ライフサイエンスコーパス: snake

1 defining features of squamates (lizards and snakes).

2 the Lepidosauromorpha (tuatara, lizards and snakes).

3 gination like a rapid strike from a venomous snake.

4 se (IBD), a serious transmissible disease of snakes.

5 erlie the extreme elongation of the trunk in snakes.

6 limb development were not completely lost in snakes.

7 ppression events in the ancestor of advanced snakes.

8 consumed significantly higher percentages of snakes.

9 e of vertebrates, including fish, but not in snakes.

10 atterns in the distribution and abundance of snakes.

11 loss of regionalization in the evolution of snakes.

12 ecies with a lower body temperature, such as snakes.

13 on of several novel arenaviruses in diseased snakes.

14 amniote clades and extant lizards, including snakes.

15 tes the causal mutation of amelanism in corn snakes.

16 e of LMC neurons in limbless species such as snakes.

17 r emotion regulation, as assessed by fear of snakes.

18 creatures across many scales, from sperm to snakes.

19 urtus) and horned (Acalyptophis peronii) sea snakes.

20 as mammals and diverse groups of lizards and snakes.

21 ious disease originally described in captive snakes.

22 ophiodiicola and SFD occur in wild European snakes.

23 nd was present in the common ancestor of all snakes.

24 of turtles and not in the eyes of anoles and snakes.

25 when dispatching larger lizards and venomous snakes [5].

26 ose to alpha1-heme while its aliphatic chain snakes along a shallow cavity making hydrophobic interac

27 m fearful responses to both a HI and a model snake, alongside sustained attention (vigilance) to nove

28 f binding for alpha-bungarotoxin and similar snake alpha-neurotoxins also targeting alpha7 nAChR.

29 he survival when passing through dams on the Snake and Columbia Rivers.

30 mparative analyses with other representative snake and lizard genomes.

31 Finally, we show that snake and mouse orthologous enhancer sequences can displ

32 tionary fate of the rods in a diurnal garter snake and test two competing hypotheses: (i) that the ro

33 c patterns of facultative parthenogenesis in snakes and a sex-linked color mutation in the ball pytho

34 of many taxa, including bats, corals, bees, snakes and amphibians.

35 cribed early, while descriptions of lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians are multimodal with respect to

36 erosaurs, birds, and bats or limblessness in snakes and amphisbaenians, can be recognized as classica

37 different toxin paralogs found in different snakes and are therefore likely to be as important as an

38 ritating sprays, and mimicry of plant parts, snakes and bird droppings, has been extensively document

39 the venom composition of six related viperid snakes and compare interspecific changes in the number o

40 lvinar: feedforward processing for images of snakes and cortico-pulvinar-cortical integration for ima

41 hini blennies and shows that, in contrast to snakes and lizards, the fangs pre-date the venom.

42 om composition is a ubiquitous phenomenon in snakes and occurs both interspecifically and intraspecif

43 y models are more appropriate for monitoring snakes and other elusive species, but that population tr

44 enomes along with genomic samples from other snakes and perform transcriptome analysis to gain insigh

45 collision is underestimated for threatening (snakes and spiders) compared to non-threatening (butterf

46 of gamma oscillations in the Early phase for snakes and the Late phase for monkey faces, but no signi

47 concentrated in squamates (59% lizards, 35% snakes, and 2% amphisbaenians).

48 ern of hippocampal organization (in lizards, snakes, and the tuatara Sphenodon) that differs substant

49 lium of ciliary body of garter snakes, queen snakes, anole lizards, snapping turtles, and painted tur

50 Snakes are a remarkably diverse and successful group tod

51 Although advanced snakes are completely limbless, basal and intermediate s

52 shifts to mimetic coloration in nonvenomous snakes are highly correlated with coral snakes in both s

53 e show that the exceptionally long trunks of snakes are likely to result from heterochronic changes i

54 Snakes are limbless predators, and many species use veno

55 fact, these populations of Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes are so resistant to TTX that the potential for cu

56 le, the shape, length, and branching of the "snake" arrays.

