ライフサイエンスコーパス: skull

1 lso affecting the long-term evolution of the skull.

2 rise at vertebral bodies and the base of the skull.

3 LNs (dcLNs) via foramina at the base of the skull.

4 of this endeavor due to the presence of the skull.

5 e when excited with red light through intact skull.

6 s are a ubiquitous feature of the vertebrate skull.

7 follicles and reduced bone formation in the skull.

8 migrations-in shaping diversity in the human skull.

9 Permian of South America based on a complete skull.

10 sing all three modalities through the intact skull.

11 promotes intramembranous ossification in the skull.

12 n of intramembranous bone progenitors in the skull.

13 n either the neural crest or mesoderm of the skull.

14 00 muM in a brain tissue mimic through a cat skull.

15 o image intrinsic signals through the intact skull.

16 convex premaxilla, and other features of the skull.

17 ective pressures on different regions of the skull.

18 x 5 x 3.2 mm(3)) was scanned through thinned skull.

19 letal dysplasia affecting the long bones and skull.

20 to quantify taphonomic variation in dinosaur skulls.

21 iment analysed from three out of four fossil skulls.

22 severe microcephaly with partially collapsed skull; (2) thin cerebral cortices with subcortical calci

23 he molecular mechanisms that induce skin and skull abnormalities are unclear.

24 n genetic disorder characterized by skin and skull abnormalities.

25 ical changes of microglia through the intact skull, allowing truly noninvasive studies of microglial

26 ains was particularly uniform throughout the skull, although specific regions were dominated by tensi

27 affected by common individual variations in skull anatomy.

28 ils to a position near the mid-region of the skull and an elongate neck and trunk that shift the cent

29 Neural crest generates the skull and associated connective tissues, whereas placode

30 nsors to quantify the kinematics of both the skull and body during feeding events.

31 demonstrated highly variable coordination of skull and body kinematics in the context of complex prey

32 Skull and body proportions as well as reduced neural spi

33 Coordinated growth of the skull and brain are vital to normal human development.

34 phenomenon has been described for the body, skull and brain size of red-toothed shrews and some must

35 in preosteoblasts and periosteal dura causes skull and CV malformations, similar to humans harboring

36 ssil is represented by an associated partial skull and dentaries with a nearly complete dentition, an

37 normal, suggesting that morphogens from the skull and dura establish optimal venous networks indepen

38 Development of the human skull and face is a highly orchestrated and complex thre

39 ure required extensive reorganization of the skull and fin spines, but the functional role of the sof

40 This partial skull and hand from Olduvai Gorge remains pivotal to eva

41 ith decreased performance in the base of the skull and in the neck (e.g., 78% for the maxillary regio

42 the scalp, localized on the left side of the skull and in the periauricular region.

43 also embedded into the limited space of the skull and its wiring has associated developmental and me

44 This ichthyosaur had a massive skull and large labiolingually flattened teeth with two

45 eletions, resulting in growth defects of the skull and long bones, showed that these enhancers functi

46 NDINGS: We report new material consisting of skull and mandibular remains of Gavialis from the Early

47 Our results show that the morphology of the skull and masticatory muscles have allowed squirrels to

48 yed a severely disturbed ossification of the skull and multiple fractures with prenatal onset.

49 Anatomical features of the skull and neck were acquired to quantify the effect of b

50 round the foramina in the basal parts of the skull and spinal canal, sprouting along the blood vessel

51 gornis sandersi sp. nov. is represented by a skull and substantial postcranial material.

52 relationship between the architecture of the skull and the specific articulations that close during n

53 provide evidence for convergent evolution of skull and thus brain shrinkage and regrowth, with import

54 e identified nine perimortem injuries to the skull and two to the postcranial skeleton.

55 intrinsic signal imaging through the intact skull and two-photon imaging of calcium signals in singl

56 In contrast, all 12 Ivolgin skulls and 5 Ust'-Polui skulls were clearly identified a

57 ogical samples including mouse brain tissue, skull, and lymph nodes.

