ライフサイエンスコーパス: skin test

1 QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube, and tuberculin skin test.

2 s carried out in those cases with a negative skin test.

3 should be considered as a complement to late skin tests.

4 ensitization has not been proven by positive skin tests.

5 ockroach allergen extracts used for clinical skin tests.

6 should be performed in case of negativity on skin tests.

7 serum IgE antibodies, and the realization of skin tests.

8 ciated with positivity of QFT and tuberculin skin tests.

9 in a controlled setting without the need for skin testing.

10 Allergens were used in IgE ELISA and skin testing.

11 cal and radiological findings and tuberculin skin testing.

12 ulate after intradermal challenge with a VZV skin test Ag.

13 he group.We recommend drug concentration for skin testing aiming to achieve a specificity of at least

14 Negative skin tests allowed the selection of an alternative NMBA,

15 A positive tuberculin skin test alone among clinical laboratory findings was s

16 m/cilastatin and meropenem; 130 of them were skin-tested also with ertapenem.

17 tive volunteers, 32% had a positive rAed a 3 skin test and 46% had specific IgE.

18 story of tuberculosis then used a tuberculin skin test and an interferon-gamma release assay (QuantiF

19 latent tuberculosis infection by tuberculin skin test and at least one IFN-gamma release assay.

20 -based study assessing use of the tuberculin skin test and IFN-gamma release assays among children (n

21 At 6 months, the patient's skin test and IgE to peanuts were negative.

22 ted tuberculosis independently of tuberculin skin test and index-case drug sensitivity results.

23 s in young children and trends in tuberculin skin test and interferon gamma-release assays.

24 nd high aerosols had differential tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay responses.

25 s were categorised into distinct phenotypes: skin test and lesion positive vs skin test negative on m

26 The practicability and validity of skin test and other diagnostic procedures need further a

27 ted; all participants underwent a tuberculin skin test and QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay.

28 ldren with no documented contact, tuberculin skin test and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube positivity was

29 Overall agreement between the tuberculin skin test and the QFT test was moderate (81.06%; kappa c

30 Rates of positivity for the tuberculin skin test and the QFT test were low in study participant

31 ntacts undergoing evaluation (ie, tuberculin skin test and/or chest radiograph) per prevalent case di

32 ersensitivity, 34 (43.6%) were identified by skin testing and 44 (56.4%) by DPT.

33 The results of gelatin skin testing and anti-alpha-Gal IgE measurements were st

34 Skin testing and basophil activation tests were performe

35 SRs by using a protocol that includes repeat skin testing and drug desensitization.

36 ensitivity (which include drug provocations, skin testing and in vitro testing) and provides, when da

37 e value and limitations of clinical history, skin testing and laboratory investigations for both peni

38 ues, such as the animal-level sensitivity of skin testing and slaughter inspection, to observed bTB e

39 m of this study was to establish the role of skin testing and the drug provocation test (DPT) in the

40 ed in clinical studies and extracts used for skin testing and to identify trace levels of allergens i

41 n SOT candidates/recipients using tuberculin skin tests and interferon-gamma release assays and risk

42 Tuberculin skin tests and interferon-gamma release assays were perf

43 Skin tests and measurement of serum levels of immunoglob

44 The efficacy of skin tests and poor use of laboratory tests are underlin

45 es, a skin biopsy was obtained from positive skin tests and positive DPT.

46 Skin tests and serum-specific IgE assays were repeated 1

47 ological activity and is suitable for use in skin tests and specific IgE assays in mosquito-allergic

48 and assessed the remission predictability of skin tests and their utility in directing dietary planni

49 ube test, (2) T-SPOT.TB test, (3) tuberculin skin test, and (4) Battey skin test using purified prote

50 We performed clinical assessment, tuberculin skin test, and chest radiography in all eligible childre

51 is infection was measured through tuberculin skin testing, and relative risks were calculated using m

52 sults of specific IgE (sIgE) determinations, skin tests, and basophil activation tests were correlate

53 Further optimization of skin test antigen combinations identified that the inclu

54 e utility of synthetic peptides as promising skin test antigens for bovine TB for DIVA.

