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1 ysical inactivity, and 4.8 years for current smoking.
2 smoking initiation and past 30-day cigarette smoking.
3 offer a lower risk alternative to cigarette smoking.
4 previously been found to be associated with smoking.
5 e, Barrett's esophagus, obesity, and tobacco smoking.
6 nvolved in the reinforcing effect of tobacco smoking.
7 e due to correlation between EA and maternal smoking.
8 the disease are differentially methylated by smoking.
9 d after overnight abstinence and again after smoking.
10 phageal reflux disease, central obesity, and smoking.
11 d rs1079597, with an adjustment for habitual smoking.
12 d educate patients regarding ocular risks of smoking.
13 el mimics human male reproductive effects of smoking.
14 te its efficacy during acute abstinence from smoking.
15 -a disorder that can be accompanied by heavy smoking.
16 modified by parity, latitude, fetal sex, or smoking.
17 ression with adjustment for age, gender, and smoking.
18 for > 60 pack-years of smoking versus never smoking.
19 current nicotine dependence (DSM criteria), smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day, and a willingness
20 tients about ocular diseases associated with smoking, 142 (49%) "seldom" or "never" ask patients who
21 women was 1.3% (95% CI 0.8-1.9) for tobacco smoking, 2.1% (1.1-3.4) for smokeless tobacco use, and 3
23 actions were seen in ventral striatum during smoking abstinence when subjects performed the monetary
26 i (15q25.1 and 19q13.2) were associated with smoking adjusted lung function, and 15q25.1 reached geno
27 iations, with the exception of daily tobacco smoking (adjusted OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.08-2.81), any illici
30 for age, height, weight, pack-years, current smoking, age at completed full-time education, spiromete
31 to estimate hypothetical effects of habits (smoking, alcohol consumption, and fat and carbohydrates
32 dy mass index, socioeconomic position, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, a
34 ts (OR 3.07 [95% CI 1.75-5.38; p=0.0001] for smoking and 3.97 [2.17-7.25; p<0.0001] for perianal dise
35 married, living in the rural area, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were associated with insomn
38 s examining the association between maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring
43 ion of rs660895-G with PD, and suggests that smoking and HLA-DRB1 are involved in common pathways, po
45 es examined the association between prenatal smoking and NEC-associated infant mortality rates with a
48 h lower total mortality after adjustment for smoking and other potential confounders (1 cup per day:
53 Sociodemographic, mental/physical health, smoking and treatment characteristics (nicotine replacem
55 >/=3 days [frequent]) and daily intensity of smoking and vaping (number of cigarettes smoked per day,
56 s in the United States, with inhalation (ie, smoking and vaping) being one of the most common routes
60 ions with seropositivity were similar across smoking and/or drinking exposure groups: HRfor low expos
61 ts who smoke about their willingness to quit smoking, and 249 (85%) "seldom" or "never" discuss poten
63 ss index, blood pressure, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) in late adolescence us
66 , educate patients regarding ocular risks of smoking, and discuss with patients smoking cessation opt
69 formed, all models were adjusted for age and smoking, and p-values were adjusted for false discovery.
71 levated blood pressure, physical inactivity, smoking, and poor glucose control) are associated with i
74 stinctive sensory and behavioural aspects of smoking, and understanding the neural effects of such pr
75 t, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, smoking, and urinary sodium excretion levels measured at
76 cal activity, diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking-and cognition, adjusting for demographic factors
77 e UK Biobank (N=48,931) using heavy vs never smoking as a proxy phenotype (P=3.6 x 10(-4), OR=1.05, a
78 tus for lung adenocarcinoma risk among never-smoking Asian women, we conducted a meta-analysis of 11
80 ears) of systolic BP, total-cholesterol, and smoking associated inversely with midlife visual and epi
87 boratory-based risk score included age, sex, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, and total cholesterol
88 ulated population attributable fractions for smoking, body-mass index (BMI), physical activity, alcoh
92 udies were included if they reported nurses' smoking cessation practices in relation to their persona
96 gnificantly increased within 3-9 years since smoking cessation, and the significant association persi
97 nAChR PAM compound for possible efficacy in smoking cessation, in smokers with or without schizophre
106 in cholesterol), and clinical variables (C) (smoking, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral arterial dise
108 factors were measured at baseline (obesity, smoking, diabetes, prehypertension, hypertension, and hy
109 and hemorrhagic stroke, while hypertension, smoking, diet, and physical inactivity are among some of
110 arital status, material deprivation history, smoking, drinking and socioeconomic status, working-age
111 aspects of smoking exposure (smoking status, smoking duration, cigarettes per day, pack-years smoked,
114 methylation changes associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy have been described in placenta
115 strong support for a causal role of maternal smoking during pregnancy in offspring depression, rather
116 ailed to find support for a causal effect of smoking during pregnancy on risk of severe mental illnes
118 nown to be strongly associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, and thus their association wit
120 had been exposed to their own mother's (F0) smoking during pregnancy, the offspring (F2) would be at
126 evalent hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking exist within states and within counties in the c
127 models considered age and various aspects of smoking exposure (smoking status, smoking duration, ciga
129 lation attributable fraction was highest for smoking, followed by physical inactivity then socioecono
130 the brain processes involved in (simulated) smoking for the first time, and validate a novel approac
136 lic risk factors with increased risk of HCC; smoking has a significant effect on this association.
