI, -4.3 to -1.7; P <
109 n the YAG laser group and by -0.6 letters in sham group (difference, 0.4; 95% CI, -6.5 to 5.3; P = .9
110 ly improved symptoms vs 0 individuals in the sham group (difference, 53%; 95% CI, 36%-69%, P < .001).
113 a sham endoscopic procedure; patients in the sham group were offered RFA treatment 1 year later, and
114 reatment (n=1 in the PENFS group; n=7 in the sham group) and those who were excluded after randomisat
115 disease (n=2 in the PENFS group; n=1 in the sham group), 57 patients in the PENFS group and 47 patie
116 (n=6; three in the PENFS group, three in the sham group), adhesive allergy (n=3; one in the PENFS gro
117 rgy (n=3; one in the PENFS group, two in the sham group), and syncope due to needle phobia (n=1; in t
118 ix animals in each group) into sham surgery (sham group), left anterior descending (LAD) ligation of
121 In the anodal tDCS group, compared with the sham group, VAS ratings for hunger and the urge to eat d
125 perforation technique, whereas the control (sham) group was subjected to abdominal surgery without c
127 diac MSCs and subcutaneous MSCs from LVD and sham hearts did not improve LV remodeling and function,
129 s forms of aura symptoms induced by hypoxia, sham hypoxia, or physical exercise with concurrent photo
130 test this, young female SD rats were either sham implanted or implanted s.c. with slow-release E2 pe
131 in combination with ranibizumab 0.5 mg, and sham in combination with ranibizumab 0.5 mg (anti-VEGF m
133 ocal and distal) acupuncture was superior to sham in producing improvements in neurophysiological out
138 mg) every 8 weeks after 5 monthly doses with sham injections on nontreatment visits starting at week
142 ion in the irradiated samples to that of the sham-irradiated ones varied from 0.6 to 0.8 after 0.2 Gy
143 THODS AND Ten pigs were randomized to either sham irradiation or irradiation of the atrioventricular
144 d structure of the exact multiplicative Kohn-Sham (KS) potential substantially underestimates the fun
145 ard expression for the work function in Kohn-Sham (KS) theory is shown to be valid in generalized KS
147 weeks transverse aortic constriction versus sham, linked to enhanced insulin signaling in liver and
148 to-noise ratio (CNR) was found compared with sham (mean CNR, 1.81 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.53
149 n increased CNR was also found compared with sham mice (mean CNR, 1.33 [95% CI: 1.27, 1.40] vs 0.98 [
150 e convulsant pentylenetetrazol compared with sham mice, associated with abnormal hippocampal mossy fi
154 ) surgery and compared among 4 study groups: SHAM (n = 10), TAC (n = 12), MET (metoprolol, positive d
155 nd after 20 min of 1.5 mA anodal (n = 18) or sham (n = 14) tDCS applied to the right posterolateral c
159 s were randomly assigned to active (n=60) or sham (n=30) stimulation between April 10, 2008, and Nov
163 nd calcium dynamics in myocytes from control sham operated rats and aortic-banded rats exhibiting dia
164 rats had increased TNF and NFkB compared to sham operated rats, and their reduction by IFX was assoc
170 When subjected to LPS or CLP, compared with sham-operated controls, CKD mice exhibited exacerbation
172 d to the epicardial surface of infarcted and sham-operated hearts in which a suture was placed around
173 Swiss male mice were randomly assigned to Sham-operated mice (n = 10), MCAO mice receiving the veh
177 rats with a range of infarct sizes, plus 14 sham-operated rats, were examined by cine and phase-cont
179 implants in the surgical legs compared with sham-operated surgical legs without implant placement an
180 yperammonemic portacaval anastomosis rat and sham-operated, pair-fed Sprague-Dawley rats treated with
182 ilateral common carotid artery stenosis or a sham operation and fed normal or cilostazol diet for thr
183 sed in WT mice compared to mice undergoing a sham operation, however leukocyte attachment was reduced
187 n ambulatory settings with SMT compared with sham or alternative treatments, and that measured pain o
189 pe (WT) and Kit(W-sh) mice were subjected to sham or BDL for up to 7 days and Kit(W-sh) mice were inj
190 ep) mice (8 weeks of age) were randomized to sham or burn injury consisting of a dorsal scald burn in
197 s were randomized (1:1) to the IASD versus a sham procedure (femoral venous access with intracardiac