55 inical and epidemiological studies with past skin test antigens, the composition of past and current

56 Giant reactions to the tuberculin skin test are extremely rare and have been previously re

57 Skin tests are of paramount importance for the evaluatio

58 Drug skin tests are often not carried out because of lack of

59 Although the skin tests are the most important tool and their sensiti

60 d dendritic cells, demonstrable in vivo in a skin test assay.

61 possible causes of CSU, and autologous serum skin test (ASST) response.

62 h both CIU and HT underwent autologous serum skin testing (ASST) and sera were assayed for thyroid au

63 ay have clinical implications for the use of skin test-based diagnosis of microbial infections.

64 Data from history, symptoms, skin tests, basophil activation tests, and oral challeng

65 reatment, however, we recommend pretreatment skin tests because negative responses indicate tolerabil

66 beta-lactam allergy skin testing (BLAST) is recommended by antimicrobial ste

67 -lactams, however, we recommend pretreatment skin tests, both because rare cases of cross-reactivity

68 tuberculosis without obtaining a tuberculin skin test, but duration of prophylaxis is restricted to

69 pregnant women the benefits versus risks of skin tests, challenge tests, desensitization, and initia

70 erculosis in China might be overestimated by skin tests compared with interferon-gamma release assays

71 dies designed to establish and validate drug skin test concentration using standard protocols.

72 This survey revealed that skin tests continue to be the main diagnostic procedure

73 The tuberculin skin test conversion rates (>6 mm) of the two chambers w

74 6-food elimination diet is as effective as a skin test-directed diet.

75 mission compared with 6-food elimination and skin test-directed diets.

76 Allergy has performed a literature search on skin test drug concentration in MEDLINE and EMBASE, revi

77 Of 278 ST patients, 179 (64%) were skin test eligible; 43 (24%) received testing and none w

78 detailed history, cautious interpretation of skin tests, foetal Rh genotyping from maternal blood and

79 t-allergic children underwent double-blinded skin testing, followed by parent-led peanut introduction

80 IGRA was more sensitive than the tuberculin skin test for active tuberculosis diagnosis.

81 ffer advantages compared with the tuberculin skin test for identifying TB infection, and improve targ

82 lease assays are preferred to the tuberculin skin test for screening certain at-risk populations, and

83 f the human population would have a positive skin test for the infection and is thus thought to harbo

84 icing physicians will be unfamiliar with how skin testing for coccidioidomycosis might be useful in p

85 based on the severity of the initial HSR and skin testing for guiding taxane reintroduction in patien

86 According to current guidelines, skin testing for hymenoptera venom allergy should be per

87 roductions, the negative predictive value of skin testing for remission was 40% to 67% (milk, 40%; eg

88 Skin testing for vancomycin sensitivity showed negative

89 romising basis for the future development of skin tests for DIVA with practical relevance for TB diag

90 preference to T-SPOT.TB (and the tuberculin skin test) for diagnosing tuberculous uveitis.

91 with anti-phenolic glycolipid I serology and skin tests from the same individual, from 113 leprosy pa

92 LTBI was ascertained from tuberculin skin tests given during the 1999-2000 National Health an

93 -naive HIV-infected patients with tuberculin skin test >/=5 mm were recruited from Khayelitsha day ho

94 Skin testing-guided elimination diet has proved unsucces

95 one case with grade 1 reaction and negative skin tests had an anaphylactic shock to the OC.

96 Their role in allergy skin testing has never been evaluated.

97 Allergic skin tests have to be performed 4-6 weeks after an aller

98 ergy evaluation with history-appropriate PCN skin testing: if skin test negative, give cefazolin (ST-

99 Based on prospective data (questionnaires, skin tests, IgE), children were assigned to wheeze pheno

100 a, IGRAs have advantages over the tuberculin skin test in specific patient populations and in certain

101 immediate reactions to CM were identified by skin testing in 43.6% and by DPT in 56.4%.

