ライフサイエンスコーパス: solar

1 y element content ([Formula: see text] times solar).

2 ent trials of oral direct-acting antivirals (SOLAR 1 and 2), the United Network for Organ Sharing (UN

3 disease (MELD) scores were derived from the SOLAR-1 and 2 trials.

4 ce is on par with those of notable selective solar absorbers (SSAs) in the literature, while the wide

5 ormamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite solar absorbers.

6 to current methods for fabricating selective solar absorbers.

7 is demonstrated for fabricating selectively solar-absorbing plasmonic-nanoparticle-coated foils (PNF

8 lds PNFs which exhibit excellent, wide-angle solar absorptance (0.96 at 15 degrees , to 0.97 at 35 de

9 SAs) in the literature, while the wide-angle solar absorptance surpasses those of previously reported

10 ich in combination with their typically high solar absorption and low moisture availability generates

11 With straightforward optimization to improve solar absorption, our work shows the potential for uncon

12 ay have been induced independently by direct solar activity (and then possible feedback) and ocean-ic

13 Understanding the influence of changes in solar activity on Earth's climate and distinguishing it

14 sition is highly correlated with a proxy for solar activity, the F10.7 cm radio flux, and therefore w

15 investigate the causal relationship between solar activity, volcanic forcing, and climate as reflect

16 ntennial cycles that are possibly related to solar activity.

17 ely a combination of external forcing, i.e., solar and volcanic, and internal feedbacks, that drives

18 ermittent sustainable energy sources such as solar and wind power by storing the energy in liquid ele

19 Intermittent energy sources, including solar and wind, require scalable, low-cost, multi-hour e

20 tems that relies almost exclusively on wind, solar, and hydroelectric power.

21 for solar concentrators for mid-temperature solar applications such as supplying process heat.

22 on continues to be an outstanding problem in solar-astrophysics.

23 al reflectance, to better understand polymer solar cell (PSC) optimization approaches.

24 mesoporous standard architecture perovskite solar cell (PSC).

25 of attention CH3NH3PbI3 has received for its solar cell application, intrinsic properties of this mat

26 C-H/C-H green catalysis with dye-sensitized solar cell applications.

27 ed as possible lower toxicity alternates for solar cell applications.

28 s finding provides a novel concept to design solar cell by sacrificing part of sunlight to provide "e

29 opic TiO2 layer in a metal halide perovskite solar cell can influence the overall power conversion ef

30 In a tandem solar cell comprising a NIR BODIPY subcell and a matchin

31 d perovskite-based single bandgap and tandem solar cell designs have yielded impressive performances.

32 on (TTA-UC) and increase maximum theoretical solar cell efficiencies from 33% to >43%.

33 The Shockley-Queisser limit for solar cell efficiency can be overcome if hot carriers ca

34 The fabrication of a new type of solar cell encapsulation architecture comprising a perio

35 Inverted PffBT4T-2OD:EH-IDTBR blend solar cell fabricated without any processing additive ac

36 Selenium was used in the first solid state solar cell in 1883 and gave early insights into the phot

37 of the absorber and it clearly improved the solar cell performance.

38 ted approximately 50% enhancement in maximum solar cell performance.

39 tant monolithic perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cell shows a high V oc of 1.98 V (approaching 80%

40 Herein, dye-synthesized solar cell technology is combined with lithium-ion mater

41 ens asymmetry in organic-c-Si heterojunction solar cell through molecule alignment process.

42 The solar cell's photovoltic performance in terms of efficie

43 ve this including crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell.

44 8.1% is achieved for the flexible perovskite solar-cell devices made on an indium tin oxide/poly(ethy

45 All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) offer unique morphology stability

46 units is designed and applied in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs).

47 eveloped so far for high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs) are designed in planar molecular geom

48 Mixed ion perovskite solar cells (PSC) are manufactured with a metal-free hol

49 ular acceptor (SMA) for nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs).

