ライフサイエンスコーパス: shrub

1 ut had contrasting vegetation cover (moss vs shrub).

2 ith hermaphrodites in a common Mediterranean shrub.

3 ted a 78% increase in the height of riparian shrubs.

4 on the elevational limits of trees than tall shrubs.

5 soil layers that are exclusively explored by shrubs.

6 states dominated by water spending invasive shrubs.

7 getation is typically dominated by evergreen shrubs.

8 cluding via increased dominance of deciduous shrubs.

9 relative to phenotypically plastic deciduous shrubs.

10 ommunities that are dominated by resprouting shrubs.

11 ilitated by certain types of nurse trees and shrubs.

12 ly reduced the cover of C3 drought-deciduous shrubs.

13 to systems dominated by broadleaf trees and shrubs.

14 itated than juniper recruitment by trees and shrubs.

15 ss of future dendroclimatological studies on shrubs.

16 a greater impact on the SGS of grassland and shrubs.

17 dingoes relaxed a recruitment bottleneck for shrubs.

18 rimary productivity and in trees relative to shrubs.

19 s, mammal fossils from Kansas and Panamanian shrubs.

20 wo treatments: trenched plots and plots with shrubs.

21 pex predator to the historic encroachment of shrubs.

22 rganic C (SOCorg ) is significantly lower at shrub (2.98 +/- 0.48 kg m(-2) ) and forest (2.04 +/- 0.2

23 ianas (50.1 +/- 16.3%), angiosperm trees and shrubs (26.3 +/- 12.4%), and conifers (7.6 +/- 2.6%).

24 tenuated by the shading effects of trees and shrubs(4-9).

25 ter age (7%), and the presence or absence of shrubs (6%).

26 l beta-arrestin in Drosophila, we identified Shrub, a core component of the ESCRT-III complex as a ke

27 to estimate the impact of greater deciduous shrub abundance and associated shifts in both leaf area

28 These results suggest that greater deciduous shrub abundance increases carbon uptake not only due to

29 determine the influence of greater deciduous shrub abundance on tundra canopy phenology and subsequen

30 regime, made possible by recently developed shrub allometry models.

31 e velocity better than either forest or tall shrub alone, suggesting competitive compensation can be

32 In the Kenai Mountains, mean tall shrub and climate velocities were both 2.8 m y(-1).

33 Our model estimates suggest that fires in shrub and fern understories had significantly greater fi

34 For this reason, shrub and forest expansion (for example, into grasslands

35 itoring study of 43 native and 30 non-native shrub and liana species common to deciduous forests in t

36 In addition, density of poultry, coverage of shrub and temperature played important roles for human H

37 t ecotones since the mid-1960s, but rates of shrub and tree canopy cover expansion were not strongly

38 We quantified changes in tall shrub and tree canopy cover in 11, widely distributed Si

39 We conclude that shrub and tree cover is increasing in tundra ecotones ac

40 The continuation of current trends in shrub and tree expansion could further amplify this atmo

41 Within most landscapes, shrub and tree increase was linked to specific geomorphi

42 ty of different landscape components to tall shrub and tree increase.

43 ontrasting root distributions of grasses and shrubs and competitive interactions among plant types, c

44 s would increase browsing on berry-producing shrubs and decrease fruit availability to grizzly bears.

45 n of HRR, covered by antipredatory features (shrubs and fallen trees), were tested for their relation

46 sistently consumed fewer graminoids and more shrubs and forbs, i.e. eudicots.

47 Our findings suggest that dwarf-shrubs and graminoids prime microbial decomposition of p

48 ming increased height and cover of deciduous shrubs and graminoids, decreased cover of mosses and lic

49 upus), elk (Cervus elaphus), berry-producing shrubs and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in Yellowstone N

50 Our results highlight the importance of shrubs and juniper trees for the facilitation of pinon e

51 ave weaker chilling requirements than native shrubs and leaf out faster in the laboratory and earlier

52 ground plant C stocks, particularly in moss, shrubs and litter.

53 Plant functional types such as shrubs and mosses were affected to a greater degree than

54 clade of worldwide importance as understory shrubs and ornamentals.

55 limate change may both act against evergreen shrubs and the ecosystem functions they provide.

