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   1 t or fat (ie, has either a high BMI or large skinfold thickness).                                    
     2 irect measurements of fat mass (bioimpedance/skinfold thickness).                                    
     3 d body mass index z score (BMIz) and triceps skinfold thickness.                                     
     4 oups on the basis of measurements of triceps skinfold thickness.                                     
     5 ody mass index, body weight, and subscapular skinfold thickness.                                     
     6 ns of dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry and skinfold thickness.                                     
     7  at the same level of waist circumference or skinfold thickness.                                     
     8     Similar results were apparent for sum of skinfold thickness.                                     
     9 ity status with changes in BMI and in sum of skinfold thickness.                                     
    10  the sum of central to the sum of peripheral skinfold thicknesses.                                   
    11 ed levels of PBF(DXA) in children with large skinfold thicknesses.                                   
    12  the body fatness of children who have thick skinfold thicknesses.                                   
    13 ngle examiner measured weights, heights, and skinfold thicknesses.                                   
    14  triceps site but similar median subscapular skinfold thicknesses.                                   
    15 t circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses.                                   
    16 relation with body mass index and the sum of skinfold thicknesses.                                   
    17 is of the average of triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses.                                   
    18 -0.25 mm; 95% CI: -0.44, -0.06), subscapular skinfold thickness (-0.20 mm; 95% CI: -0.33, -0.06), and
    19  0.04, 1.25) and a reduction in mean triceps skinfold thickness (-0.25 mm; 95% CI: -0.44, -0.06), sub
    20 unrelated to BMIz (95% CI, -0.21 to 0.26) or skinfold thickness (95% CI, -0.42 to 1.45) for 89 GG gen
    21 dependent variables and increased adiposity (skinfold thickness above the 85th percentile) were explo
  
    23 tion was estimated by using a combination of skinfold thickness and bioelectrical impedance measureme
  
    25 elated with changes in mass per unit length, skinfold thickness and serum albumin concentration, but 
    26 on between SGA birth and adiposity outcomes (skinfold thicknesses and bioelectrical impedance measure
    27 ar disease (CVD) risk factors are related to skinfold thicknesses and body mass index (BMI) among chi
    28 indicators of body fatness were the sum of 5 skinfold thicknesses and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2
    29  and other clinical measurements (individual skinfold thicknesses and body mass index) for the assess
    30 y composition was determined with the use of skinfold thicknesses and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometr
  
  
    33  1.70) higher sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness, and 0.17 kg/m(2) (95% CI: -0.02, 0.3
    34   Height, weight, bone age, pubertal status, skinfold thickness, and arm circumference were assessed.
  
    36 ion: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), skinfold thickness, and bioimpedance analysis (BIA).    
  
    38 res for child height, body mass index, total skinfold thickness, and head circumference (beta = 0.24 
    39 t circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio, skinfold thickness, and percentage total fat (bioimpedan
    40 atio (WHR), waist circumference, subscapular skinfold thickness, and ratio of triceps to subscapular 
    41 st/hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio, skinfold thickness, and skinfold-derived percentage fat 
    42 istance was strongly related to BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, and waist circumference, and this re
  
    44 easurements of BMI, body circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses, and a random subgroup of 5,568 had
    45 r arm circumference, subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses, and change in height-for-age, weig
  
    47 gestational weight gain, and maternal sum-of-skinfold thicknesses, and increased physical activity.  
    48  anthropometric variables (weight, height, 4 skinfold thicknesses, and waist girth), dual-energy X-ra
    49 and -0.02 mm (-0.79 to 0.75) for subscapular skinfold thicknesses; and -0.02 standard deviations (-0.
    50 5), indicating that BIA and FFM derived from skinfold thicknesses are better correlated with each oth
  
    52  independent methods (bioimpedance, multiple skinfold-thickness assessment of whole-body composition,
  
  
  
    56 rtain degree of independence between BMI and skinfold thickness at the upper extremes of the BMI dist
    57 : 0.40 (weight at week 37, kg)+ 0.16 (biceps skinfold thickness at week 37, mm) + 0.15 (thigh skinfol
    58 fold thickness at week 37, mm) + 0.15 (thigh skinfold thickness at week 37, mm)-0.09 (wrist circumfer
    59 d marginally predicted changes in the sum of skinfold thicknesses (at 6 mo: 14.7 +/- 7.5 mm/unit log 
  
  
  
    63  with other clinical indexes such as triceps skinfold thickness, body mass index, body weight, and su
    64  In forward-regression analysis, subscapular skinfold thickness, body weight, triceps skinfold thickn
    65    All formulas for estimating body fat from skinfold thicknesses, body density, or impedance perform
    66 o, abdominal height, triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, body mass index, and conicity inde
  
    68 reference curves for triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses by using the same national samples 
  
  
  
    72 dilution (H(2)18O), bioelectrical impedance, skinfold thicknesses, corporal diameters, and circumfere
    73 ur results indicate that it is unlikely that skinfold thicknesses could be used to monitor trends in 
    74 ed cross-sectional MUAC and triceps (triceps skinfold thickness) data from 32,952 US children aged 1-
    75 her BMI (% difference 21%, 95%CI 18 to 24%), skinfold thickness (% difference 34%, 95%CI 26 to 42%), 
    76  with white Europeans, UK Indians had higher skinfold thickness (% difference 6.0%, 95%CI 1.5 to 10.7
    77  prospective assessment of body composition (skinfold thickness, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), c
    78 tage of energy from protein and fat, triceps skinfold thickness during pregnancy, and infant birth we
  
    80 ntage fat mass (%FM) predicted by using each skinfold-thickness equation was compared with the criter
  