102 rculous infection, measured using tuberculin skin testing in a cohort of schoolchildren, a median of

103 Skin testing in duplicate, correlation between case hist

104 We aimed to assess the role of skin testing in the diagnosis of PPI-related immediate h

105 sis of drug hypersensitivity was obtained by skin tests in 72.9%, laboratory tests only in 2.4% of ca

106 nd an excellent negative predictive value of skin tests in our series but larger studies are required

107 Data are limited about the value of skin tests in the diagnosis of proton pump inhibitor (PP

108 ells with maintained IFN-gamma production in skin test infiltrating lymphocyte (SKIL) cultures and ci

109 For most drugs, sensitivity of skin testing is higher in immediate hypersensitivity com

110 y of a stepwise approach to diagnosis, using skin tests, laboratory tests, and oral challenges.

111 ates were lower compared with the tuberculin skin test, likely reflecting the higher specificity of t

112 soluble Leishmania antigen and a Leishmania skin test (LST) were performed in years 0, 2, and 4.

113 ously thought, suggesting that in many cases skin testing may not be necessary.

114 HANES assessed LTBI (defined as a tuberculin skin test measurement >/=10 mm) in participants, and tho

115 0.0001) or home introduction after negative skin test (median 4.3, P < 0.0001).

116 The recommendations cover skin test methodology and interpretation, allergen extra

117 owing that the performance of the tuberculin skin test might be affected by various factors including

118 Allergy skin tests must be carried out sequentially at the recom

119 r tuberculosis infection with the tuberculin skin test (n = 1389) and QuantiFERON assay (n = 576) and

120 l tests (n = 4), a syndromic reaction during skin tests (n = 1), and one case with grade 1 reaction a

121 subset of patients with positive penicillin skin tests (n = 295), only 1 had a hypersensitivity reac

122 lprit PPI that displayed negative results in skin tests (n = 61) and diagnostic OPTs with the suspect

123 ren had IFN-gamma release assay positive and skin test negative discordance.

124 phenotypes: skin test and lesion positive vs skin test negative on multiple occasions, respectively.

125 ith history-appropriate PCN skin testing: if skin test negative, give cefazolin (ST-Cefaz).

126 T was positive in 44 cases (34.6%) that were skin-test negative, 38 (76%) to Iodixanol, 8 (16%) to Io

127 2), whereas participants who were tuberculin skin test-negative received no significant benefit (0.75

128 dle-income countries, neither the tuberculin skin test nor IGRAs have value for active tuberculosis d

129 developed, including reaction to tuberculin skin test of the contacts, as well as smear-positivity,

130 Intradermal skin testing of the clinically important antibiotics cip

131 to those in biopsy specimens from Montenegro skin tests of individuals with asymptomatic infection.

132 rate (81.06%; kappa coefficient 0.485), with skin-test-only positive results associated with the pres

133 to patients who were positive on tuberculin skin test or interferon gamma release assay (adjusted HR

134 h incidence areas irrespective of tuberculin skin test or interferon gamma release assay status.

135 nd follow-up visits, (2) positive tuberculin skin test or QuantiFERON-TB Gold (Cellestis Internationa

136 l studies that applied either the tuberculin skin test or the interferon gamma release assay for diag

137 toparasitic ticks, can give rise to positive skin tests or serum assays with cat extract.

138 ctively measured atopy (measured by allergen skin tests or specific IgE).

139 volunteers reacted to rAed a 3 in either the skin tests or the IgE assays, confirming the specificity

140 P < .001), and baseline positive tuberculin skin test (OR, 2.21; P = .03); BCG vaccination was parti

141 assays correlate better than the tuberculin skin test (P = 0.0011).

142 immunity (measured using phytohaemagglutinin skin test, p < 0.0001), thyroxine (T4, p = 0.042), and g

143 However, skin test performance is related to the quality of aller

144 cted using the ISAAC questionnaire, allergen skin tests performed, and stool samples analysed for H.

145 Participants who were tuberculin skin test positive (ie, >/=5 mm induration) at enrolment

146 ernative regimen in HIV-positive, tuberculin skin test positive individuals.

147 chiefly benefited those who were tuberculin skin test positive.