56 Tall shrubs and trees are advancing into many tundra and wetl

57 The total cover of tall shrubs and trees increased in nine of 11 ecotones.

58 Circumpolar expansion of tall shrubs and trees into Arctic tundra is widely thought to

59 The encroachment of woody mangrove shrubs and trees into herbaceous salt marshes may repres

60 -generated vegetation strata (namely, grass, shrubs and trees).

61 l Alaska may be due to competition with tall shrubs and/or more complex climate controls on the eleva

62 educing expression of ACR2 homologs in tree, shrub, and grass species should play a vital role in the

63 Elaeagnus umbellata is a common invasive shrub, and similar impacts on native species might occur

64 For forest, tall shrub, and tundra ecosystems in two pristine mountain ra

65 converted a drought-adapted mosaic of trees, shrubs, and nutritious grasslands to the modern fire-ada

66 when applied to 296 species of woody trees, shrubs, and palms found within the 50-ha Forest Dynamics

67 Short forbs, shrubs, and small trees emerge early in spring and did n

68 number of living trees, biomass of trees and shrubs, and soil C content.

69 among plant life forms (e.g., among grasses, shrubs, and trees) in higher plants.

70 and four angiosperm groups (grasses, herbs, shrubs, and trees).

71 ed into annual herbs, herbaceous perennials, shrubs, and trees.

72 Concurrently, deciduous shrubs are becoming increasingly abundant in tundra land

73 Evergreen dwarf shrubs are disadvantaged in a future sub-Arctic with mor

74 Evidence suggests that deciduous shrubs are increasing in abundance, but the implications

75 responses to environmental change - for the shrub Artemisia californica along a 700 km gradient char

76 f B. tectorum growing under the two dominant shrubs, Artemisia tridentata and Purshia tridentata, and

77 the variability in the SGS of grassland and shrubs, as snow acted as an insulator and modulated the

78 ouse experiments using the California-native shrub Baccharis salicifolia and two ecologically distinc

79 ropods associated with an abundant Brazilian shrub, Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C.

80 and Vaccinium vitis-idaea); (iii) deciduous shrubs (Betula nana and Salix pulchra); and (iv) forbs (

81 eas White-crowned sparrows nested only under shrubs between 20 cm and 1 m in height, with no preferen

82 esent novel dendroecology-based estimates of shrub biomass change under a future climate regime, made

83 Evergreen dwarf shrub biomass decreased (30%) following extreme winter w

84 zation than to N-only fertilization for both shrub biomass production and decomposition suggest that

85 in carbon (C) contained within above-ground shrub biomass, it is modest in comparison with the amoun

86 that out-weighs the increase in above-ground shrub biomass.

87 pecies are considered multipurpose trees and shrubs by FAO and their fruit constitute a food source f

88 ly greater for exclosures dominated by dwarf shrubs (Calluna vulgaris) than by grasses (Molinia caeru

89 er, the interplay between Deltex, Kurtz, and Shrub can bypass this path, leading to the activation of

90 ak season and greater leaf area of deciduous shrub canopies almost tripled the modeled net carbon upt

91 Shrub canopies had higher canopy-dwelling arthropod avai

92 We found that deciduous shrub canopies reached the onset of peak greenness 13 da

93 We compared tree seedlings grown nearby shrub canopy (canopy subplots, CS) and in open space (op

94 nd that high N availability increased native shrub canopy loss and mortality, likely due to the highe

95 of growth variability of the evergreen dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona between 1927 and 2012 in the no

96 The evergreen shrub, Cassiope tetragona, did not respond to either exp

97 Moreover, only few High Arctic shrub chronologies cover the recent decade of substantia

98 llular glandular trichomes of the xerophytic shrub Cistus creticus that accumulate labdane-type diter

99 s dominated by the water use of the invasive shrub Cistus ladanifer, which further increased after th

100 d the modeled net carbon uptake of deciduous shrub communities compared to evergreen/graminoid commun

101 ed in 84% greater carbon uptake in deciduous shrub communities.

