ライフサイエンスコーパス: spectrophotometry

1 t had no influence on colour loss over time (spectrophotometry).

2 chelating peptide is not sensitive enough by spectrophotometry.

3 good agreement with those obtained by UV-VIS spectrophotometry.

4 dies of Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry.

5 cterized by mass spectrometry and absorbance spectrophotometry.

6 tions were determined by densitometry and/or spectrophotometry.

7 rmined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometry.

8 in situ detection of the analyte via UV-vis spectrophotometry.

9 n of laser Doppler flowmetry and reflectance spectrophotometry.

10 riacetyl cellulose membrane using absorption spectrophotometry.

11 rifugation, and quantification by absorption spectrophotometry.

12 ) was studied by rapid-scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

13 ls capture; and they are monitored by UV-vis spectrophotometry.

14 sted laser desorption ionization tandem mass spectrophotometry.

15 quantified by papain digest and fluorescence spectrophotometry.

16 oxynaphthalene were measured by stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

17 ry complexes I, II, and IV was determined by spectrophotometry.

18 asoline vehicle emissions was examined using spectrophotometry.

19 on levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

20 th the use of papain digest and fluorescence spectrophotometry.

21 ation with zone fluidic multichannel kinetic spectrophotometry.

22 he relative reactivities were measured by UV spectrophotometry.

23 um total cholesterol levels were measured by spectrophotometry.

24 opped-flow, high-pressure, and pressure jump spectrophotometry.

25 rubicin content was assayed with fluorescent spectrophotometry.

26 them metal chelation, studied by UV-visible spectrophotometry.

27 ytochemistry, electroretinography (ERG), and spectrophotometry.

28 in an in situ gel assay and by stopped flow spectrophotometry.

29 el hydrophobic drug, were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometry.

30 investigated by rapid scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

31 helation capacity determined from UV-visible spectrophotometry.

32 ontent by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

33 asma protein thiol oxidation was measured by spectrophotometry.

34 Zinc binding was followed by rapid-scanning spectrophotometry.

35 e cofactor, as judged by ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry.

36 strength was investigated using stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

37 in were measured using absorption-difference spectrophotometry.

38 d in the hydration direction by stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

39 ly at 4 degrees C and pH 7.5 by stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

40 force microscopy, and UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry.

41 easured by pulse radiolysis and stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

42 um content was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

43 dichroism, mass spectrometry, and absorption spectrophotometry.

44 4 to 150 kDa was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry.

45 ose obtained by video-based microscopy or by spectrophotometry.

46 nes were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry.

47 ar Mg(2+) were measured by atomic absorbance spectrophotometry.

48 ET microfluorometry, and single-cell imaging spectrophotometry.

49 rized by UV-visible and resonance Raman (RR) spectrophotometry.

50 copy, and absorption as well as fluorescence spectrophotometry.

51 eterminations were made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

52 tography and analyzed by electrophoresis and spectrophotometry.

53 Iron levels were measured using absorption spectrophotometry.

54 measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

55 sured the affinity of this interaction using spectrophotometry.

56 ) can be continuously monitored using UV-VIS spectrophotometry.

57 cofactor was investigated by single-crystal spectrophotometry.

58 rent DMPC/DMPG ratios was then determined by spectrophotometry.

59 and CSF were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

60 ted form, and studied using cryogenic UV-vis spectrophotometry.

61 tion of isothermal titration calorimetry and spectrophotometry.

62 inc recoveries compared by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

63 y inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry.

64 ne and tyrosine residues were followed by UV spectrophotometry.

65 content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

66 n examined using rapid-scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

67 d by NMR, ultraviolet melting and absorbance spectrophotometry.

68 A sequence was then detected by fluorescence spectrophotometry.

69 ic data were collected by micro-stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

70 ing stopped-flow absorbance and fluorescence spectrophotometry.

71 ere monitored by dual-wavelength reflectance spectrophotometry.

72 n of anaerobically reduced BSAO using UV-vis spectrophotometry.

73 260 for the quantification of dsRNA using UV spectrophotometry.

74 were studied by rapid-scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

75 content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

76 ying oxidation were followed by stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

77 uced XDH and NAD was studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

78 ns have been investigated using stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

79 tochrome P450 2B4 were studied by difference spectrophotometry.

80 multaneously using near-infrared imaging and spectrophotometry.

81 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and spectrophotometry.

82 ns, chlorophyll and carotenoids detection by spectrophotometry.

83 measured with scanning probe microscopy and spectrophotometry.

84 GR salivary levels were analyzed by spectrophotometry.

85 and antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometry.

86 aphy and measurement of oxygen saturation by spectrophotometry.

87 formational changes by fluorescence emission spectrophotometry.

88 s were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

89 C) and simultaneously analysed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry.

90 kinetically characterized using stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

91 al activity by sulfide measurements using UV-spectrophotometry.

92 ferential pulse voltammetry and fluorescence spectrophotometry.

93 rent collagenic substrates was determined by spectrophotometry.

94 egrees C was investigated using stopped-flow spectrophotometry.

95 idative stress markers by flow cytometry and spectrophotometry.

96 ing cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry.

97 ative methodologies, such as HPLC and UV/VIS spectrophotometry.

98 an iron-polyphenol complex was followed with spectrophotometry.

99 trate at pH 6.6 was assessed by fluorescence spectrophotometry.

100 e tested by ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible) spectrophotometry.

101 linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (en

102 Fe(3+) chelates in pH 6-7 were evaluated by spectrophotometry (380-700nm) and colorimetry (CIE-L( *)

103 monoacylated and diacylated Cy fractions by spectrophotometry (380-700nm) and colorimetry in pH 5-8.

