ライフサイエンスコーパス: sigma factor

1 the very rapid increase in the level of RpoS sigma factor.

2 anscription of sigR, encoding an alternative sigma factor.

3 n fits a cavity between the beta subunit and sigma factor.

4 bN functions as a sigma(BldN) -specific anti-sigma factor.

5 ti-sigma factor is controlled to release the sigma factor.

6 pendent on sigma(E), an alternative ECF-type sigma factor.

7 ation and dissociation of the RNA polymerase sigma factor.

8 so called RpoS), the general stress response sigma factor.

9 romoter that is controlled by an alternative sigma factor.

10 out displacement of the promoter recognition sigma-factor.

11 show a protein interacting with the NCR of a sigma-factor.

12 ia requires specific promoter recognition by sigma factors.

13 s (TCSs) and extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors.

14 ing a unique network topology of interacting sigma factors.

15 and are involved in the interaction with the sigma factors.

16 ctors called extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors.

17 esent the largest and most diverse family of sigma factors.

18 anisms, but not to more diverged alternative sigma factors.

19 gene expression regulated by nuclear-encoded sigma factors.

20 , including two putative RpoH ("heat shock") sigma factors.

21 egion characteristic of a new family of anti-sigma factors.

22 cialized stress responses involving multiple sigma factors.

23 d by a cascade of alternative RNA polymerase sigma factors.

24 omprises 41 direct interactions among all 13 sigma factors.

25 ii) distinct communities containing multiple sigma factors.

26 ologous promoters by expressing heterologous sigma factors.

27 s selectively to group 1 and certain group 2 sigma-factors.

28 (NCR), which is present only in housekeeping sigma-factors.

29 ree of susceptibility varies among different sigma-factors.

30 The alternative sigma factor 54 (sigma(54), RpoN), regulates many virule

31 V pilins, multiple extracytoplasmic function-sigma factors, a urease and a bile salt hydrolase.

32 r coupling of asymmetric septum formation to sigma factor activation and identifies a surface involve

33 e of these, EcfO, was used as a model of ECF sigma factor activity during stress.

34 ve feedback regulation insulates alternative sigma factor activity from competition with the housekee

35 algT, rpoN, and rpoD caused minor changes in sigma factor activity, resulting in remodeling of the re

36 KinB regulates virulence through the global sigma factor AlgU, which plays a key role in repressing

37 otein MucA, which sequesters the alternative sigma factor AlgU.

38 ve in the polar flagellum biosynthesis FliAP sigma factor also outcompeted WBWlacZ but not to the sam

39 RNAP in vivo and in vitro, independently of sigma factor and away from the main nucleic-acids-bindin

40 otein, PhyR, which functions as an anti-anti-sigma factor and regulates transcription of genes requir

41 idy arises through mutation of the mucA anti-sigma factor and subsequent activation of the AlgU regul

42 a sequence-specific interactions between the sigma factor and the promoter DNA while moving downstrea

43 ompetition between principal and alternative sigma factors and hence the transcription profile of the

44 The RseA and RshA anti-sigma factors and the Zur and NrdR repressors were ident

45 ons is established between DNA, RNAP and the sigma-factor and the formation of functional RPo occurs

46 strain (SigB is the only functional group 2 sigma factor) and down-regulated in the DeltasigB strain

47 was initiated by the degradation of its anti-sigma factor, and was accelerated in a dual positive fee

48 nscription depends on transcription factors, sigma-factors, and, in some cases, on DNA looping.

49 another syp regulator, SypA, a putative anti-sigma factor antagonist.

50 by a mechanism distinct from that of classic sigma factor antagonists (anti-sigma factors), which bin

51 de regulation of kinases, generation of anti-sigma factor antagonists, and regulation of circadian cl

52 ough proteolysis of three transmembrane anti-sigma factors, anti-SigK, -L, and -M, but there are also

53 nctiforme were hypothesized to encode an ECF sigma factor/anti-sigma factor pair.