58 ye migrates to the contralateral side of the skull, and this migration is accompanied by extensive cr

59 ved forms of which have shortened, toothless skulls, and which diverged from close relatives by devel

60 erformed to attach a head frame to the mouse skull ( approximately 1 h).

61 igh-resolution CT scans suggest areas of the skull are affected differently during shrinking and regr

62 Instead, the beak and skull are highly integrated structures strongly regulate

63 sed with respect to these forces, or whether skulls are mechanically "over-designed" and constrained

64 show that African slender-snouted crocodile skulls are more resistant to bending than an equivalent

65 Plaster modelled skulls are well known at Jericho and several other Neoli

66 over, the Tak1 mutant mice showed defects in skull, articular cartilage, and mesenchymal stromal cell

67 We show that, of the 93 human skull articulations at birth, the few articulations that

68 Only the classification of the UP6571 skull as a dog (Dog Posterior Probability = 1.0) was not

69 It is similar in shape to recent African skulls as well as to European skulls from the Upper Pala

70 ic measurement of neurochemicals through the skull, as well as other biomedical applications.

71 in therapeutically challenging tumors of the skull base and higher grade.

72 r-old man, CT showed bone destruction of the skull base and medial wall of the left orbit.

73 eliminate postulated roles for dura mater or skull base changes in craniosynostosis.

74 Skull base fractures that cannot be shown by conventiona

75 uired over standard acquisition fields (from skull base to ischia, from vertex to ischia, from skull

76 base to ischia, from vertex to ischia, from skull base to mid thigh, from vertex to mid thigh).

77 with the most common sites being the sacrum, skull base, and spine.

78 such as bone and soft-tissue sarcoma of the skull base, head and neck, and pelvis, promising data we

79 cases (50%), there was an involvement of the skull base.

80 on by disrupted morphology of the developing skull base.

81 ed a large expansile and erosive mass in the skull base.

82 l stability, and originating from the medial skull base.

83 This is important because categorizing the skull based on the number of openings in the complex of

84 Predictions of skull biomechanical capability based on virtual models c

85 onstitutive beta-catenin activation inhibits skull bone fate selection.

86 st, to our knowledge, clinical evaluation of skull bone identification based on a ZTE sequence.

87 We also show that the skull bone is permeable to small-molecular-weight compou

88 ow in mice that removal of beta-catenin from skull bone progenitors results in the near complete tran

89 suggest that the topological arrangement of skull bones might act as a structural constraint, predis

90 Skull bones ossify directly, in a process regulated by b

91 risis), who were older than 24 months or had skull bones suitable for stereotactic surgery, and who h

92 s in the near complete transformation of the skull bones to cartilage, whereas constitutive beta-cate

93 onists were injected subcutaneously over the skull bones.

94 ogenesis, we developed a novel murine closed-skull brain injury model that mirrors some pathological

95 ption, where the shape, mass and size of the skull, brain, and several major organs, show significant

96 hibit high evolutionary rates throughout the skull, but their close relatives, Falconiformes, exhibit

97 ical museum sample of pedigreed hairless dog skulls by using ancient DNA extraction and present the a

98 epression in the outer or inner table of the skull) can help differentiate lesions of extracranial an

99 rtial skeleton (CEUM 9758), paratype partial skull (CEUM 5212), and abundant disarticulated elements

100 cal disorder characterized by a reduction in skull circumference and total brain volume, whereas a fa

101 orating white matter anisotropy or different skull compartments.

102 ts the weakened functional integration among skull components required for biting.

103 uire different degrees of coordination among skull components, are associated with shifts in the patt

104 Mechanical analysis of diapsid reptile skulls could shed light on this longstanding debate.

105 BC) excavations yielded six unique human skulls covered with a black organic coating applied in a

106 lt ultrasound transducer was attached to the skull, covering a cranial window.

107 Previous research has shown that skull deepening and widening are major evolutionary patt

108 ngenital syndrome characterized by occipital skull defects and vitreoretinal degeneration.