102 ographs spanning a 51-year period to compare shrub cover between areas where dingoes are historically

103 As native shrub cover declined, we also observed a concomitant inc

104 evidence that recently observed increases in shrub cover in many tundra regions are in response to cl

105 al temperature in the previous year, whereas shrub cover in shrublands either showed no change or dec

106 ns why in most cases the shift from grass to shrub cover is found to be abrupt and often difficult to

107 esilient to N where no P was added, although shrub cover is still reduced in low-N plots.

108 on mortality levels, areas with low tree and shrub cover may become increasingly juniper dominated as

109 l drainages was likely due to the decline in shrub cover that they use.

110 Shrub cover was 26-48% greater in areas where dingoes we

111 with high pinon mortality and high tree and shrub cover, our results suggest that pinon is regenerat

112 re correlated on the moss site but not under shrub cover, where the canopy reduced the influence of u

113 ra layer was thicker and less variable under shrub cover.

114 ment was greater at sites with more tree and shrub cover.

115 orted the most rapid fire spread, angiosperm shrubs delivered the largest amount of heat per unit are

116 Dwarf shrub dendrochronology may reveal climatological causes

117 Shrub densification has been widely reported across the

118 To understand how increasing deciduous shrub dominance may alter breeding songbird habitat, we

119 plains long-term dynamics in these grass and shrub dominated communities.

120 munity characteristics in both graminoid and shrub dominated tundra.

121 We compared deciduous shrub-dominated and evergreen/graminoid-dominated commun

122 Our results indicate that transition to a shrub-dominated Arctic will increase the rate of C cycli

123 oss 20% of the watershed, primarily in cold, shrub-dominated areas.

124 e changes can occur within decades in moist, shrub-dominated ecotones, as in northwest Siberia, while

125 examined postfire regeneration of chaparral shrubs during an intense drought.

126 ity biomass by promoting growth of deciduous shrubs (dwarf birch and gray willow).

127 eads to non-uniform sampling protocols among shrub ecologists, who will favor either root collars or

128 rstood, inhibiting accurate incorporation of shrub effects into climate models.

129 change, likely driven by the invasion of the shrub, Elaeagnus umbellata, on the nest distribution pat

130 shrub encodes an evolutionarily conserved coiled-coil pr

131 sure, plays a significant role in modulating shrub encroachment and ensuing land degradation processe

132 he hypothesis that dingo removal facilitates shrub encroachment by triggering a four level trophic ca

133 With projected woody shrub encroachment in Arctic tundra and continued warmin

134 gate the role of this feedback in sustaining shrub encroachment in the region.

135 he dingo (Canis dingo), could be a driver of shrub encroachment in the Strzelecki Desert, Australia.

136 d competes with more traditional theories of shrub encroachment involving climate change, management,

137 climate change that might lead to widespread shrub encroachment reducing the provisioning of ecosyste

138 This 'shrub encroachment' has been linked to livestock grazing

139 t from ecological state transitions, such as shrub encroachment.

140 been considered as a factor contributing to shrub encroachment.

141 r extirpation may be an overlooked driver of shrub encroachment.

142 ence divergence in Cyathostegia mathewsii, a shrub endemic to inter-Andean SDTF, indicates isolation

143 may further benefit deciduous over evergreen shrubs, event and trend climate change may both act agai

144 a feedback can affect the maximum extent of shrub expansion and the configuration of a stable encroa

145 rally considered to remain resistant to such shrub expansion in the next decades.

146 height are consistent with observed riparian shrub expansion in the region.

147 ions, changes in microclimate resulting from shrub expansion into desert grasslands have remained poo

148 emperature, increase of hot extreme days and shrub expansion over grass-dominated tundra.

149 ver, landscape-scale patterns and drivers of shrub expansion remain poorly understood, inhibiting acc

150 Rapid climate warming has resulted in shrub expansion, mainly of erect deciduous shrubs in the

151 n observed in arctic tundra ecosystems, e.g. shrub expansion, resulting in reduction in albedo and gr

152 RP binds shrub mRNA (human Chmp4) to repress Shrub expression, causing overexpression during the dise

153 Shrubs facilitated the annual plant community at all lev

154 Shrub facilitation and the high rainfall year contribute

155 Moreover, shrub facilitation mediates the interspecific competitio

156 tested the hypothesis that the mechanism of shrub facilitation on an annual plant community can chan

157 cated elevational movements by two tree- and shrub-foraging species with moderate-to-high vagility (C

158 rtility and transforming grasslands to dwarf shrub/forb-dominated ecosystems.