57 hromosomes and further enhances the value of snakes as a model for studying sex chromosome evolution.

58 nd might play an important role in detecting snakes as predators of primates.

59 esis that competitive interactions influence snake assemblage composition; the strength of these effe

60 e similarly explained by spatial factors but snake assemblages facing dry summers are more affected b

61 We used 218 snake assemblages to quantify the compositional (CBD) an

62 semblages, and determine the extent in which snake assemblages under distinct climatological regimes

63 elated factors best explain the structure of snake assemblages within a same climatological regime.

64 conditions in structuring the CBD and PBD of snake assemblages, and determine the extent in which sna

65 Here, we study snake biology using the genome sequence of the Burmese p

66 ers include food, medications, insect/mammal/snake bites, and chemicals.

67 ported had come to him in a daydream about a snake biting its tail.

68 Pentastomiasis is an emerging snake-borne parasitic zoonosis in the tropics.

69 shed light on the transition from lizards to snakes, but no snake has been described with four limbs,

70 ave so far been demonstrated in captive boid snakes, but their possible reservoir host(s) have not ye

71 ces of a missed strike when hunting venomous snakes can be deadly [5], so the kicking strikes of secr

72 Limbless organisms such as snakes can navigate nearly all terrain.

73 g the paradigm that contemporary patterns of snake co-occurrence are largely a function of diet parti

74 33 carcasses and 303 moulted skins from wild snakes collected from 2010-2016 in Great Britain and the

75 his work opens the perspective of using corn snake colour and pattern variants to investigate the gen

76 heteromorphic sex chromosomes in both garter snakes (Colubridae) and pygmy rattlesnake (Viperidae).

77 f snake predators on Orchid Island, with the snakes consuming lizard eggs when green turtle eggs are

78 s given in response to leopards, eagles, and snakes could be well distinguished, while the inclusion

79 The previous oldest known fossil snakes date from ~100 million year old sediments (Upper

80 xin (called Tx7335) from eastern green mamba snake (Dendroaspis angusticeps) venom.

81 nsistent with previous studies, and with the Snake Detection Theory, the EPN was significantly larger

82 We then examined a large-scale database of snake detection/nondetection data and used occupancy mod

83 Within land vertebrate species, snakes display extreme variations in their body plan, ch

84 , specifically between female calls given to snakes, eagles and during aggression, as well as between

85 e study period in red snapper (58%) and king snake eel (37%), indicating likely episodic exposure, wh

86 ) than in red snapper (61 mug g(-1)) or king snake eel (38 mug g(-1)).

87 lefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps), king snake eel (Ophichthus rex), and red snapper (Lutjanus ca

88 hile concentrations for red snapper and king snake eel are similar to pre-DWH levels measured in GoM

89 The results suggest that the EPN snake effect is partly driven by snake skin scale patter

90 Rat snakes (Elaphe obsolete), which exclusively scavenged fr

91 er snake skin patterns and partially exposed snakes elicit a larger EPN in humans.

92 the pathogen has not been reported from wild snakes elsewhere.

93 is strategy in a physical robot model of the snake enables the device to ascend sandy slopes close to

94 eage reinstated full in vivo function to the snake enhancer.

95 Two groups have studied the loss of limbs in snake evolution by focusing on a long-distance cis-actin

96 bility that re-emergence of hindlimbs during snake evolution did not require de novo re-evolution of

97 sive loss of forelimbs then hindlimbs during snake evolution.

98 ayed a role in reduction of hindlimbs during snake evolution.

99 es of middle-wavelength cone opsins in early snake evolution.

100 Limb reduction and loss are hallmarks of snake evolution.

101 dicate fossorial adaptation, suggesting that snakes evolved from burrowing rather than marine ancesto

102 Snakes exhibit genetic sex determination, with female he

103 As amelanistic snakes exhibit white, instead of black, borders around a

104 ex chromosome differentiation in these three snake families.