198 ubjects randomized to medical therapy with a sham procedure (right heart catheterization) versus medi
199 ere randomized (2:1) to FUS thalamotomy or a sham procedure at 2 centers from October18, 2012, to Jan
203 s was performed in mice after hepatic RFA or sham procedure; mice were sacrificed 24 hours to 7 days
205 RDN (control-RDN, n = 8; CKD-RDN, n = 7) or sham procedures (control-intact, n = 6; CKD-intact, n =
206 c short hair cats (n = 20), underwent either sham procedures (n = 8) or aortic constriction (n = 12)
208 baseline of 23 points (IQR, 14.0-27.0) after sham procedures; the between-group difference was signif
210 by exogenously applied NMDA inhibited IA in sham rats, but this effect was largely blunted in RVH ra
211 onged NMDAR-DeltaCa(2+) responses in MNCs of sham rats, but this effect was occluded in RVH rats, thu
212 rats whereas lidocaine had little effect in sham rats, indicating that the CSAR is tonically active
225 of schizophrenia and saline-treated control (SHAM) rats, in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, my
227 gnificantly above those levels in respective sham-RDN rats, and at the end of the 12-week study, rats
231 mean +/- SD; chronic heart failure (CHF) vs. Sham, respectively] a marked increase in the incidence o
232 early reperfusion with RIPC in comparison to sham revealed a relation to mitochondria and cytoskeleto
236 N3) improved after real-rTMS (and not after sham-rTMS) compared with baseline (p=0.029 and p=0.015,
237 experimental sessions (baseline, real-rTMS, sham-rTMS), all including an N-back task (3 task loads:
238 shortening %, 42.33 +/- 5.70) compared with sham S2814A mice (ejection fraction %, 71.60 +/- 4.02; f
239 least 30,000 scientific papers used the Kohn-Sham scheme of density functional theory to solve electr
242 , average AK clearance was 76% vs 58% on the sham side (P < .01), including 3 patients with complete
245 cantly different between the microneedle and sham sides, 4.5 mm and 3.4 mm (P = .21), respectively.
247 memory was improved by so-tDCS compared with sham stimulation and was associated with stronger synchr
248 S significantly outperformed those receiving sham stimulation on facial emotion, but not identity, pe
256 Renal artery stenosis surgery (n = 10) or sham surgery (n = 5) was performed, and the stenotic and
257 ere grouped (six animals in each group) into sham surgery (sham group), left anterior descending (LAD
258 s then underwent either ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery and thereafter either continued to be fed a
259 ice received a controlled cortical impact or sham surgery at postnatal day 21, approximating a toddle
260 ssible roadmap for the ethical assessment of sham surgery clinical trials (CTs), focusing on methodol
267 dal tDCS (atDCS), cathodal tDCS (ctDCS), and sham tDCS (stDCS) over the left sensorimotor region.
270 patients to receive tDCS plus oral placebo, sham tDCS plus escitalopram, or sham tDCS plus oral plac
273 CS targeted at the left DLPFC (compared with sham tDCS) has an immediate effect on eating behavior du
278 tudy participants received 30 min of real or sham transcranial direct current stimulation applied to
284 in the lungs of bleomycin-treated mice than sham-treated mice, whereas the distribution in other org
285 1) higher in BDL rats (13.6 +/- 3.2) than in sham-treated rats (5.7 +/- 4.2) and in the CCl4-treated
288 enocarcinoma tumors were allocated to RFA or sham treatment with or without a STAT3 inhibitor (S3I-20
289 xt, animals were allocated to hepatic RFA or sham treatment with or without STAT3 (signal transducer
290 trials of 9 nonpharmacologic options versus sham treatment, wait list, or usual care, or of 1 nonpha
292 d two-hour controlled-exposure-experiment to sham under placebo, PM2.5 (250 mug/m(3)) under placebo,
295 ositive airway pressure (CPAP) compared with sham was significantly associated with reduction of AHI
296 rodents (10 cecal ligation and puncture, 10 sham) were killed at 24 hours, and 20 more at 96 hours.
297 , vs sham and laser; ranibizumab, 0.3 mg, vs sham) were performed using Cox proportional hazard regre
298 rved strain and increased work compared with sham, whereas MICHF had reduced longitudinal strain and
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