50 Conventional perovskite solar cells (PSCs); however, suffer the issue that lead

51 er improve PCE of single junction perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) because of a better balance between

52 rated in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), critical concerns pertaining to the

53 e efficient, low-cost, and stable perovskite solar cells (PVSCs).

54 ymer acceptors" in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells achieve >7 % efficiency when used in conjunc

55 lend them to application in high-efficiency solar cells and light-emission devices.

56 stability problem for their applications in solar cells and other optoelectronics.

57 es over laborious layer-by-layer methods for solar cells and photodetectors, while opening the door t

58 Efficient wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells are needed to boost the efficiency of silico

59 While the basic principles of conventional solar cells are well understood, little attention has go

60 cost-effective manufacturing process for Si solar cells based on electrodeposition.

61 g the further commercialization of thin-film solar cells based on hybrid organohalide lead perovskite

62 Solar cells based on hybrid perovskites have shown high

63 a solid standing point, on which perovskite solar cells can be understood more accurately and their

64 s quite limited because very few such hybrid solar cells can simultaneously show high short-circuit c

65 n be efficiently harvested by the perovskite solar cells for electric power generation.

66 e that the choice of redox mediator in these solar cells has a profound influence on both the light h

67 interfacial electron transfer in sensitized solar cells has mostly been probed by visible-to-teraher

68 The efficiency of perovskite solar cells has surged in the past few years, while the

69 Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted tremendous attention because

70 Amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells have been constructed on nanoholes array tex

71 Silicon solar cells have captured a large portion of the total m

72 ic-inorganic hybrid perovskite multijunction solar cells have immense potential to realize power conv

73 ersion efficiency (PCE) of the 3-dimensional solar cells improved by up to 60% compared to using AZO

74 conversion efficiency of ITIC2-based organic solar cells is 11.0%, much higher than that of ITIC1-bas

75 methylammonium lead triiodide single crystal solar cells is extended to 820 nm, 20 nm broader than th

76 e layer of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells is paramount to achieve high-efficiency devi

77 ever, the efficiency of tin-based perovskite solar cells is still low and they exhibit poor air stabi

78 ), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), solar cells or other light harvesting devices.

79 evolution of the dye adsorption capacity and solar cells parameters are explored as a function of the

80 TOA-perovskite-based n-i-p planar solar cells show minimal discrepancies between stabilize

81 Fullerene-free organic solar cells show over 11% power conversion efficiency, p

82 highest efficiencies reported for perovskite solar cells so far have been obtained mainly with methyl

83 Highly efficient colored perovskite solar cells that exploit localized surface plasmon reson

84 re needed to boost the efficiency of silicon solar cells to beyond Schottky-Queisser limit, but they

85 ng the charge transport layers in perovskite solar cells when the perovskites have a different compos

86 PCE10), the two mixed acceptors also lead to solar cells with 11.0 +/- 0.4% efficiency and a high ope

87 mance is also achieved for cesium tin iodide solar cells with en loading, demonstrating the broad sco

88 WBG perovskite solar cells with ICBA-tran3 show enhanced VOC by 60 mV,

89 trategy to improve the efficiency of Silicon solar cells with mass-compatible techniques that could s

90 dy, we demonstrate graded bandgap perovskite solar cells with steady-state conversion efficiencies av

91 During the 140 h experiment, the solar cells with the Au electrode experience a dramatic,

92 ons in the movie provide insight into future solar cells, 2D materials and other semiconductor device

93 eneration environmentally friendly germanium solar cells, and near-to-mid infrared (1.8-2.0 mum) lase

94 create stratified bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, in which the two BHJ layers are spin cast s

95 o enhance the efficiency of perovskite-based solar cells, instead of using tandem devices or near inf

96 GaAs based optoelectronic devices (e.g. solar cells, modulators, detectors, and diodes) used in

97 on process, known to provide high efficiency solar cells, on semitransparent indium tin oxide (ITO) a

98 applications in white light emitting diodes, solar cells, optical codes, biomedicine and so on.