105 ermal conditions best explain CBD and PBD of snakes for the whole AF, whereas water-related factors b

106 snakes share features with fossil and modern snakes (for example, recurved teeth with labial and ling

107 We report here on snake fossils that extend the record backwards in time b

108 We describe a four-limbed snake from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Crato Formation

109 il skin, from a 10 million-year-old colubrid snake from the Late Miocene Libros Lagerstatte (Teruel,

110 s been isolated from over 30 species of wild snakes from six families in North America.

111 Together with a diverse fauna of basal snakes from the Cretaceous of South America, Africa, and

112 Snakes from these populations show patterns of genetic a

113 ble for the undesirable browning reaction in Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) was investi

114 Characterization study showed that mPPO from Snake fruit was optimally active at pH 6.5, temperature

115 Snake fungal disease (SFD) is an emerging disease of con

116 physiological and phenotypic adaptations in snakes; genes involved are related to cell cycle, develo

117 jor shifts in the structure and evolution of snake genomes compared with other amniotes.

118 how that many limb enhancers are retained in snake genomes, suggesting that these elements may functi

119 akes is diverse and complex, suggesting that snakes had undergone habitat differentiation and geograp

120 The snake has a serpentiform body plan with an elongate trun

121 he transition from lizards to snakes, but no snake has been described with four limbs, and the ecolog

122 urther analyses demonstrate that the HLEB of snakes has lost hindlimb enhancer function while retaini

123 However, mimicry of venomous coral snakes has remained controversial because of unresolved

124 Accordingly, snakes have been a well-studied model for sex chromosome

125 Star-nosed moles and tentacled snakes have exceptional mechanosensory systems that illu

126 Snakes have numerous features distinctive from other tet

127 phthalmus viridescens) and Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes (Heterodon platirhinos).

128 a framework for our deep understanding into snakes' history of molecular evolution.

129 In snakes, however, the thoracic region extends well into H

130 estigate different regulatory aspects at the snake HoxD locus.

131 shared between pygmy rattlesnake and garter snake, i.e., recombination was abolished between the sex

132 Prior evidence indicates that the Rotating Snakes illusion depends critically on eye movements, yet

133 c analysis of squamates recovers these early snakes in a basal polytomy with other fossil and modern

134 mous snakes are highly correlated with coral snakes in both space and time, providing overwhelming su

135 BD) and phylogenetic (PBD) beta-diversity of snakes in the Atlantic Forest (AF) hotspot, South Americ

136 None of the other snakes in the park was moribund, and RT-PCR results for

137 finds them in a basal position to all other snakes including Najash.

138 topographic organizational principle of the snake infrared system that is implemented by maintaining

139 -specific genetic markers reveals that these snakes instead possess XY sex chromosomes.

140 The developmental origin of snakes is best explained by decoupling of the primaxial

141 hysiological resistance in Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes is conferred by an alternate genetic mechanism.

142 The paleobiogeography of these early snakes is diverse and complex, suggesting that snakes ha

143 sis that the genetic distinctiveness of Iowa snakes is due to a combination of isolation and historic

144 domain of elongate, limb-reduced lizards and snakes is not deregionalized compared with limbed taxa,

145 ed with four limbs, and the ecology of early snakes is poorly known.

146 The origin of the snake-like body form, with its deregionalized pre-cloaca

147 (vertebrae, dorsal ribs) of the skeleton in snake-like body forms has never been analysed.

148 present ancestral conditions for clades with snake-like body forms.

149 Critically, our simulations reveal snake-like chains, over 40 A in length, which indicates

150 fferent cell morphology with highly flexible snake-like swarming cells.

151 c frustration: excess volume and correlated "snake-like" ionic transport; the latter infers correlate

152 y lay the foundation for swarming studies of snake-like, nonrod-shaped motile cell types.

153 ranscription factor binding site lost in the snake lineage reinstated full in vivo function to the sn

154 zards, shortly after the separation from the snake lineage.