159 n mutant Drosophila embryos and that loss of Shrub function caused abnormal distribution of several e

160 monstrate that the novel coiled-coil protein Shrub functions in the endosomal pathway and plays an es

161 chilling they require to leaf out: invasive shrubs generally have weaker chilling requirements than

162 inated peatland to a non-carbon accumulating shrub-grass ecosystem.

163 birch shrubs, willow shrubs, other deciduous shrubs, grasses, sedges, and forbs) in arctic and boreal

164 prey abundance, in a mosaic of non-irrigated shrub/grasslands and irrigated crops/pastures.

165 wth, which results in a semiclonal or clonal shrub growth form that appears to be ubiquitous in globa

166 rost, contrasting earlier notions of limited shrub growth sensitivity to summer warming in the High A

167 ion for the relationship between climate and shrub growth.

168 ores in the Arctic in response to increasing shrub habitat is a contrasting terrestrial counterpart t

169 Warming and expanded shrub habitat is the most plausible reason for recent sn

170 of stream flow, air temperature, floodplain shrub habitat, and snowshoe hare distributions.

171 The ESCRT-III core protein Shrub has a central role in endosome-to-multivesicular b

172 The abundance of shrubs has increased throughout Earth's arid lands.

173 on dendrochronological techniques applied to shrubs have linked this phenomenon to climate change.

174 harge and the estimated increase in riparian shrub height are consistent with observed riparian shrub

175 ound in sedge-dominated tussock tundra where shrub height does not exceed 20 cm, whereas White-crowne

176 hrub height to reconstruct annual changes in shrub height from the 1960s to the present.

177 that snowshoe hares require a mean riparian shrub height of at least 1.24-1.36 m, a threshold which

178 etween cumulative summer warmth and riparian shrub height to reconstruct annual changes in shrub heig

179 he establishment of snowshoe hares and other shrub herbivores in the Arctic in response to increasing

180 rack the fate of seedlings of an encroaching shrub, hopbush (Dodonaea viscosa angustissima), during a

181 Our results imply that some evergreen shrubs (i.e., C. tetragona) will not capitalize on earli

182 nd that mouse orthologs could substitute for Shrub in mutant Drosophila embryos and that loss of Shru

183 g, indicating a cell-autonomous function for shrub in neuronal morphogenesis.

184 re we demonstrate that a widespread invasive shrub in North America, Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maack

185 The circumpolar expansion of woody deciduous shrubs in arctic tundra alters key ecosystem properties

186 Shrubs in humid environments tend to be hydraulically in

187 Trees and shrubs in non-domestic greenspace reduced mean maximum d

188 The rapid growth increase in C. tetragona shrubs in response to recent High Arctic summer warming

189 among six co-occurring species of chaparral shrubs in southern California.

190 n shrub expansion, mainly of erect deciduous shrubs in the Low Arctic, but the more extreme, sparsely

191 k with microclimate, whereby cold intolerant shrubs increase the minimum nocturnal temperatures in th

192 Encroachment of shrubs into grasslands is an important problem facing ra

193 Mediterranean woodland, we show that native shrub invasion and extreme drought synergistically reduc

194 its invasive range, or in areas with similar shrub invasions.

195 IC and pedogenic carbonate (PIC); converting shrub land to cropland increased PIC stock by 5.2 kg C m

196 all biomes via reduced NPP (e.g., -12.1% in shrub land) or decreased tauE or both.

197 We also find that shrub landcover significantly moderates aggression betwe

198 fect on changes in cover of the evergreen C3 shrub, Larrea tridentata; alleviated decreases in cover

199 ii and Eriophorum vaginatum); (ii) evergreen shrubs (Ledum palustre, Cassiope tetragona, and Vacciniu

200 Importantly, genetic correction of Shrub levels in the FXS model prevents synaptic membrane

201 ptibility to drought and result in increased shrub loss over time.