99 ignificant interest for applications such as solar cells, photodectors, light-emitting diodes, and la

100 monstrated only in the application of a-Si:H solar cells, the ideas are able to extend to application

101 ropelled by modern applications in thin-film solar cells, transistors and optical sensors.

102 nificantly affects the efficiency of organic solar cells.

103 w-cost high-performance tin-based perovskite solar cells.

104 graphene nanoribbons and their properties in solar cells.

105 iency of 17.8% for single crystal perovskite solar cells.

106 ith aspect-ratios up to 8, on the surface of solar cells.

107 tor devices, such as transistors, diodes and solar cells.

108 is an electron transport material in organic solar cells.

109 -free HTL for lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells.

110 ise for boosting the PCE of third generation solar cells.

111 d backward scattering in plasmonic thin film solar cells.

112 ove the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells.

113 ganic, photovoltaics (OPV)/perovskite hybrid solar cells.

114 potential for applications in tandem organic solar cells.

115 and diffusion lengths observed in perovskite solar cells.

116 ing materials for vacuum processable organic solar cells.

117 the corresponding polycrystalline thin-film solar cells.

118 e for a new generation of easily processable solar cells.

119 e time for carrier extraction in hot carrier solar cells.Carrier-carrier scattering rates determine t

120 e Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells; however, they are limited by large nonideal

121 avenue in low cost fabrication of thin-film solar-cells.

122 me shift around 1000-1300 CE after which the solar-climate coupling weakened considerably.

123 degrees C, thereby eliminating the need for solar concentrators for mid-temperature solar applicatio

124 -conversion applications such as luminescent solar concentrators.

125 ts that will find uses in efficiency-limited solar conversion technologies, heat sinks, and biofuel p

126 nergetic particles akin to those seen in the solar corona.

127 F10.7 cm radio flux, and therefore with the solar cycle phase.

128 iming and compromises synchronisation to the solar day when wake-times are not enforced.

129 Solar driven photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC-W

130 mpts us to explore its use in fabrication of solar-driven electrolysis.

131 Solar-driven heterogeneous photocatalysis has been widel

132 uidic devices with customizable wettability, solar-driven oil-water clean-up and demulsification tech

133 Here we use full-Sun observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, to show that when the Sun is

134 in 171 A by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly/Solar Dynamics Observatory.

135 arlight around the Sun during the 1919 total solar eclipse provided measurements that confirmed Einst

136 About 50% of the solar energy absorbed at the Earth's surface drives evap

137 etwork of pigment-protein complexes captures solar energy and transports it to the reaction center, w

138 sis is the mimicry of the natural process of solar energy conversion into chemical energy carriers.

139 titanium dioxide is important for its use in solar energy conversion, photocatalysis, and other appli

140 y wasting reaction is of direct relevance to solar energy conversion.

141 s, spanning areas from biological imaging to solar energy conversion.

142 reasing biomass yields and developing robust solar energy devices.

143 n because of its ability to directly utilize solar energy for production of solar fuels, such as hydr

144 omising solutions for renewable and portable solar energy generation and other related phase-change a

145 to artificial photosynthesis for large-scale solar energy harvesting and storage.

146 forts are dedicated to convert and store the solar energy in a single device.

147 house gas emissions and simultaneously store solar energy in chemical form.

148 Greater levels of solar energy storage provide an effective solution to th

149 provides an attractive route for large-scale solar energy storage, but issues surrounding the efficie

150 er change from energy development, including solar energy, presents trade-offs for land used for the

151 hieve efficient and high-capacity storage of solar energy, through improving both photocurrent and ph

152 nter (PSII RC) indicates that photosynthetic solar-energy conversion might be optimized through the i

153 avorable excited-state properties for use in solar-energy conversion.