    82 on of percentage body fat with the Slaughter skinfold-thickness equations (PBF(Slaughter)) is widely 
    83 etermine the agreement between 8 widely used skinfold-thickness equations and a 4-compartment criteri
  
  
  
    87 ignificantly lower than fat mass measured by skinfold thickness, even though fat mass measurements by
  
  
  
    91 nfold thicknesses (subscapular- plus triceps-skinfold thicknesses) >/= 50 mm, PBF(Slaughter) overesti
  
  
  
  
    96 uch that they exhibited the highest BMIz and skinfold thickness in contexts of low SES but exhibited 
    97 waist circumference, weight, and subscapular skinfold thickness in men; in women, these associations 
    98 e-height velocity and weight gain, increased skinfold thicknesses in late pregnancy (28 wk) and early
    99 s in levels of BMI, waist circumference, and skinfold thicknesses in men in the United States from 19
   100 al level, high body mass index, high triceps skinfold thickness, increasing level of disability, wint
   101 al [CI], -0.73 to -0.17]; P = .002), triceps skinfold thickness (intervention vs control change: 14.5
   102 ater weighing (densitometry), measurement of skinfold thicknesses, isotope dilution (H(2)(18)O), and 
   103  difference: 0.06 +/- 9.6%), but not between skinfold thickness (mean difference: 6.33 +/- 12.3%) or 
  
  
   106  23.98) to be higher than those derived from skinfold-thickness measurements (mean: 21.05) and BIA (m
   107 on in children, we evaluated the accuracy of skinfold-thickness measurements (with the Slaughter et a
   108 F was observed for fat-free mass assessed by skinfold-thickness measurements and total body water (P 
   109 , respectively) and for fat mass assessed by skinfold-thickness measurements and total-body electrica
   110  comparison with national reference data and skinfold-thickness measurements were converted to z scor
   111 uations, which are based on triceps and calf skinfold-thickness measurements), bioelectrical resistan
  
   113 e of the training and errors associated with skinfold-thickness measurements, the advantages of BMI s
  
  
  
   117 tly recommended for predicting body fat from skinfold-thickness measures in prepubescent children of 
  
   119 -energy X-ray absorptiometry, the Pennington skinfold thickness model, and the Pennington density mod
   120 mula included mainly limb circumferences and skinfold thicknesses [model 1: height (in m) and skinfol
  
   122 in BMI of 0.14 kg/m2 (SE 0.03) and in sum of skinfold thickness of 0.62 mm (0.17) for black girls, an
   123 8 (95% CI, -0.47 to -0.09) and a decrease in skinfold thickness of 0.95 (95% CI, -1.77 to -0.12) mm, 
   124 iac, subscapular, thigh, calf, and abdominal skinfold thicknesses of the subjects were measured with 
  
   126 weight had greater energy intake (P = 0.02), skinfold thickness (P = 0.0001), and leptin concentratio
   127 t (P = 0.0001), weight (P = 0.0001), triceps skinfold thickness (P = 0.001), and arm muscle circumfer
  
  
   130 he LMS method was used to derive 10 smoothed skinfold-thickness percentile reference curves and to ge
   131 on and age, weight, body mass index, triceps-skinfold-thickness percentile, midupper arm circumferenc
   132 d thickness, when substituted for the sum of skinfold thicknesses, performed nearly as well in women 
   133 hanges in body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)), skinfold-thickness ratio (subscapular-to-triceps), waist
   134 /y) greater change in subscapular-to-triceps skinfold-thickness ratio and a 0.8 cm/y (95% CI: 0.1, 1.
  
  
   137 lar skinfold thickness, body weight, triceps skinfold thickness, sex, and height2/resistance estimate
   138 ether the sum of the triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses (SF sum) is more strongly related t
   139 ary outcome was infant fat mass estimated by skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements at 4 body sites at
   140 from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), skinfold thicknesses (SFTs), bioelectrical impedance ana
  
   142  waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, skinfold thickness, skinfold-derived percentage fat mass
   143 asured by the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses (SS + TR) and risk of obesity (body
  
   145 elation of circumference (waist and hip) and skinfold-thickness (subscapular and triceps) measurement
  
   147 r, those studies all used body mass index or skinfold thicknesses to measure obesity and did not alwa
  
   149 s as an indicator of immunostimulation; (ii) skinfold thickness, to estimate subcutaneous fat stores 
   150  to assess body composition: measurements of skinfold thickness, total body water by deuterium oxide,
   151 t circumference, body mass index, and sum of skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, and supraili
   152 mography (ADP) and formulas based on triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) and bioelectrical impedance ana
  
  
   155  score, BMI percentile, body fat percentage, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, or prevalence o
   156 entrations were associated with the sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses, waist and hip circumferences, ethn
   157 dy mass index, percentage body fat, sum of 6 skinfold thicknesses, waist circumference, and total, su
  
  
  
  
   162 ht), midupper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness, was compared among feeding groups.  
   163 scapular skinfold thickness, but not triceps skinfold thickness, was positively associated with colon
   164 ickness, and ratio of triceps to subscapular skinfold thickness, we recruited 48 normotensive African
   165 tely active girls, changes in BMI and sum of skinfold thickness were about midway between those for a
  
   167 f 5106 students, height, weight, and triceps skinfold thickness were measured at 9 (baseline) and 11 
   168 mference, waist : hip ratio, and subscapular skinfold thickness were measured or calculated by a stan
   169 , the REE before transplantation and triceps skinfold thickness were positively associated and the cu
   170  the trunk region, abdominal and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were 30-40% greater in the Hispanic
  
   172 for-age in detecting overweight when average skinfold thicknesses were used as the standard, but no d
   173 rence, biceps/triceps/subscapular/suprailiac skinfold thickness) were conducted in both cohorts; bioe
  
   175 ee mass, midupper arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness [which allowed for the derivation of 
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