109 cele or meningocele in 3 patients, occipital skull defects in 4 patients, minor occipital changes in

110 Aside from occipital skull defects, central nervous system abnormalities are

111 , disconjugate gaze due in part to distorted skull development causing strabismic amblyopia, and OPG)

112 n important structural boundary in mammalian skull development, remains unclear.

113 igating the molecular mechanisms of skin and skull development.

114 iomechanical factors in constraining general skull dimensions to localized functional optima through

115 are associated with shifts in the pattern of skull diversification in eels (Anguilliformes).

116 r 1) represents extracerebral tissue (scalp, skull, dura mater, subarachnoid space, etc.) and the bot

117 In this study we developed a tool to record skull EEG in awake-behaving rats in a similar manner to

118 in both humans and rodents, suggesting that skull EEG may be a powerful tool for further translation

119 asured cortical field potentials via thinned-skull electroencephalography recordings and CBF with las

120 The homologies of mammalian skull elements are now fairly well established, except f

121 The vertebrate skull evolved to protect the brain and sense organs, but

122 of plesiomorphically low-MA and moderate-SE skulls evolving towards higher-MA and moderate-SE skulls

123 n after bTBI also had a higher prevalence of skull/facial fractures and worse cognitive function.

124 The skull flap was left in place.

125 A cortical impact on the surface of the skull flap was performed using an electromagnetic impact

126 Here, we report through-scalp and through-skull fluorescence imaging of mouse cerebral vasculature

127 We then demonstrate non-invasive through-skull fluorescence imaging of the brain vasculature of m

128 This suggests that the evolution of skull form may be linked to these forces, but an importa

129 lass of dogs is highly correlated with their skull form.

130 sess the correlation between bone strain and skull form.

131 mixed-breed dogs to dissect the genetics of skull form.

132 ures without the need to surgically thin the skull, form a transcranial window or implant optical fib

133 physical examination findings suggestive of skull fracture (likelihood ratio [LR], 16; 95% CI, 3.1-5

134 shift (OR, 6.8; 95% CI, 3.4-13.8), depressed skull fracture (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 3.7-11.4), and epidural

135 geminal nerve anesthesia-one following basal skull fracture and another following large posterior fos

136 tabase of all patients with TBI (findings of skull fracture and/or intracranial hemorrhage on an init

137 that mTBI model did not produce brain edema, skull fracture or sensorimotor coordination dysfunctions

138 A third patient with a history of basal skull fracture underwent unilateral corneal neurotizatio

139 Lower GCS score, midline shift, depressed skull fracture, and epidural hematoma are key risk facto

140 tracranial hemorrhage (other than epidural), skull fracture, and higher head/neck injury severity.

141 Certain findings, including signs of skull fracture, GCS score of 13, 2 or more vomiting epis

142 , ejected from vehicle, fall >1 m, suspected skull fracture, or GCS score <15 at 2 hours) had an LR o

143 ospective database on all patients with TBI (skull fracture/intracranial hemorrhage on head computed

144 traumatic brain injury; seven studies), and skull fractures (risk ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.03-2.91; si

145 the acutely ill patient or identification of skull fractures in the assessment of a patient with head

146 er age, traumatic brain injury severity, and skull fractures predict anterior pituitary disorders, wh

147 for atraumatic brain abnormalities, isolated skull fractures, or chronic intracranial hemorrhage.

148 ent three individuals: EQH1, a nondiagnostic skull fragment; EQH2, an upper right third molar (RM(3))

149 uthus primigenius) and bison (Bison priscus) skull fragments.