154 erged as a new and highly promising class of solar-energy materials.

155 However, the development of solar-energy technologies is severely hindered by poor e

156 her because it is impossible to forecast the solar eruptions that can cause these terrestrial events

157 t magnetic breakout is a universal model for solar eruptions.

158 The observations of solar flare onsets show rapid increase of hard and soft

159 ue to assemble efficient photoelectrodes for solar fuel generation.

160 ogen fuel generated in this way is named as "solar fuel".

161 Photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar-fuel conversion is a promising approach to provide

162 ectly utilize solar energy for production of solar fuels, such as hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels and

163 in the (photo)electrochemical generation of solar fuels.

164 CO2 to CO is a sustainable route to storable solar fuels.

165 iable and nondispatchable nature of wind and solar generation has been driving interest in energy sto

166 The most widely known solar geoengineering proposal is stratospheric aerosol i

167 Solar geoengineering refers to a range of proposed metho

168 distinguish these alternatives, we pursued a solar geolocator study [23, 24] to do so.

169 g Titan's 2009 northern spring equinox, peak solar heating moved to the northern hemisphere, initiati

170 ly localized photothermal heating induced by solar illumination alone drives the distillation process

171 zed dyes (less than 1 in 100,000) under full solar illumination.

172 uorescence from space using passive methods (solar-induced Chl fluorescence, SIF) promise improved ma

173 in the ten megacities track well that of the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) data from G

174 leaf-level ChlF was linked with canopy-scale solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) in a temper

175 limate anomalies by assimilating column CO2, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, and carbon monox

176 of sensitivity experiments in which not only solar insolation changes are varied but also vegetation

177 ossby waves and differential rotation of the solar interior shear-layer (called tachocline).

178 iven by variations in the magnitude of total solar irradiance (TSI) and changes in the greenhouse gas

179 By experimentally manipulating solar irradiance and nighttime air humidity, we estimate

180 ogenic radionuclide data and resulting total solar irradiance estimates during grand minima.

181 orewater and oceanic DOS molecular formulas, solar irradiation increased the similarity due to the re

182 cture and scalable methods which can convert solar irradiation into exploitable thermal energy with h

183 a simple and inexpensive system that, under solar irradiation, forms highly reductive radicals in th

184 predictor more often than relative humidity, solar irradiation, or temperature.

185 ge 7 dye in aqueous solution under simulated solar irradiation.

186 >90% selectivity under UV-filtered simulated solar light irradiation (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm(-2), lambda

187 l composition in the coronae of low-activity solar-like stars appears to be related to fundamental st

188 r understanding the elemental composition of solar-like stellar coronae.The Sun's elemental compositi

189 e consistent with a shell of several tens of solar masses ejected by the progenitor star at supernova

190 This merging companion hosts 35 billion solar masses of stars and has a star-formation rate of 5

191 with initial masses of more than about 10(4) solar masses or episodic hyper-Eddington accretion.

192 xies with star-formation rates exceeding 100 solar masses per year at z > 6 (corresponding to an age

193 f stars and has a star-formation rate of 540 solar masses per year, but has an order of magnitude les

194 on rates of these galaxies, which exceed 100 solar masses per year, require large reservoirs of cold

195 ion rates in the companions of more than 100 solar masses per year.

196 The existence of massive (10(11) solar masses) elliptical galaxies by redshift z approxim

197 n indicates a high mass ( approximately 0.03 solar masses) wind-driven outflow with moderate electron

198 er halo with a mass of more than 100 billion solar masses, making it among the rarest dark-matter hal

199 lained with an ejected mass of 0.04 +/- 0.01 solar masses, with an opacity of less than 0.5 square ce

200 = 3.717, with a stellar mass of 1.7 x 10(11) solar masses.

201 st white dwarf to the Sun-as 0.675 +/- 0.051 solar masses.