54 ECF15 sigma factors are believed to be the master regulators o

55 C. sordellii tcsR mutant, showing that these sigma factors are functionally interchangeable.

56 Although sigma factors are generally classified as initiation fac

57 Global gene regulators, including sigma factors are important in regulating mycobacterial

58 Primary, or housekeeping, sigma factors are responsible for most of the gene expre

59 In bacteria, RNAP-associated sigma factors are strictly required for promoter recogni

60 Bacterial sigma factors are subunits of RNA polymerase that direct

61 Although bacterial sigma factors are thought to be quite different from the

62 ing about 14 extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors, are affected by oxidative stress, and one

63 To address this issue, we utilized a sigma factor B (DeltasigB) mutant where protease activit

64 n, crtOPQMN, but is epistatic to alternative sigma factor B.

65 f transcription was positively influenced by sigma factor B.

66 The complex reveals an unprecedented anti-sigma factor binding mode: upon PhyR(SL) binding, NepR f

67 ent growth conditions is nearly static, with sigma factor binding profiles almost invariant to enviro

68 cription requires recognition of appropriate sigma-factors by the core enzyme (core2: alpha2betabeta'

69 ance mechanisms using a group of alternative sigma factors called extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sig

70 gs establish a mechanism whereby the primary sigma factor can exert direct effects on the composition

71 ified activator of the RpoN/RpoS alternative sigma factor cascade.

72 In bacteria, multiple sigma factors compete to associate with the RNA polymera

73 n all mucoid strains tested, indicating that sigma factor competition can regulate mucoidy.

74 ring competence development, the alternative sigma factor ComX is activated, which in turn, initiates

75 The bacterial sigma factors confer promoter specificity to the RNA pol

76 RpoS, an RNA polymerase sigma factor, controls the response of Escherichia coli

77 ivating sigma(70) -dependent and alternative sigma factor-dependent genes required for stress surviva

78 onally regulates the general stress response sigma factor differently than what was described for oth

79 RpoS, the master sigma factor during stationary phase and under a variety

80 This induction is, in part, dependent on sigma factor E.

81 Bacteria contain multiple sigma factors, each targeting diverse, but often overlap

82 0 degrees C by overexpressing the heat shock sigma factor encoded by the rpoH gene.

83 The mutations fixed in the sigma factor encoding genes algT, rpoN, and rpoD caused

84 Conversely, significant changes in specific sigma factor expression were only observed upon adaptati

85 of cell motility through the control of FliA sigma factor expression.

86 to the assembly state by control of the anti-sigma factor FlgM.

87 PbifA promoter is dependent on the flagellar sigma factor FliA, and positively regulated by ppGpp and

88 ivity from competition with the housekeeping sigma factor for RNA polymerase and allows multiple stre

89 wo atp operons are PEP dependent and require sigma factors for specific recognition.

90 tified it as a member of the ECF15 family of sigma factors found only in alphaproteobacteria.

91 FoxI) is inhibited by the transmembrane anti-sigma factor FoxR.

92 eaving Pro-sigma(K) and releasing the active sigma factor from a membrane.

93 These results demonstrate that sigma factor function is the source of at least two retr

94 tuberculosis pathogenesis, we targeted a key sigma factor gene, sigL, activated in mycobacterium-infe

95 egions to different transcription factor and sigma-factor genes, resulting in perturbations that span

96 genes and in the transcriptional control of sigma-factor genes.

97 s shape the response of comX, an alternative sigma factor governing expression of the late competence

98 These genes include the sigma factor H (sigH) that was shown to be important for

99 o code for the pathogen's only annotated ECF sigma factor, homologous to RpoE, known in Escherichia c

100 ulated through sequestration by cognate anti-sigma factors; however, for most systems, it is not know

101 alignments of CsrR orthologs and other anti-sigma factors identified a CsrR-specific region characte

102 We present the first analysis of an ECF15 sigma factor in a vector-borne human pathogen and conclu

103 Recently, the general stress response sigma factor in Alphaproteobacteria, sigma(EcfG), was id

104 of SigV, an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor in E. faecalis, and that the deletion of si

105 Here we establish that the primary sigma factor in Escherichia coli, sigma(70), can functio

106 However, the primary sigma factor in Escherichia coli, sigma(70), can remain

107 Changing of principal sigma factor in RNA polymerase holoenzyme to a group 2 s

108 of sigX, encoding the only known alternative sigma factor in streptococci.

109 s a homologue of RpoE, which is the only ECF sigma factor in the organism.