202 Maesasaponins produced by the African shrub Maesa lanceolata are oleanane-type saponins with d

203 promote an expansion of this evergreen dwarf shrub, mainly through densification of existing shrub pa

204 However, the multi-stemmed structure of shrubs makes them difficult to sample and therefore lead

205 soil surface temperature extremes, trees and shrubs may help to reduce the adverse impacts of urbaniz

206 es are the birds' preferred prey, increasing shrubs may result in a net enhancement in preferred prey

207 f grazing, but not the presence of competing shrubs, mediated the severity of grazing impacts on domi

208 Most shrub mortality occurred during the drought after indivi

209 ial in extreme cold winters as it may reduce shrub mortality.

210 phila FXS disease model, we found FMRP binds shrub mRNA (human Chmp4) to repress Shrub expression, ca

211 Single-cell clones of shrub mutant dendritic arborization (DA) sensory neurons

212 Here we report the identification of shrub mutations that increased dendritic branching.

213 Lantana camara L., a shrub native to the American tropics, has become one of

214 Ugni molinae Turcz. is a native shrub of Chile, known for its edible berries and its lea

215 is a native shrub of Chile, known for its edible berries and its lea

216 via rebaudiana Bertoni, an ancient perennial shrub of South America, produces diterpene glycosides th

217 nder (Teucrium polium L.) is a Mediterranean shrub of the Labiatae family, used in traditional medici

218 duous forests, including native and invasive shrubs of six common genera.

219 toration, specifically the removal of exotic shrubs, on pollination.

220 The expansion of deciduous shrubs onto potentially vulnerable arctic soils with lar

221 vae than were lineages feeding only on trees/shrubs or broad-leaved plants.

222 and carbon (up to 2100 years old) when dwarf-shrubs or graminoids are present, an effect not observed

223 pings of species (dwarf birch shrubs, willow shrubs, other deciduous shrubs, grasses, sedges, and for

224 Consistently, we found FMRP loss and Shrub overexpression similarly elevate endosomes and res

225 arning/memory center, we found FMRP loss and Shrub overexpression similarly increase connectivity.

226 folia and Pleurozium schreberi) and in dwarf shrub-P. schreberi vegetation in sub-Arctic Finland.

227 of P. schreberi was 62-81% and that of dwarf shrub-P. schreberi vegetation was 58-74%.

228 These differences in sensitivity of shrub parts to climate highlight the complexity of resou

229 ub, mainly through densification of existing shrub patches, at High Arctic sites with sufficient wint

230 nalysis suggests that, with the exception of shrubs, plants affect FIB removal indirectly by changing

231 Our analysis shows that Shrub plays a pivotal rate-limiting step in late endosom

232 grass productivity decreased by 81%, whereas shrub productivity increased by 67%.

233 esized that N addition would increase native shrub productivity, but that this would increase suscept

234 HapBound and SHRUB, programs implementing the new algorithms discusse

235 Shrub promotes the lysosomal degradation of the receptor

236 The South African shrub Protea repens displays diverse phenotypes in the w

237 s to interact with fire by altering postfire shrub recovery and altering species abundances and compo

238 the year following fire during the period of shrub recovery.

239 atmospheric CO2 concentrations facilitating shrub recruitment.

240 heses to explain how dingoes could influence shrub recruitment.

241 Using a manipulative shrub removal experiment and the co-occurrence of an ext

242 ation experiment featuring heavy grazing and shrub removal to determine if critical thresholds and th

243 flooded islands, while salt marsh herbs and shrubs replaced forest understory vegetation along a tid

244 ing current-day Rsoil under bunchgrasses and shrubs, respectively, indicating a significant lag effec

245 ies associated with the widespread perennial shrub, Rhazya stricta in Arabian desert soils.

246 land to assess how a nurse plant, the native shrub Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, affects the growth of the t

247 climate and growth for a dominant deciduous shrub, Salix pulchra, on the North Slope of Alaska, USA.

248 e of an aziridine precursor from the African shrub Salsola tuberculatiformis Botschantzev.

249 Hydraulic systems of shrubs sampled along two transcontinental aridity gradie

250 the invasive range of two non-native lowland shrubs, Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) and Spanish bro

251 plex mosaic of fens, collapse-scar bogs, low shrub/scrub, and forests growing on elevated ice-rich pe

252 hen quantify contemporary patterns of shrub, shrub seedling and mammal abundances, and use structural

253 ults in suppressed abundance of consumers of shrub seeds and seedlings, rodents and rabbits respectiv

254 In contrast, shrubs showed an increasing response to precipitation th

255 We then quantify contemporary patterns of shrub, shrub seedling and mammal abundances, and use str

256 functional groups: short forbs, tall forbs, shrubs, small trees, and large trees.