150 The skull frequently had a collapsed appearance with overlap

151 e-bodied taxon with a slender and ornamented skull from the Carnian Pekin Formation (~231 Ma), repres

152 A well-preserved giant pliosaurid skull from the Late Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation o

153 e describe an exceptionally preserved fossil skull from the Lower Triassic of Brazil, representing a

154 Developing skulls from both Amel- and Ambn-deficient animals were a

155 pic and genomic sequence data from two human skulls from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, part of o

156 recent African skulls as well as to European skulls from the Upper Palaeolithic period, but different

157 Development of the vertebrate skull has been studied intensively for more than 150 yea

158 l shape variation demonstrates that the bird skull has evolved in a mosaic fashion reflecting the dev

159 Its skull has small upper and ventrally open lower temporal

160 ring the normal postnatal development of the skull have also lower reliability scores than those arti

161 The unique bird skull houses two highly specialized systems: the sophist

162 Tak1-deficient mutants display a round skull, hypoplastic maxilla and mandible, and cleft palat

163 tric morphometrics on a sample set of thirty skulls in combination with a reevaluation of the propose

164 sembly of key features of the archosauriform skull, including the antorbital and mandibular fenestrae

165 wever, the maxilla is firmly united with the skull, indicating an akinetic rostrum.

166 during repair of zebrafish fin fractures and skull injuries.

167 in pO2 measurements through the intact mouse skull into the bone marrow, where all blood cells are ma

168 In both taxa the temporal region of the skull is enclosed by bone and the jaw joint structure an

169 The skull is intermediate between that of lizards and snakes

170 The shape of the human face and skull is largely genetically determined.

171 ortant area of debate is whether bone in the skull is minimised with respect to these forces, or whet

172 not 1 calvaria demonstrate that this partial skull is unequivocally modern.

173 emature fusion of the calvarial bones of the skull, is a relatively common pediatric disease, occurri

174 Here, we used morphometrics of skull isosurfaces derived from 374 pedigree and mixed-br

175 he corresponding CT data, in the case of the skull itself (e.g., 47% mismatch for the parietal region

176 Species of Pliosaurus had robust skulls, large body sizes (with skull lengths of 1.7-2.1

177 With a skull length of >50 cm, the new taxon documents a rare i

178 of the cranial base in comparison with total skull length.

179 us had robust skulls, large body sizes (with skull lengths of 1.7-2.1 metres), and trihedral or subtr

180 nal extinction in the early Late Cretaceous (skull lengths up to 1750 mm).

181 e Early Jurassic until the Early Cretaceous (skull lengths up to 2360 mm).

182 s and strain, making the rostral part of the skull less susceptible to bending and displacement, and

183 c beam as a model for the neck attached to a skull-like cone revealed the limits for the stability of

184 omplex multibody computer model of a primate skull (Macaca fascicularis), that aims to predict muscle

185 Here we report the discovery of the first skull material of a gondwanatherian, a complete and well

186 aurs incorporating new predicted I. latidens skull metrics suggests Istiodactylidae is constrained to

187 The new skull model of I. latidens agrees with the scavenging ha

188 However, taxonomically diverse skull models in the literature often are not directly co

189 We constructed a series of skull models of Herpestes javanicus, and simulated unila

190 Both the evolutionary rate and disparity of skull modules are associated with their developmental or

191 protein (BMP) signaling plays many roles in skull morphogenesis.

192 e for T. speciosus; evidence of selection on skull morphology was detected for T. alpinus, but not fo

193 importance of enhancers in defining face and skull morphology.

194 mit FUS application through the intact human skull, obviating the need for invasive and risky surgica

195 used in fossae of the periotic region of the skull of different vertebrates.

196 nning of the nearly complete and articulated skull of Erlikosaurus andrewsi, as well as partial brain

197 a novel character/taxon matrix to study the skull of Eunotosaurus africanus, a 260-million-year-old

198 These features indicate that the skull of I. latidens is particularly distinctive amongst

199 ave been exclusively based on the incomplete skull of NHMUK R3877 and, perhaps erroneously, reconstru

200 The skull of the Cretaceous pterosaur Istiodactylus latidens

201 edict the physiological forces acting on the skull of the diapsid reptile Sphenodon.

202 es and microglia dynamics through the intact skulls of adult mice.