110 ulatory interactions between M. tuberculosis sigma factors in an E. coli model system, validation of

111 pe purine synthesis in Bacteria and complete sigma factors in Archaea similar to those in Bacteria.

112 Despite the central role of alternative sigma factors in bacterial stress response and virulence

113 Other suppressors highlight the roles of ECF sigma factors in counteracting the deleterious effects o

114 NAs coding for RNA polymerase components and sigma factors in dry seeds.

115 To better decipher the role of sigma factors in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis pathog

116 ntrols the activity of one or more of the 28 sigma factors in M. smegmatis.

117 ork was to determine the role of alternative sigma factors in the stress response of V. parahaemolyti

118 haracterized by activation of RNA polymerase sigma factors, including the late-expressed sigma(G).

119 iloti genome encodes 14 of these alternative sigma factors, including two putative RpoH ("heat shock"

120 polymerase (RNAP) binding to a promoter, the sigma factor initiates DNA strand separation and capture

121 RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme containing sigma factor initiates transcription at specific promote

122 Since the major and major variant sigma factor interacting surfaces in the RNAP substantia

123 eria is often mediated by alternative sigma (sigma) factors interacting with core RNA polymerase.

124 The sigma factor is a functionally obligatory subunit of the

125 it is not known how the activity of the anti-sigma factor is controlled to release the sigma factor.

126 The RpoE sigma factor is essential for the viability of Escherich

127 The activity of sigma factors is often regulated through sequestration b

128 d and the hydrolysis of periplasmic CSS anti-sigma factors is widely observed, we hypothesize that cl

129 codes sigma(V), an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor, is induced by lysozyme, which damages the

130 To determine the contribution of the sigma factors K, L, and M to the Deltarip1 attenuation p

131 its PhyR receiver domain via its sigma(EcfG) sigma factor-like output domain (PhyR(SL)).

132 bridges between the Rip1 PDZ domain and anti-sigma factor M (Anti-SigM), a Rip1 substrate, but not An

133 The interaction with sigma factors may explain how RbpA stabilizes sigma subu

134 ytoplasmic function sigma factor (MibX)/anti-sigma factor (MibW) complex and an additional transcript

135 a pathway-specific extracytoplasmic function sigma factor (MibX)/anti-sigma factor (MibW) complex and

136 es a contiguously located putative anti-anti-sigma factor, MSMEG_6127.

137 Here we report the role of a predicted anti-sigma factor, MSMEG_6129 and a predicted eukaryotic like

138 a mechanism whereby proteolysis of the anti-sigma factor MucA leads to active sigma(22) allowing P.

139 ered to the cytoplasmic membrane by the anti-sigma factor MucA that inhibits alginate production.

140 Prc degrades mutant forms of the anti-sigma factor MucA to promote mucoidy in some cystic fibr

141 growth of S. coelicolor and studies in three sigma factor mutant strains demonstrated that three of t

142 loroplast transcription in photoreceptor and sigma factor mutants under controlled light regimes in A

143 s governed by an alternative transcriptional sigma factor named sigma(S) (RpoS) that associates with

144 e organized into three regulons based on the sigma factor needed for their transcription (RpoD [sigma

145 regulated by a mechanism involving the anti-sigma factor NepR and the response regulator PhyR.

146 uding the sigma factor sigma(EcfG), its anti-sigma factor NepR, and the anti-anti-sigma factor PhyR.

147 ter crescentus, including sigma(T), its anti-sigma factor NepR, the anti-anti-sigma factor PhyR, and

148 sigma(EcfG) is inactivated by the anti-sigma factor NepR, which is itself regulated by the resp

149 nsically disordered region (IDR) of the anti-sigma factor, NepR, by solution NMR spectroscopy.

150 The layout and deployment of such a sigma factor network directly impacts global transcripti

151 he operational, and functional states of the sigma factor network in Geobacter sulfurreducens, reveal

152 he interplay between different levels of the sigma factor network organization is fundamental to char

153 Analysis of the operational state of the sigma factor network shows a highly modular structure wi

154 ription by contacting the NCR of the primary sigma factor of C. trachomatis, sigma(66).