137 unfavorable lifestyle factors were included: smoking, heavy alcohol use, unhealthy diet and physical
138 ls were adjusted for age, race or ethnicity, smoking, hepatitis C virus infection, alcohol use disord
139 ogate of human papillomavirus) and cigarette smoking history (pack-years) randomly assigned to clinic
140 nts with intracranial aneurysm (53.8%) had a smoking history vs 163 of 564 patients without intracran
142 ing for clinical site, patient age, reported smoking history, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, HIV, a
144 alcohol intake, physical inactivity, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity), and morta
145 ssion analyses adjusted for body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and systemic steroid us
146 tors included body mass index >/=30, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and total cholesterol >
147 e 10), mental health problems, daily tobacco smoking, illicit drug use, and dependence were all more
148 radrenergic alpha2a agonist, reduced tobacco smoking in a 4-week trial and in animal models has been
155 nteraction of a variant in NOD2 with current smoking in relation to the risk for CD (frameshift varia
156 ctical difficulties associated with subjects smoking in the modern neuroscientific laboratory environ
157 effective interventions to prevent paternal smoking in the presence of children would reduce LRTI-re
159 ltivariate analysis, only PV replication and smoking independently increased the risk of bladder canc
162 group also had more diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, infarcts from small-vessel disease, and "other
163 pport of a causal effect of schizophrenia on smoking initiation (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98-1.04, p = 0.32)
166 d with greater risk for subsequent cigarette smoking initiation and past 30-day cigarette smoking.
167 tle evidence of a causal association between smoking initiation and schizophrenia, in either directio
168 evidence consistent with a causal effect of smoking initiation on schizophrenia risk (OR 1.73, 95% C
169 and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits.
177 nts who smoke cigarettes and to confirm that smoking is significantly independently associated with S
179 arrett's Esophagus score) based on male sex, smoking, length of BE, and baseline low-grade dysplasia
181 the risk of developing IBD including diets, smoking, lifestyle choices, enteric infections, appendec
185 a use (great or moderate risk to health from smoking marijuana occasionally) and marijuana use (past
189 Our study shows that using population-level smoking metrics uncovers significant relationships betwe
190 ays, and shared seventeen genes with a mouse smoking model and twenty genes with previous emphysema s
191 binding studies, RNA-interference, a murine smoking model, and expression quantitative trait locus a
192 : Our study provides the first evidence that smoking modifies the previously reported inverse associa
196 d implant-related factors (sex, patient age, smoking, number of remaining teeth, percentage of teeth
197 le risk factors include sedentary lifestyle, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep a
198 ed by high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, and oth
199 OS was associated negatively with cumulative smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 0.992; 95% CI 0.984-1.000 per
201 nt smokers can lessen the impact of maternal smoking on offspring pulmonary function and decrease the
202 e of this study was to examine the impact of smoking on respiratory diseases, hypertension and myocar
203 mice and humans revealed that the effects of smoking on risk for IBD depend on genetic variants.