202 Here, we demonstrate nanophotonics-enabled solar membrane distillation (NESMD), where highly locali

203 asons, and that its timings are entrained to solar midnight.

204 This indicates that the solar nebula field, and likely the nebular gas, had disp

205 s must have formed before dissipation of the solar nebula, which likely occurred within less than 10

206 is the evolution of a gaseous and magnetized solar nebula.

207 of the entire solar spectrum by redirecting solar photons to maximize FEW production from a given la

208 Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation is expand

209 We examine the utility of solar photovoltaic (PV) system deployment on urban rooft

210 uding semiconductor, flat panel display, and solar photovoltaic industries.

211 uct of copper refining, which is critical to solar photovoltaics, is chosen as a case study, and thre

212 ost abundant form of condensed matter in our solar planetary structure.

213 Our multicriteria assessment of wind and solar potential for large regions of Africa shows how ec

214 s natural resource is comparable to wind and solar power, yet it does not suffer as much from varying

215 se modified tetrapyrroles for the capture of solar radiation and its conversion to chemical energy.

216 flower activity were associated with greater solar radiation and lower rainfall during El Nino years.

217 ompounds in atmospheric aerosols that absorb solar radiation and may play an important role in planet

218 s, despite similar natural forcings, such as solar radiation and the North Atlantic Oscillation, duri

219 Our findings emphasize solar radiation as a significant driver of mass balance

220 itivity of plants under the broad spectra of solar radiation in nature.

221 ops and increasing the efficiency with which solar radiation is converted into biomass has recently b

222 has amplified the effects on temperature of solar radiation on west-facing slopes.

223 exert a systematic modulating effect on the solar radiation penetrating into the subsurface layers,

224 severe aerosol pollution over China reduces solar radiation reaching the surface.

225 st electron transport in leaves under canopy solar radiation was shown to be a major contributor to t

226 In contrast, community-wide responses to solar radiation were predominantly positive.

227 y reference evapotranspiration, temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation together, but nonline

228 cover with a resulting increase in received solar radiation, and secondarily by a decrease in the st

229 , or fivefold stronger effect than rainfall, solar radiation, and the Multivariate ENSO Index, respec

230 , the changes are related to obliquity-paced solar radiation, manifest as variations in total summer

231 Black carbon (BC) aerosol strongly absorbs solar radiation, which warms climate.

232 fects the extent to which they interact with solar radiation.

233 s in response to soil water availability and solar radiation.

234 nderstanding for how such aerosols influence solar radiative forcing of the atmosphere.

235 ve spatial and frequency characterization of solar radio burst fine structures observed with the Low

236 The choice of the solar reactor holds the key for the commercialization of

237 Solar rechargeable battery combines the advantages of ph

238 allation of roofing materials with increased solar reflectance (i.e., "cool roofs") can mitigate the

239 However, genes and pathways altered by solar-simulated UVR (ssUVR), a mixture of UVA and UVB, a

240 ngth measurements of absorption lines in the solar spectrum by Fraunhofer, the identification of tran

241 ge, we propose the utilization of the entire solar spectrum by redirecting solar photons to maximize

242 existing doped CQDs that are aimed for full solar spectrum LSCs suffer from moderately low quantum e

243 We present novel solar spectrum unbundling FEW systems (SUFEWS), which ca

244 One approach to further enhance solar spectrum utilization is the graded bandgap, but th

245 etamaterial that is fully transparent to the solar spectrum while having an infrared emissivity great

246 Photosynthesis uses a limited range of the solar spectrum, so enhancing spectral coverage could imp

247 Herein, a high-performance solar steam device composed entirely of natural wood is

248 result, the 3D-printed evaporator has a high solar steam efficiency of 85.6% under 1 sun illumination

249 generation device for low-cost and scalable solar steam generation applications.