148 In Group A, 72% were skin test positive; 28% required DPT.

149 In Group B, 63% were skin test positive; 37% required DPT.

150 the 161 subjects evaluated, 34 (21.1%) were skin-test positive, 21 (50%) to Iomeprol, 7 (16.7%) to I

151 Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in healthy, tuberculin skin test-positive (>/=15-mm induration), HIV-negative S

152 bsets from tuberculosis cases and tuberculin skin test-positive (TST(+)) and TST-negative (TST(-)) ho

153 peripheral blood of asymptomatic tuberculin skin test-positive individuals with recent (household) o

154 e recognized by immune cells from tuberculin skin test-positive, ESAT6/CFP10-responsive individuals,

155 ard IVE-TB Ags, albeit lower than tuberculin skin test-positive, ESAT6/CFP10-responsive individuals.

156 eaction size were associated with tuberculin skin test-positive, IFN-gamma release assay-negative tes

157 ks later by a late-winter peak in tuberculin skin test positivity and 12 weeks after that by an early

158 U/ml, and greater than 0.7 IU/ml, tuberculin skin test positivity results were 15%, 53%, 66%, and 91%

159 olymorphisms of HLA-DRA and ZNF300 predicted skin test positivity to amoxicillin and other penicillin

160 e-standardised and sex-standardised rates of skin-test positivity (>/=10 mm) ranged from 15% to 42%,

161 ntigens, the composition of past and current skin test preparations with particular attention to diff

162 The negative predictive value of the skin test protocol was calculated, defined as the ratio

163 Our skin test protocol with four simultaneously injected con

164 Penicillin skin testing (PST) with or without oral amoxicillin chal

165 s prevalence in country of birth, and Battey skin test reaction size were associated with tuberculin

166 False-positive tuberculin skin test reactions associated with reactivity to nontub

167 Immediate skin test reactions to rAed a 3 correlated significantly

168 of latent tuberculosis infection (tuberculin skin test reactivity >/=10 mm), human immunodeficiency v

169 ped anti-HbGST IgE and showed immediate-type skin test reactivity to Bla g 5.

170 kin 2 levels, and negatively with Leishmania skin test reactivity.

171 reassessed the potential of such antigens as skin test reagents for DIVA in cattle.

172 r more rapid and sensitive second-generation skin test reagents for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis

173 (phenotype 1); ii) positive reactors to the skin test regardless of post-mortem examination results

174 based on the severity of the initial HSR and skin test response.

175 top doses of QGE031 consistently suppressed skin test responses among subjects but had a variable ef

176 e patients were more likely to have negative skin test responses and to have experienced a delayed or

177 nicity had a greater probability of positive skin test responses compared with Mexican asthmatic pati

178 3 times (95% CI, 1.62-5.57) as many positive skin test responses in asthmatic participants and 3.26 t

179 times (95% CI, 1.02-10.39) as many positive skin test responses in control participants.

180 rty (18.7%) of the 214 subjects had positive skin test responses to at least 1 aminocephalosporin.

181 d positive patch test and/or delayed-reading skin test responses to at least 1 penicillin reagent.

182 Aeroallergen skin test responses were analyzed in 1830 US Latino subj

183 (sIgE) of 0.35 kU/L or greater had negative skin test responses, and these children also expressed t

184 rminant variable with the number of positive skin test responses.

185 ephalosporins and have negative pretreatment skin test responses.

186 shown by 5.5% of children with a tuberculin skin test result less than 5 mm, by 14.8% if less than 1

187 action to lansoprazole had a positive OPT or skin test result with at least one of the alternative PP

188 Smaller skin test results and lower allergen-specific IgE levels

189 Significant within-group changes in skin test results and peanut-specific IgE and IgG4 level

190 All subjects displayed negative skin test results to both aztreonam and carbapenems; 211

191 All subjects had negative skin test results to cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and aztreo

192 ate reactions to cephalosporins and positive skin test results to the responsible drugs underwent ser

193 HBV allergy (n = 144) was based on history, skin test results, and allergen-specific IgE levels to H

194 time of challenge, such subjects had smaller skin test results, as well as lower IgE levels specific

195 ifferences in age, milk-specific IgE levels, skin test results, or OFC results.

196 d in 20 of 22 patients with positive gelatin skin test results.

197 of dietary advancement plans solely based on skin test results.

198 Prick-prick skin testing revealed positive responses to Stona IB Gel

199 desensitization candidates after anamnesis, skin testing, risk assessment, and graded challenge.

200 mma release assays to children with positive skin tests risks underestimating latent infection.