155 oreover, legs may have re-emerged in extinct snake lineages [1-5], suggesting that the mechanisms of

156 quently evolved resistance in four different snake lineages beginning approximately 38 mya.

157 nt toxin-encoding gene families in different snake lineages is widely perceived as the main cause of

158 endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, which feed on snakes, lizards and small mammals [5].

159 2, we employed pictures of partially exposed snakes, lizards, and birds.

160 n ancestral diapsids (the clade encompassing snakes, lizards, crocodilians and birds).

161 test if population sizes across lineages of snakes, lizards, turtles, mammals, birds, salamanders an

162 A seemingly complex mode of snake locomotion, sidewinding, can be described by the s

163 oxD chromatin structure is maintained at the snake locus.

164 Based on the increase in snake mackerel (mean weight 0.8 kg) and lancetfish catch

165 this species preyed on vertebrates and that snakes made the transition to carnivory early in their h

166 rates that mutation rates are male-biased in snakes (male-driven evolution), but also supports faster

167 We report that, unlike in other vertebrates, snake mesoderm-specific enhancers are mostly located wit

168 We also found that many snake metabolic genes have undergone positive selection,

169 evidence for extensive adaptive redesign of snake metabolic pathways.

170 y 'end point' and suggesting that insect and snake mimicry may have different evolutionary dynamics.

171 onkeys respond strongly to partially exposed snake models and scale patterns on the snake skin.

172 discriminate 4 categories of visual stimuli (snakes, monkey faces, monkey hands and simple geometrica

173 or monitoring an insular population of grass snakes (Natrix helvetica) and considered covariates infl

174 the group of nonconventional "three-finger" snake neurotoxins.

175 teric regulation of mAChRs by "three-finger" snake neurotoxins.

176 ent interspecific interactions may influence snake occupancy, challenging the paradigm that contempor

177 d dramatically different disease outcomes in snakes of the two species.

178 Snakes often occur in species-rich assemblages, and symp

179 be the domain of science fiction writers and snake oil salesmen may soon become science fact.

180 Island by reducing predation from egg-eating snakes (Oligodon formosanus); this predator is not abund

181 For snakes only, we observed a temporal hemifield advantage,

182 In Experiment 3, we presented pairs of snakes or neutral images into the temporal or nasal hemi

183 In contrast, replacement with snake orthologs caused severe limb reduction.

184 evolved 115 times in squamates (lizards and snakes), out of only ~ 140 origins in vertebrates, and i

185 ophiodiicola has been isolated from captive snakes outside North America, the pathogen has not been

186 The corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) is a new model species par

187 Among snakes, phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-related toxins have evol

188 lopmental genes and sex chromosomes onto the snake phylogeny.

189 Monitoring snake populations can be demanding due to crypsis and lo

190 but have rarely been successfully applied to snake populations.

191 Snakes possess many extreme morphological and physiologi

192 The belief that all snakes possess ZW sex chromosomes has prevailed for deca

193 nary arms races between amphibians and their snake predators around the world, and reveals remarkable

194 nests is the cause for the high abundance of snake predators on Orchid Island, with the snakes consum

195 wn that nerve terminals exposed to spider or snake presynaptic neurotoxins degenerate as a result of

196 the loss of rib-repressing properties by the snake proteins, but rather to a single base pair change

197 venom gland of the Australian Eastern Brown Snake (Pseudonaja textilis).

198 gmented epithelium of ciliary body of garter snakes, queen snakes, anole lizards, snapping turtles, a

199 s, which are responsible for the majority of snake-related deaths and injuries in Latin America.

200 nas, such as those found in diurnal colubrid snakes, remain a mystery.

201 age on the western edge of the range of this snake, represented by populations from Iowa, USA.

202 s indicated that isolates from European wild snakes reside in a clade distinct from the North America

203 completely limbless, basal and intermediate snakes retain pelvic girdles and small rudiments of the

204 Several intriguing features of garter snake rhodopsin are suggestive of a more cone-like funct

205 survival; therefore, poorer adult returns of Snake River Chinook may develop far from the Columbia Ri

206 thought to reduce the subsequent survival of Snake River Chinook salmon.