257 Three woody shrub species [cleyera (Ternstroemia gymnanthera Thunb.

258 tions from 4 yr (2003-2007) for two dominant shrub species and along community transects at the Nevad

259 ly our pipeline to the South African endemic shrub species Berkheya cuneata to use the resulting esti

260 ees, whereas flowering of midstory trees and shrub species continued to increase with rising CO2 .

261 Population densities of most shrub species declined after the drought compared with t

262 Resprouting shrub species may deplete their carbohydrate reserves du

263 focused on the demography and physiology of shrub species that resprout from a basal lignotuber foll

264 Our results suggest that invasive shrub species will continue to have a competitive advant

265 f Betula glandulosa, a common North American shrub species, we evaluated the relative sensitivity of

266 cm and 1 m in height, with no preference for shrub species.

267 n and an expansion of the range of deciduous shrub species.

268 reduced water-use efficiency we observed in shrubs subject to N addition.

269 ease in the establishment of berry-producing shrubs, such as serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), wh

270 ncreased across the transition from heath to shrub, suggesting that the action of ectomycorrhizal sym

271 Deciduous shrubs that were previously exposed to an extreme winter

272 Among tall shrubs, those that disperse farthest had lowest inertia.

273 rea tridentata) is a xerophytic evergreen C3 shrub thriving in vast arid areas of North America.

274 , with members ranging from 5-m-tall juniper shrubs to 100-m-tall redwood trees.

275 axa of Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae) vines and shrubs to assess the roles of historical contingency and

276 s indicate that the feedback allows juvenile shrubs to establish in the grassland during average year

277 at the differential responses of grasses and shrubs to precipitation variability and the amplificatio

278 ix species groups (ferns, graminoids, forbs, shrubs, trees, and vines) and within 19 individual speci

279 forest (Betula pubescens), through deciduous shrub tundra (Betula nana) to tundra heaths (Empetrum ni

280 ur types of tundra ecosystems (heath tundra, shrub tundra, wet sedge tundra, and tussock tundra), as

281 irradiance and diffuse fraction, in Alaskan shrub tundra.

282 h single, round basal stems, whereas dryland shrubs typically have modular hydraulic systems and mult

283 deciduous and evergreen trees, grasses, and shrubs, under a range of light intensities, using mid-in

284 Shrub vegetation had the highest respiration rates, sugg

285 undra heath to higher-productivity deciduous shrub vegetation in the sub-Arctic may lead to a loss of

286 uence C uptake and retention in Arctic dwarf shrub vegetation.

287 vs. C4 ), or growth form (drought-deciduous shrub vs. evergreen shrub vs. grass).

288 form (drought-deciduous shrub vs. evergreen shrub vs. grass).

289 n (Rsoil ) in different microhabitats (under shrubs vs under bunchgrasses) in the Sonoran Desert.

290 gnificantly affected Rsoil , but Rsoil under shrubs was more sensitive to Asat than that under bunchg

291 natum (tussock grass) and Betula nana (woody shrub), we assessed the extent of respiratory inhibition

292 nd Psi(soil) during the day, and Mojave C(3) shrubs were equally sensitive to D and Psi(soil) during

293 (Psi(soil)) during the day, Great Basin C(3) shrubs were highly sensitive to D and Psi(soil) during t

294 in CO2 sink strength after warming was when shrubs were present, and the greatest decrease when gram

295 s dominant groupings of species (dwarf birch shrubs, willow shrubs, other deciduous shrubs, grasses,

296 tudies predict increasing dominance of woody shrubs with future warming and emphasize the carbon (C)-

297 evolution are consistently low in trees and shrubs, with relatively long generation times, as compar

298 DNA from all trees or shrubs within a 100-meter radius from the trap were coll

299 ures of bean (annual herb) and cotton (woody shrub) would be globally an order of magnitude higher th

300 ve alkaloid benzosimuline, isolated from the shrub Zanthoxylum simulans, is reported.