155 RpoS, the stationary phase/stress sigma factor of Escherichia coli, regulates a large coho

156 point mutations in genes encoding the major sigma factor of RNA polymerase (sigA), a cell shape-dete

157 Because extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors often regulate adaptation to environmental

158 The coiled-coil is a docking site for sigma factors on RNA polymerase, and evidence is present

159 othesized to encode an ECF sigma factor/anti-sigma factor pair.

160 egulation and coregulation of sigma and anti-sigma factor pairs, provides structural information that

161 ), its anti-sigma factor NepR, the anti-anti-sigma factor PhyR, and the transmembrane sensor kinase P

162 ts anti-sigma factor NepR, and the anti-anti-sigma factor PhyR.

163 RpoS, an alternative sigma factor, plays a central role in spirochetal adapta

164 ic event, which is widespread among CSS anti-sigma factors, produces two distinct domains that intera

165 economical and exquisite control of the ECF sigma factor protein level for the proper cell different

166 nction sigma factor (PspX), its cognate anti-sigma factor (PspW), and a transcriptional activator (Ps

167 atory proteins: an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor (PspX), its cognate anti-sigma factor (PspW

168 hibits the expression of the iron-starvation sigma-factor PvdS, thereby repressing the production of

169 flexible native omega plays a direct role in sigma-factor recruitment.

170 or in RNA polymerase holoenzyme to a group 2 sigma factor redirects transcription when cyanobacteria

171 omponent signal transduction and alternative sigma factor regulation to control transcription of gene

172 Here we reconstruct the complete sigma factor regulatory network of the human pathogen My

173 ructure-function relationship of alternative sigma factor regulatory networks.

174 an uncharacterized extracytoplasmic function sigma factor regulon, an event that has been reported to

175 in an operon with a structurally unique anti-sigma factor, Reo.

176 ECF sigma factors represent the largest and most diverse fam

177 romoters, recognized by RpoN, RpoD, and RpoS sigma factors, respectively.

178 In these species, Sigma factor RpoD (sigma(70)), Integration Host Factor,

179 A), and 3) a reduced expression of the major sigma factor RpoD (sigma(70)).

180 that a previously unstudied B. quintana ECF sigma factor, RpoE, is involved in the transition from t

181 the extracytoplasmic function RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoE2 consensus sequences displayed a sharp

182 The rpoN mutant, which lacks the alternative sigma factor RpoN (sigma(54)), accumulated high levels o

183 Neisseria elongata as a model, we show that Sigma factor RpoN (sigma(54)), Integration Host Factor,

184 e of mucoid induction requires the alternate sigma factor RpoN (sigma(54)).

185 The alternative sigma factor RpoN is an essential colonization factor of

186 Sigma factor RpoN was found to negatively regulate ampR

187 4/-12 promoter recognized by the alternative sigma factor RpoN.

188 The alternative sigma factor RpoN/sigma-54 is a global regulator that co

189 The stationary phase/general stress response sigma factor RpoS (sigma(S)) is necessary for adaptation

190 increased expression of the stress response sigma factor RpoS and many of its targets in stationary

191 trikingly, overproduction of the alternative sigma factor rpoS and of the regulatory gene gadE result

192 The alternative sigma factor RpoS is critical for natural transformation

193 n Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the alternative sigma factor RpoS plays a central role during Bb's adapt

194 the stationary phase by the stationary-phase sigma factor RpoS, which was also reduced dramatically u

195 stress, partly through stabilization of the sigma factor RpoS.

196 did not require the transporter GadC, or the sigma factor RpoS.

197 ly under the control of the stationary-phase sigma factor RpoS.

198 art to enhanced translation of the alternate sigma factor RpoS.

199 alling was found to interact with the stress sigma factor RpoS.

200 s partially mediated by the stationary phase sigma factor, RpoS, which was also shown to positively r

201 its anti-sigma factor RsbW and the anti-anti-sigma factor RsbV plays a critical role in shaping the n

202 RsbU and RsbP phosphatases or the anti-anti-sigma factor RsbV, all of which contribute to posttransl

203 f the phosphorylation state of the anti-anti-sigma factor RsbV, and in vitro transcription assays, in

204 y of the synthesis rates of sigmaB, its anti-sigma factor RsbW and the anti-anti-sigma factor RsbV pl

205 elease of B. subtilis sigma(B) from its anti-sigma factor RsbW.