203 Our analyses suggest that the frame-like skulls of diapsid reptiles are probably optimally formed

204 Comparison with similarly aged juvenile skulls of extant great apes reveals no features suggesti

205 Compared to those of mammals, the skulls of many extant and extinct diapsids comprise an o

206 of Polynesians in DNA extracted from ancient skulls of the now extinct Botocudo Indians from Brazil.

207 The placement of over 50 skulls of the well-known horned dinosaur Triceratops wit

208 of landmarks on all known theropod dinosaur skull ontogenies as well as outgroups and birds.

209 rol but without surgical intervention of the skull or artery.

210 ger than that of fractures not involving the skull or spine for schizophrenia, depression, and organi

211 ne diseases, and fractures not involving the skull or spine.

212 remely turbid biological tissue, such as the skull, over an extended corrected field of view (FOV).

213 First, the skull overlying the cerebellum is removed, and then the

214 ucted by assuming continuation of its broken skull pieces as preserved in situ.

215 A trans-human skull porcine model was designed for the preclinical tes

216 Conclusion With a trans-human skull porcine model, this study demonstrated BBB opening

217 act to modify the strain environment of the skull, possibly as a mode of dissipating high stresses g

218 ocumented at population level from extracted skulls post-mortem.

219 field of view through an intact transparent skull preparation.

220 ones, affects the correct development of the skull producing morphological malformations in newborns.

221 enin directly activated Twist1 expression in skull progenitors, conditional Twist1 deletion partially

222 fusion of one or more cranial sutures of the skull, provides a paradigm for investigating the interpl

223 of small foci suspicious of lytic lesions on skull radiographs, seen as arachnoid granulations fovea

224 R3877 is redescribed and used to revise the skull reconstruction of I. latidens.

225 the early 20(th) century but ignored by all skull reconstructions of this species.

226 clinical features included flattening of the skull, reduced crossbite, straightening of the tibias an

227 Here we report on the first near-complete skull remains of a North American Late Cretaceous metath

228 The skull residue samples were dominated by benzoate and cin

229 the cerebellar tonsils below the base of the skull, resulting in significant neurologic morbidity.

230 This skull reveals for the first time the mosaic assembly of

231 pterygian affinity with actinopterygian-like skull roof and braincase geometry, including endoskeleta

232 The close correspondence between the skull roof of Janusiscus and that of osteichthyans sugge

233 The skull roof of Janusiscus resembles that of early osteich

234 endolymphatic ducts exiting posterior to the skull roof) but lacking a ventral cranial fissure, the p

235 d from other species by its unique dome-like skull roof, highly convex premaxilla, and other features

236 er dinosaurian inventions, such as thickened skull roofs.

237 rface Laplacian method was used to calculate skull-scalp currents corresponding to the measured scalp

238 The new lagerpetid preserves the first skull, scapular and forelimb elements, plus associated v

239 ion leads to a severe disorder with deformed skull, severe seizures, short limbs, profound psychomoto

240 d sometimes trigeminal anaesthesia, towering skull shape and dysmorphic features.

241 uggests correspondingly worldwide changes in skull shape and form across the agricultural transition,

242 antify the influence of diet on global human skull shape and form.

243 Ontogenetic changes in skull shape and size are ubiquitous in altricial vertebr

244 in turn led to marked, convergent changes in skull shape in the ancestors of Cotylocara, and in the l

245 The overall similarity of the skull shape of some dog breeds with that of juvenile wol

246 We quantified skull shape variation in 34 extant and 18 extinct specie

247 on the genetics of body size, leg length and skull shape, while setting the stage for tackling other

248 tion, thus influencing differential rates of skull-shape evolution in these two clades.

249 Perspectives, we discuss the origins of dog skull shapes in terms of history and biology and highlig

250 The distribution of actual skull shapes in the landscape showed a convergent trend

251 s (higher "NeanderScore") is associated with skull shapes resembling those of known Neanderthal crani

252 ond, at any given age, juvenile dogs exhibit skull shapes that resemble those of consistently younger

253 Functionality of theoretical skull shapes was studied using finite element analysis (

254 nces in understanding the genetics of canine skull shapes.