201 Considering the high specificity, skin testing seems to be a useful method for the diagnos

202 Full allergy evaluation with skin testing seems to be preferred, although more data a

203 the inclusion of Rv3615c (Mb3645c) enhanced skin test sensitivity in naturally infected cattle witho

204 There are studies demonstrating that skin-test sensitivity to penicillins can decrease over t

205 The secondary included skin test, serum specific IgE and IgG4, nasal allergen p

206 LQ), nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT), skin testing, serum levels of specific IgG4 and specific

207 Interpretation of skin testing should be made with caution.

208 At 3 months, skin test size and IgE to peanut Arah1 decreased to 4 mm

209 Th2 cytokine production were correlated with skin test (ST) reactivity in 16 positive and 21 negative

210 by high false-negative rates of carboplatin skin test (ST) results.

211 We analyzed the diagnostic value of a skin test (ST), drug provocation test (DPT) and basophil

212 posed individuals with a negative atracurium skin test (ST), two individuals had a clear positive BAT

213 um antitoxin and (2) the predictive value of skin testing (ST) before botulinum antitoxin administrat

214 : (1) standard of care (SOC), (2) penicillin skin testing (ST), and (3) computerized guideline applic

215 tam (BL) allergy workup, in case of negative skin tests (ST) and in the absence of contraindications.

216 457 (25.7%) were at first evaluation [403 by skin tests (ST), 12 by positive IgE and 42 by controlled

217 d diagnostic protocol by means of anamnesis, skin tests (ST), risk assessment, and DPT.

218 coidosis and tuberculosis include tuberculin skin test status, the presence of ocular surface disease

219 rology and, in prevaccination assessment, on skin tests (STs), which both have drawbacks.

220 1-2.9) and in a per-protocol analysis of the skin tested subset (aOR, 5.7; 95% CI, 2.6-12.5).

221 While the skin tested subset showed an almost 6-fold impact, the c

222 We conducted a tuberculin skin-test survey in 5,119 preschool children in the gene

223 tes derived from population-level tuberculin skin-test surveys using traditional cutoff methods.

224 ntation rate, C-reactive protein, tuberculin skin test, syphilis serology, and chest radiograph) foll

225 A skin test that detects dermal hypersensitivity in person

226 Surveillance for bTB is based on a skin test that measures an immunological response to tub

227 The tuberculin skin test, the traditional assay for diagnosing LTBI, ha

228 Peanut skin test titration and basophil activation (at a single

229 onth post-transplant, the patient had a 6 mm skin test to peanut and had serum IgE to peanut Arah1 of

230 pigs in the control chamber converting their skin test to positive was 4.9 (95% confidence interval,

231 nt spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide, allergy skin testing to 10 common household allergens and provid

232 um antitoxin treatment and the usefulness of skin testing to assess this risk.

233 Standardized skin testing to detect sensitization to broadly used non

234 Contacts underwent tuberculin skin testing to determine tuberculosis infection status.

235 based on the severity of the initial HSR and skin testing to guide taxane reintroduction is safe and

236 Skin testing to mouse and other allergens and collection

237 Sensitization on skin testing to peanut (SPT response of 1-4 mm vs 0 mm)

238 vity (DTH) response, manifested by a loss of skin testing to recall Ags.

239 ly administered to patients who had negative skin testing to the vaccine.

240 splayed increased levels of IgE and positive skin tests to allergens with homologs in the parasite.

241 tions to penicillins and positive results on skin tests to at least 1 penicillin reagent underwent sk

242 All subjects displayed negative skin tests to carbapenems and tolerated challenges.

243 Some patients also underwent skin tests to Erbitux((R)) (cetuximab).

244 All tested patients showed positive skin tests to Erbitux((R)).

245 nd at delivery for LTBI using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and IFN-gamma release assay (IGRA) (Quan

246 A cost analysis of combining a tuberculin skin test (TST) and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT-GT

247 t of vitamin D supplementation on tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion.