206 is, that in an eep deletion mutant, the anti-sigma factor RsiV is only partially degraded after lysoz

207 d by the proteolytic destruction of the anti-sigma factor RsiV.

208 by its effects on the stability of the anti-sigma factor RsiV.

209 ilis site 1 protease, which cleaves the anti-sigma factor RsiW.

210 the proteins purified, the SigT cognate anti-sigma factor RstA ranked the top with the most total ind

211 was completely dependent on its cognate anti-sigma factor RstA.

212 gma(22) to the inner membrane inhibiting the sigma factor's transcriptional activity.

213 This is the first sporulation-specific sigma factor shown to have two developmentally separated

214 tants that were defective in each of the six sigma factor (SIG) genes that encode proteins utilized b

215 ion of genes for the nuclear encoded plastid sigma-factors, SIG1-6, which code for components of the

216 Transcripts encoding the sigma factor SIG5 are regulated by light and the circadi

217 on a consensus sequence for the housekeeping sigma factor SigA and an A+T-rich upstream element for R

218 The group 2 sigma factor SigB was found to be important for the grow

219 cile orthologue of the flagellar alternative sigma factor SigD (FliA; sigma(28)) mediates regulation

220 lls, phenotypes regulated by the alternative sigma factor SigD.

221 The RNA polymerase sigma factor SigF controls late development during sporu

222 ated genes in the regulon of the alternative sigma-factor SigF.

223 Additionally, a sigma factor (SigL) and global regulators (CcpA, CodY, a

224 han the homologous and more abundant primary sigma factor sigma(70), is unknown.

225 not promoters dependent on the housekeeping sigma factor sigma(A) .

226 structure of RbpA and identify the principle sigma factor sigma(A) and the stress-induced sigma(B) as

227 factor sigma(F) and the mother cell-specific sigma factor sigma(E).

228 stress response (GSR) system, including the sigma factor sigma(EcfG), its anti-sigma factor NepR, an

229 of the alternative extracytoplasmic function sigma factor sigma(EcfG), which redirects transcription

230 e of genes, including the forespore-specific sigma factor sigma(F) and the mother cell-specific sigma

231 roduced under the control of the sporulation sigma factor sigma(F) to create a negative feedback loop

232 r gene through the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor sigma(FoxI).

233 the control of the late-acting, sporulation sigma factor sigma(G) in Bacillus subtilis.

234 ilis D gene was controlled by RNA polymerase sigma factor sigma(G).

235 lus subtilis extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor sigma(M) is inducible by, and confers resis

236 rA utilizes its hydrophobic core to bind the sigma factor sigma(R) preventing its association with RN

237 led by the major stationary phase and stress sigma factor sigma(S) (RpoS), and also indirectly regula

238 he rpoS gene, which encodes a general stress sigma factor sigma(S), as a model system, and show that

239 hese sectors for the general stress response sigma factor sigma(S).

240 to facilitate competition of the alternative sigma factor sigma(X) for access to core polymerase.

241 ubtilis, the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors sigma(M) , sigma(W) and sigma(X) all contr

242 ng domains to activate the mRNAs of both the sigma-factor sigma(S) and the RicI protein, a previously

243 s initiated by the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor (sigma(22); AlgU/AlgT).

244 The major variant sigma factor (sigma(54)) initially forms a transcription

245 ed for formation of a complex with the major sigma factor (sigma(A)) and reaction with NO disassemble

246 ng elevated expression of the general stress sigma factor (sigma(B)) regulon, which is required for C

247 nt signal transduction (TCS) and alternative sigma factor (sigma) regulation to control transcription

248 showed a decrease in binding affinity to the sigma-factors (sigma(70), sigma(32) and sigma(38)) compa

249 in triggering dissociation of the alternate sigma factor, sigma(28), from a nonfunctional sigma(28)-

250 coli, the HSR is regulated by an alternative sigma factor, sigma(32) , which is encoded by the rpoH g

251 RNAP containing the major variant bacterial sigma factor, sigma(54), with its cognate promoter.

252 Although sigma(54) and the major sigma factor, sigma(70), have similar functional domains

253 n target the activity of the major bacterial sigma factor, sigma(70).