255 romandibular joints, in addition to abnormal skull shapes.

256 First, dog skulls show unique (neomorphic) features already shortly

257 Areas closer to the skull showed the largest improvement.

258 Radiocarbon analysis of the skulls shows that the individuals had died prior to the

259 , we followed the intra-individual change in skull size and body mass throughout the full cycle in wi

260 ler taxa may be due to positive allometry in skull size with body mass in ceratopsids, while slender

261 s and developmental mechanisms that make dog skulls so morphologically plastic.

262 Most bone lesions were in the skull, spine, or jaw.

263 The wounds to the skull suggest that Richard was not wearing a helmet, alt

264 Instead both have skulls suited to forceful biting.

265 icities in the digit anlagen, growth plates, skull sutures and fingertips.

266 ave recently developed a rat model of closed skull TBI that reproduces human TBI consequences, includ

267 e new reconstruction suggests a much shorter skull than previously supposed, along with a relatively

268 These double mutant mice had longer skulls than Axin2(-/-) mice, indicating that Runx2 haplo

269 n accurate, dynamic, functional model of the skull that can be used to predict muscle forces, bite fo

270 intramembranous bone development within the skull that involves Runx2- and Hdac3-mediated suppressio

271 ery mechanisms, utilizing bony spines on the skull that pierce the skin in areas with concentrations

272 latest Cretaceous, and most species had deep skulls that allowed them to generate extreme bite forces

273 tly requires craniotomy, cranial windows and skull thinning techniques, and the penetration depth is

274 s evolving towards higher-MA and moderate-SE skulls; this is corroborated by FEA of 13 actual specime

275 prematurely, we used a network model of the skull to quantify the link reliability (an index based o

276 en an ancestral turtle with an open, diapsid skull to the closed, anapsid condition of modern turtles

277 ange in a single spiral acquisition from the skull to the proximal femoral bones, tube voltage - 120

278 cidence of all fracture locations (excluding skull, toes, and fingers) and falls, 10-year cumulative

279 along with 309 samples of other extra-axial skull tumours that might histologically mimic meningioma

280 learly segregated all meningiomas from other skull tumours.

281 Moderate defluorination was observed as skull uptake.

282 re, we analyze mosaic evolution in the avian skull using high-dimensional 3D surface morphometric dat

283 The mammalian skull vault consists of several intricately patterned bo

284 The bones of the mammalian skull vault form through intramembranous ossification.

285 of Foxc1 results in a dramatic reduction in skull vault growth and causes an expansion of Msx2 expre

286 lethality, chondrodysplasia and loss of the skull vault.

287 istribution to muscle tissue surrounding the skull (VT, 0.86 +/- 0.10 mL/cm(3)).

288 This pattern suggests that the kinetic skull was a key innovation that permitted the diversific

289 A partial human skull was positioned over the animal's brain.

290 eloped a novel trauma model featuring closed-skull weight-drop TBI and concomitant tibial fracture in

291 FEM meshes of the eye, orbit, and skull were generated.

292 rast, all 12 Ivolgin skulls and 5 Ust'-Polui skulls were clearly identified as dogs.

293 uses of a large range of variation among the skulls when they are plotted in a morphospace.

294 snakes evolved a highly specialized, kinetic skull, which was followed by a major adaptive radiation

295 A simple two-dimensional design space, with skull width-to-length and depth-to-length ratios as vari

296 overage of a 3 mm trephine defect in a mouse skull with a collagen scaffold soaked in saline, bone mo

297 mography, we show that besides having a deep skull with a short and broad rostrum, the most outstandi

298 , increased aerial ability, and paedomorphic skulls with reduced snouts but enlarged eyes and brains.

299 asively detect neurotransmitters through the skull would aid in understanding brain function and the

300 element (FE) models of a modern domestic pig skull would improve model accuracy compared to a model w