248 considered an alternative to the tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) i

249 The tuberculin skin test (TST) has a poor sensitivity in this setting.

250 RON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) has not been compared in a US college po

251 uggest that IGRAs are better than tuberculin skin test (TST) in identifying individuals with IMID who

252 The tuberculin skin test (TST) measures the intensity of antimycobacter

253 viduals aged 12-50 years who were tuberculin skin test (TST) negative and eligible for BCG vaccinatio

254 same family sample, that controls tuberculin skin test (TST) negativity per se, that is, T-cell-indep

255 nd adults with LTBI have positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)

256 tuberculosis case display lack of tuberculin skin test (TST) reactivity.

257 h programs that switched from the tuberculin skin test (TST) to IFN-gamma release assays for latent t

258 py, Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid Inc.), tuberculin skin test (TST), and chest radiography.

259 atent tuberculosis infection: the tuberculin skin test (TST), QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT-G), and T-SPOT

260 ially approved tests, namely, the tuberculin skin test (TST), the Quantiferon-TB Gold in-tube (QFT-GI

261 ulmonary tuberculosis (cases), 47 tuberculin skin test (TST)-positive controls, and 39 TST-negative c

262 fer improved specificity over the tuberculin skin test (TST).

263 secutive periods: first, a 2-step tuberculin skin test (TST); second, a 2-step TST plus QuantiFERON-T

264 ssays (IGRAs) are alternatives to tuberculin skin testing (TST) for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis

265 with HIV (PLWH) who have positive tuberculin skin tests (TST) benefit from isoniazid preventive thera

266 using a TB risk assessment tool, tuberculin skin tests (TST) placed and read, TST results, and patie

267 s controlling the response to the tuberculin skin test (TST1 and TST2) and the production of TNF-alph

268 Tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) and QFTs were performed at baseline an

269 nfected patients who had positive tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) were followed until tuberculosis diagn

270 st, (3) tuberculin skin test, and (4) Battey skin test using purified protein derivative from the Bat

271 rests upon a thorough history completed with skin testing using native extracts from crushed buds and

272 The drugs, doses and protocols for skin testing varied considerably.

273 e odds ratio for a positive allergy blood or skin test was 1.59 (95% CI: 1.10, 2.28).

274 option of introducing at home without prior skin testing was associated with high levels of anxiety

275 Skin testing was performed for Alternaria, cat, cockroac

276 Skin testing was undertaken by 87% of respondents who pe

277 Overall agreement among S1 and S2 skin tests was 70.45%.

278 between laboratory results and anamnesis and skin tests was achieved in many cases.

279 iven the long-winded procedure of sequential skin testing, we retrospectively explored the safety of

280 Inhaled allergen challenges and skin tests were conducted before dosing and at weeks 6,

281 Positive skin tests were obtained in 25/44 patients (57%).

282 Skin tests were performed 1, 3 and 6 months following tr

283 Skin tests were performed in two stages: (i) Stage 1 (S1

284 tified by age (</=5 and >5 years) and peanut skin test wheal size (</=10 and >10 mm); 56 reached the

285 autoreactivity (a positive autologous serum skin test), whereas 50% are negative regarding both.

286 interfere with the action of the tuberculin skin test, which is used to determine if animals, herds

287 with HIV infection and a positive tuberculin skin test who were not taking antiretroviral therapy to

288 ndicator traits: i) positive reactors to the skin test with positive post-mortem examination results

289 is to medication, insect venom, or food were skin tested with gelatin colloid.

290 Negative delayed-reading skin testing with carbapenems in individuals with docume

291 Skin testing with penicillins was performed in duplicate

292 vity.To promote and standardize reproducible skin testing with safe and nonirritant drug concentratio

293 s to at least 1 penicillin reagent underwent skin tests with aztreonam and carbapenems; subjects with

294 rnative beta-lactams, all subjects underwent skin tests with cephalexin, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefuro

295 serum specific IgE assays with cefaclor and skin tests with different cephalosporins.

296 All 204 subjects underwent skin tests with imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem; 130 o

297 Diagnosis was performed using skin tests with major and minor determinants of PG (PPL/

298 on-reactors and inconclusive reactors to the skin tests with positive post-mortem examination results

299 gative and positive predictive values of the skin tests with PPIs were 58.8%, 100%, 70.8%, and 100%,

300 All subjects with a positive tuberculin skin test without prior active tuberculosis were offered