207 tscha) within a single metapopulation in the Snake River in Idaho, USA.

208 or the Animas River particles to 45% for the Snake River particles, indicating that particle-bound, o

209 e Hawaiian-Emperor chain and the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain province.

210 whether survival of hatchery-reared juvenile Snake River spring Chinook salmon is reduced in the estu

211 Snake River subyearling Chinook salmon smolts implanted

212 rhynchus spp.) at seven dams in the Columbia/Snake River system.

213 e used on juvenile steelhead captured in the Snake River, a tributary of the Columbia River, in Washi

214 ped because juvenile Chinook salmon from the Snake River, the Columbia River's largest tributary, mig

215 tested these mechanisms using a multimodule snake robot as a physical model, successfully generating

216 The tentacled snake's facial appendages are superficially similar to t

217 Phenotypic and physiological novelty in snakes seems to be driven by system-wide coordination of

218 irst full scale overview of the evolution of snake sex chromosomes at the genomic level, thus greatly

219 These ancient snakes share features with fossil and modern snakes (for

220 rs, biologists have accepted that all extant snakes share the same ZW sex chromosomes derived from a

221 led data on diets of 794 predators (mammals, snakes, sharks and rays).

222 Here, we examined whether snake skin patterns and partially exposed snakes elicit

223 Theory, the EPN was significantly larger for snake skin pictures than for lizard skin and bird plumag

224 hat the EPN snake effect is partly driven by snake skin scale patterns which are otherwise rare in na

225 posed snake models and scale patterns on the snake skin.

226 sk 1, we employed pictures with close-ups of snake skins, lizard skins, and bird plumage.

227 ulation Defective (GD) cleaves and activates Snake (Snk).

228 c and phylogenetic data across all New World snake species to demonstrate that shifts to mimetic colo

229 riation in venom composition between related snake species.

230 spectacularly demonstrate how transplanting snake-specific genetic changes found uniquely in serpent

231 We identified snake-specific sequence changes within an otherwise high

232 ortical facilitation, for ancestral threats (snakes, spiders), but not for modern threats, positive i

233 cies) of the living diversity of lizards and snakes (squamates), we investigate rates, trajectories a

234 Observations of the snakes suggested that during differential turning the an

235 respond to mapped gene expression domains in snakes, suggesting that their primaxial domain is patter

236 us of South America, Africa, and India, this snake suggests that crown Serpentes originated in Gondwa

237 se, the EPN was larger for partially exposed snakes than for partially exposed lizards and birds.

238 vity (EPN) in response to pictures depicting snakes than to pictures depicting other creatures.

239 ed and interrogated the genome of a venomous snake, the king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), and compared

240 dy disease (BIDB) is a fatal disease of boid snakes, the etiology of which has only recently been rev

241 V reservoir hosts--if any exist besides boid snakes themselves--are not yet known.

242 kin lesions were mild in most cases, in some snakes they were severe and were considered likely to ha

243 oxin (TTX), has arisen in several species of snakes through coevolutionary arms races with toxic amph

244 asuring the chemosensory response of newborn snakes to prey odors at 2 ages and also after they were

245 DNA sequences in mice, lizards, and limbless snakes to reveal widespread sharing of enhancer activity

246 , a pain-inducing toxin from the Texas coral snake, to define the structure of the open state of ASIC

247 Juice blends made from the mixture of snake tomato (Trichosanthes cucumerina) and Pineapple (A

248 The addition of snake tomato juice increased the vitamin C, total carote

249 In conclusion, snake tomato juice up to 50% may be added to Pineapple j

250 of juice blends containing a higher ratio of snake tomato were higher and samples stored at room temp

251 ebrate with a sequenced genome, we find that snake toxin genes evolve through several distinct co-opt

252 e co-evolutionary arms race between venomous snake toxins to cope with different membrane repair mech

253 abies virus glycoprotein, with homologies to snake toxins, has the ability to alter behaviour in anim

254 Using our captive-bred colony of corn snakes, transcriptomic and genomic next-generation seque

255 locking component from the venom of the habu snake (Trimeresurus flavoviridis), we employed two indep

256 bust and reproducible repeated activation of snake TRPA1 channels heterologously expressed in non-neu

257 ates such as fly, mosquito, frog, lizard and snakes, TRPA1 serves as a heat receptor, a sensory input

258 is known about strike performance of viperid snakes under natural conditions.