250 lexible, portable, recyclable, and efficient solar steam generation device for low-cost and scalable

251 been dedicated to developing high-efficiency solar steam generation devices, challenges remain in ter

252 The current challenge for solar steam generation is to develop easy-to-manufacture

253 with a concave structure for high-efficiency solar steam generation under 1 sun illumination is used.

254 The solar steam process, akin to the natural water cycle, is

255 of energy storage, wastewater treatment and solar-steam-assisted desalination.

256 d or electrically proximate wind/storage and solar/storage facilities across the U.S. and determine t

257 likely occurred within less than 10 My after Solar System formation.

258 ly 750,000 known asteroids and comets in the Solar System is thought to have originated outside it, d

259 there has been no way of telling whether the Solar System is typical of planetary systems.

260 lude that Pluto's atmosphere is unique among Solar System planetary atmospheres, as its radiative ene

261 bundances and planetary configuration of the Solar System today, but there has been no way of telling

262 active earlier in its history.Mars hosts the solar system's largest volcanoes, but their formation ra

263 predicted chaotic dynamical behaviour of the Solar System, and provides a constraint for refining num

264 powerful persistently active volcano in the Solar System, Loki Patera.

265 y to addressing numerous questions about our solar system.

266 nation compared with other reservoirs in the solar system.

267 s of atmospheric circulation not seen in the solar system.

268 rganic-rich asteroids that reside within the Solar System.

269 Ground-based 1-m Swedish Solar Telescope (SST)/CRISP, Halpha 6562.8 A observation

270 hose observed in a C1.5 flare by the Swedish Solar Telescope.

271 Solar thermal energy conversion has attracted substantia

272 The development of molecular solar thermal systems presents one approach to address t

273 work shows the potential for unconcentrated solar thermal systems to reach stagnation temperatures e

274 rates, large phase-change enthalpy, and high solar-thermal energy conversion efficiency.

275 for their promising applications for direct solar-thermal-electric conversion.

276 For the production of solar thermochemical fuels arid regions are best-suited,

277 The production of alternative fuels via the solar thermochemical pathway has the potential to provid

278 The solar thermochemical route also promises to be an attrac

279 ferrocyanide redox battery with a high ideal solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 3.0% without

280 that mimic natural photosynthesis to achieve solar-to-chemical conversion is of great promise for fut

281 ater splitting using hybrid perovskites with solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies beyond 15%.

282 cold urticaria, delayed-pressure urticaria, solar urticaria, heat urticaria, vibratory angioedema, c

283 vels in mouse skin are induced by short-term solar UV irradiation, and a long-term skin carcinogenesi

284 ental threats, including microbes, injuries, solar UV radiation, and allergens.

285 terborne pathogens of humans and wildlife to solar UV, and use the DNA action spectrum to model how d

286 Moreover, we show that TRAF1 is required for solar UV-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase-5

287 However, the coupling between solar variability and local climate varied with time, wi

288 l properties of heterogeneous interfaces for solar water splitting applications using first-principle

289 It also unlocks opportunities for solar water splitting using hybrid perovskites with sola

290 n p-Si and a RED stack, successfully enables solar water splitting without the need for an external b

291 xistence of the Sun's hot atmosphere and the solar wind acceleration continues to be an outstanding p

292 ficant spatial/temporal gradients in ambient solar wind conditions are present.

293 believed to be the main driver to transport solar wind into the Earth's magnetosphere when the magne

294 The magnetopause deflects the solar wind plasma and confines Earth's magnetic field.

295 ce the first quantitative estimate of global solar wind variations over the last 400 years.

296 uires accurate reconstruction of the ambient solar wind with which they interact, and that simple ass

297 netic field produces a magnetopause with the solar wind, and substantially increases their energy dep

298 ncluding photolysis and radiolysis of water, solar wind-surface interactions and gas-phase collisions

299 ated with Alfvenic waves that help drive the solar wind.

300 The photolytic lifetime of IMD at a solar zenith angle of 35 degrees is calculated to be 16