254 The E. coli alternative sigma factor, sigma(E) , transcribes genes required to m

255 One alternative sigma factor, sigma(N), is unique in its structure and f

256 enus Streptococcus depends on an alternative sigma factor, sigma(X), for coordinated synthesis of 23

257 by two distinct classes of sequence-specific sigma factors, sigma(70) or sigma(54), that differ both

258 cific activation of the sporulation-specific sigma factors, sigma(H) (early), sigma(F), sigma(E), sig

259 on of a member of the ECF30 subfamily of ECF sigma factors, sigma(V) in Bacillus subtilis, is control

260 in complex with domain 2 of the housekeeping sigma-factor, sigma(A).

261 Domain 1.1 of primary sigma factors (sigma1.1) prevents their binding to promo

262 The key players in this process, sigma factors (sigmas), associate with the catalytic cor

263 Using a sigma factor SigT from S. coelicolor as a model, we succ

264 coelicolor, the protein stability of an ECF sigma factor SigT, which is involved in the negative reg

265 ComRS pheromone circuit and the alternative sigma factor SigX and infer that transformation is even

266 by increasing expression of the alternative sigma factor SigX, which in turn allows expression of co

267 its approximately 30% identity with the anti-sigma factor SpoIIAB of Bacillus subtilis.

268 fascinating biological problems (alternative sigma factors, sporulation, swarming, biofilm formation,

269 tions, all within rpoD, encoding the primary sigma factor subunit of RNA polymerase, sigma(A).

270 Among seven sigma factors tested, RpoD from Lactobacillus plantarum

271 s that of tcdR, which encodes an alternative sigma factor that activates tcdA and tcdB expression.

272 The wild type AlgU is a stress-related sigma factor that activates transcription of alginate bi

273 duction as well as the activity of AlgU, the sigma factor that controls MucD expression.

274 of a catalytic core enzyme in complex with a sigma factor that is required for promoter-specific tran

275 e 5'-triphosphate of the nascent RNA and the sigma factor that may function to stabilize the short RN

276 Sigma B (sigma(B)) is an alternative sigma factor that regulates the general stress response

277 RsrA is an archetypal zinc-binding anti-sigma factor that responds to disulfide stress in the cy

278 esults explain how Crl distinguishes between sigma factors that are largely homologous and activates

279 Bacteria utilize multiple sigma factors that associate with core RNA polymerase (R

280 a widespread mechanism involves alternative sigma factors that redirect transcription toward specifi

281 Thus it is essential to determine the sigma-factors that affect the preferential partitioning

282 of the best-studied examples of alternative sigma factors: the sigmaB network that controls the gene

283 ma factors), which bind directly to a target sigma factor to prevent its association with RNA polymer

284 concerning the light environment by a single sigma factor to regulate chloroplast transcription.

285 gative regulator of RpoE that sequesters the sigma factor to regulate gene expression based on condit

286 Bacteria use multiple sigma factors to coordinate gene expression in response

287 or RNA polymerase and allows multiple stress sigma factors to function simultaneously with little com

288 Bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) requires sigma factors to recognize promoter sequences.

289 ce of unstructured omega, the association of sigma-factors to the core is less efficient, suggesting

290 finities of three different Escherichia coli sigma-factors to the same core RNAP with variations in t

291 AS-regulated extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor, to couple the secretory activity of the T3

292 atory categories-including stress-associated sigma factors, transcription factors, and toxin-antitoxi

293 plasmic function (ECF) family of alternative sigma factors: VP0055, VP2210, VP2358, VP2578, and VPA16

294 We have demonstrated here that one such sigma factor, VP2578, a homologue of RpoE from Escherich

295 aled that the protein degradation of the ECF sigma factor was initiated by the degradation of its ant

296 ching from housekeeping factors to alternate sigma-factors when the organism senses a change in its p

297 RpoE is a sigma factor which, in other bacteria, responds to oxida

298 at of classic sigma factor antagonists (anti-sigma factors), which bind directly to a target sigma fa

299 Accessory sigma factors, which reprogram RNA polymerase to transcr

300 promoter escape model using a two-component sigma factor YvrI and YvrHa from Bacillus subtilis that