206 Analogous to the development model, ever smoking (OR 6.70; 95%CI 6.41-6.99), prior asthma (OR 6.4
209 x, race, state (Iowa or North Carolina), and smoking (pack years), to estimate associations between e
210 d Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) ever-smoking participants (1,463 lung cancer cases and 915 lu
211 metric measures from a subset of 6,425 never-smoking participants without respiratory symptoms or dis
213 l characterised cohort of former and current smoking patients with a broad range of COPD severity, hi
215 lence of COPD, especially in countries where smoking patterns have become similar between women and m
216 er cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis for any smoking phenotype, we reconfirmed the well-known CHRNA5-
217 g for covariates (age, sex, education, race, smoking, physical activity, and obesity), people with vi
218 f the five major HRBs-alcohol use; cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and illici
221 t when we matched pooled ORs with adult male smoking prevalence (z = 2.55, p = 0.01) in each country,
223 8, 11, 13, and 14) between 2007 and 2014 and smoking prevalence estimates between 2005 and 2015.
225 sures is significantly associated with lower smoking prevalence, with anticipated future reductions i
226 Although we acknowledge the importance of smoking prevention and cessation, this is a large topic
227 al was observed for increasing pack-years of smoking ( Ptrend = .008), with HR for death of 1.49 (95%
229 over 25 kg/m(2), diabetes, past and current smoking, red meat consumption, saturated fat and cholest
230 erosols were generated with standard intense smoking regimens with careful consideration for dose by
234 l sensitivity analyses: after excluding most smoking-related cancer cases (OR, 1.10 per procedure; 95
237 suggest that the effects of TNP on mood- and smoking-related outcomes may vary depending on the ovari
239 We tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoking-relevant nicotine inhalation during pregnancy im
240 cantly increase risk for SP included tobacco smoking (RR, 2.47; 95% CI, 2.12-2.87), alcohol intake (R
243 idence interval [CI]: 11.0, 64.4; P = .006), smoking (smokers vs nonsmokers, 45.2 mm(3); 95% CI: 7.1,
244 x, chronic disease, socioeconomic status and smoking social integration was inversely related to ten-
245 beta = 0.79; P < .001) were associated with smoking sooner during the smoking relapse-analog task.
246 for baseline Gender-Age-Physiology stage and smoking status (hazard ratio per 10% visual GGR increase
247 Patients and Methods We analyzed survival by smoking status among 1,037 patients from two large US pr
248 shed computational model captured effects of smoking status and administration of nicotine and vareni
249 Most eye care providers assess patients' smoking status and educate patients regarding ocular ris
250 ncontrolled CRS, whereas allergy, asthma and smoking status did not alter the percentage of patients
252 The association of airflow obstruction with smoking status was stronger in women (odds ratio for ex-
253 " or "periodically" ask patients about their smoking status, 251 (86%) "seldom" or "never" ask patien
255 t as an independent variable identified age, smoking status, body mass index, haemoglobin, serum uric
256 sex, primary tumour type, age at diagnosis, smoking status, chemotherapy drug class, and duration of
257 n models fitted the association of age, sex, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, educational level, al
258 cluded baseline covariates: race, education, smoking status, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
259 n of eye care providers who assess patients' smoking status, educate patients regarding ocular risks
260 were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, education, energy intake, examination ye
261 age, body mass index, race, supplement use, smoking status, educational level, income, and aspirin u
262 tes diagnosis, systolic blood pressure, BMI, smoking status, estimated glomerular filtration rate, LD
264 ight was maintained across strata defined by smoking status, sex, and age, but the excess was greates
265 age and various aspects of smoking exposure (smoking status, smoking duration, cigarettes per day, pa
266 C-reactive protein, HbA1c, height, obesity, smoking status, triglycerides, type 2 diabetes, waist-hi
267 bA1c, longevity, obesity, self-rated health, smoking status, triglycerides, type 2 diabetes, waist-hi
268 th, family history, alcohol consumption, and smoking status, which suggests that most risk factor ass
272 significant risk factor for AMD in LSOCA was smoking; the relative risk vs never-smokers was 3.4 for
275 es were adjusted for age, Tyrer-Cuzick risk, smoking, use of hormone replacement therapy, menopausal
281 y participants aged between 36-55 and 56-80, smoking was positively associated with the risk of incid
283 magnitude of association with maternal ever-smoking was stronger in male children compared with fema
284 model, adjusting for pack-years of cigarette smoking, was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% con
286 is, higher comorbidity scores and history of smoking were associated with a higher odds of the primar
290 body-mass index (BMI) z-score and household smoking were strong predictors of higher BDE-153 levels.
292 el health impacts and improve adjustment for smoking when studying other risk factors with more subtl
293 uals, there were synergistic interactions of smoking with infant respiratory infection (P = 0.04) and
299 er, height, early pregnancy body mass index, smoking, year of delivery, maternal pregestational diabe
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