259 nd phylogenetically diverse, indicating that snakes underwent a much earlier origin and adaptive radi

260 a unique view of the origin and evolution of snake venom and reveal multiple genome-level adaptive re

261 -4 does not afford direct protection against snake venom because it is actually a poor inhibitor of s

262 munoglobulins with the ability to neutralize snake venom components and to mitigate the progression o

263 Snake venom consists of toxin proteins with multiple dis

264 ion in the presence of thrombin, arvin, or a snake venom from Crotalus atrox.

265 Snake venom is a natural substance that contains numerou

266 ith fractions of C. atrox venom suggest that snake venom metalloproteinases are largely responsible f

267 C. atrox venom contains snake venom metalloproteinases that cleave fibrinogen in

268 at the MP-4 contributes significantly to the snake venom neutralization activity of M. pruriens seeds

269 ify the protein(s) that may be important for snake venom neutralization and elucidate its mechanism o

270 re, we outline the steps necessary to purify snake venom phosphodiesterase I (SVP) and describe two a

271 Enhanced stability against snake venom phosphodiesterase resulted from modification

272 e incorporation increases resistance against snake venom phosphodiesterase.

273 TX2, two toxins present in Costa Rican coral snake venom that tightly bind to GABAA receptors at subn

274 In this study, we subjected snake venom to enzymatic hydrolysis to identify previous

275 between antivenom antibodies and epitopes on snake venom toxins, a high-throughput immuno-profiling s

276 hole venom(s) and contain antibodies against snake venom toxins, but also against other antigens.

277 e protection to mice against Echis carinatus snake venom.

278 entially neutralize the proteases present in snake venom.

279 ped to identify the disulfide bonds in crude snake venom.

280 ardiotoxin-I (CTX-I), from the Naja kaouthia snake venom.

281 co plant extract (in agonist assay mode) and snake venoms (in mixed antagonist-agonist assay mode).

282 Snake venoms are complex protein mixtures encoded by sev

283 Many snake venoms are known for their antithrombotic activity

284 Snake venoms are variable protein mixtures with a multit

285 also contribute to altering the toxicity of snake venoms, and we demonstrate how this variability ca

286 oxins were detected from tobacco extract and snake venoms, respectively.

287 ng to the family of three-finger toxins from snake venoms, specifically stained the alpha1beta3gamma2

288 usceptible to the noxious effects of bee and snake venoms, suggesting that a caspase-1-dependent immu

289 studies indicating that primates can detect snakes very rapidly and also cue in to faces for informa

290 t reptiles [11-15] indicates that the fossil snake was pale-colored in ventral regions; dorsal and la

291 For some snakes, we obtained evidence that the probabilities that

292 Snakes were elusive, with detectability increasing with

293 or surveillance samples collected from other snakes were negative.

294 e taxa in the wild, although two free-living snakes were recently discovered each gestating a single

295 basal polytomy with other fossil and modern snakes, where Najash rionegrina is sister to this clade.

296 chimpanzee encounters a model of a dangerous snake, whether or not he gives an alarm call depends on

297 requency turning, not observed in biological snakes, which produced large (127 degrees ) in-place tur

298 The discovery of snakes with two legs has shed light on the transition fr

299 e most predators, and that Eastern Hog-nosed Snakes within newt range are highly resistant to TTX.

300 is unknown if either of the parthenogenetic snakes would have been carried to term or survived in th