104 The spectrophotometry (84-1720 mug/g solids) method generall

105 Fe and Zn), quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), and formula viscosity, after in

106 mental measurements from stopped-flow UV/vis spectrophotometry afforded derivation of equilibrium con

107 the analysis is performed using fluorescence spectrophotometry after monochlorobimane (a recognized p

108 Transient spectrophotometry also revealed the sequential formation

109 Agarose gel electrophoresis and ultraviolet spectrophotometry analysis indicate that complexes of cr

110 t behaviors of CMIP were characterised using spectrophotometry analysis.

111 Absorption, emission spectrophotometries and proton and phosphorus NMR spectr

112 es have been investigated using stopped-flow spectrophotometry and (1)H NMR measurements at 25.0 degr

113 The complex was characterized by UV-spectrophotometry and (1)HNMR.

114 atalysis of CO2 hydration using stopped flow spectrophotometry and 18O exchange between CO2 and water

115 ere measured at steady state by stopped-flow spectrophotometry and at chemical equilibrium by the exc

116 ns was measured in selected subjects by both spectrophotometry and autofluorescence imaging.

117 d, dissolved in water, and iodine assayed by spectrophotometry and by ICP-MS.

118 simultaneous assays of S-nitrosothiols by uv spectrophotometry and by Saville method.

119 signed, and its binding was characterized by spectrophotometry and crystallography.

120 6PDH), and, glutathione reductase (GR) by UV spectrophotometry and determined glutathione peroxidase

121 ve been investigated by stopped-flow visible spectrophotometry and deuterium kinetic isotope effects.

122 d in gene therapy was studied by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and differential scanning calorimetry.

123 responding studies were conducted by visible spectrophotometry and digital image acquisition.

124 -butoxyl radical and characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry and EPR spectroscopy.

125 h kinetic studies that utilized stopped-flow spectrophotometry and flash photolysis.

126 gh performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectrophotometry and flow cytometry have been used to e

127 s (MRPs) was monitored by mass spectrometry, spectrophotometry and fluorimetry.

128 both for quantitation of sulfonamides using spectrophotometry and for naked-eye semi-quantitative es

129 ured with SXRF and standard bulk techniques (spectrophotometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption

130 an sweetpotato cultivars were studied, using spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatogr

131 37 degrees C and its oxidation monitored by spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatogr

132 bance interfering compounds was performed by spectrophotometry and HPLC analysis.

133 ophotometry and polyphenols were analysed by spectrophotometry and HPLC-DAD.

134 d carotenoid composition were analysed using spectrophotometry and HPLC.

135 In this work, UV/Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC/DAD-ESI/MS were applied to de

136 UV/Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC/DAD-ESI/MS were applied to de

137 or hydration of CO2 measured by stopped-flow spectrophotometry and in the exchange of 18O between CO2

138 rmined by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass sp

139 raction of AAC with DNA are determined using spectrophotometry and isothermal titration calorimetry (

140 active agent content was measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and its composition confirmed by HPLC-

141 essing of erythrocytes for atomic absorption spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry by reducing dige

142 Overall, the titrations of 1 using UV spectrophotometry and NMR titrations by anions reveal th

143 rease of the total level of RNA using UV/VIS spectrophotometry and on the mRNA levels/cell for a larg

144 ses in CO2 were measured simultaneously with spectrophotometry and pH-sensitive microelectrodes.

145 Colour was evaluated by spectrophotometry and polyphenols were analysed by spect

146 red their catalytic activity by stopped-flow spectrophotometry and pulse radiolysis.

147 -)(1) s(-)(1), as determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry and pulse radiolysis.

148 radical intermediate using both stopped-flow spectrophotometry and rapid freeze-quench EPR under aero

149 Bile salts were undetectable, using spectrophotometry and rarely detectable using dual mass

150 II)SOD was measured by scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometry and revealed the presence of an interm

151 was identified as mesobiliverdin IX alpha by spectrophotometry and reverse-phase HPLC.

152 amination, can be detected and quantified by spectrophotometry and scanning densitometry, and resolve

153 ent of Zn concentration by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and stable isotope enrichment by mass

154 hydration of HCO3- were made by stopped-flow spectrophotometry and the exchange of 18O using mass spe

155 conjugated diene concentrations measured by spectrophotometry and the heat flux dissipated by oxidat

156 conjugated diene concentrations measured by spectrophotometry and the heat flux dissipated by oxidat

157 wning was monitored by UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry and UHPLC-DAD.

158 Spectrophotometry and UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS systems were ut

159 mbrane is simultaneously measured via UV-vis spectrophotometry and voltammetry/chronoamperometry as a

160 HPLC-DAD-MS), copigmentation/polymerisation (spectrophotometry), and colour (Tristimulus and Differen

161 d by electrode oximetry, pH-stat, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and electron paramagnetic resonance s

162 coupled plasma mass spectrometry, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and EPR spectroscopy revealed charact

163 NAG was measured by spectrophotometry, and KIM-1 was measured by a microsphe

164 of reduced BFDMA, as characterized by UV/vis spectrophotometry, and lead to activated lipoplexes that

165 Peptide mapping, thiol titrations, UV-vis spectrophotometry, and mass spectrometry show that inact

166 , polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and NMR spectroscopy indicated that t

167 Results from immunohistochemistry, spectrophotometry, and single-cell RT-PCR demonstrate th

168 hniques and further characterized by NMR, UV spectrophotometry, and tandem mass spectrometry.

169 ons contents determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and the MIR spectra, with various tec

170 al intermediate was detected by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, and the rate constants of formation a

171 h group for industrial application, HPLC and spectrophotometry, and to compare the suitability of the

172 nts of ferrylMb are observed by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, appearing at a rate consistent with t

173 value for cvSOD was determined by stop-flow spectrophotometry as 1.28 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1), suggestin

174 ce confocal microscopy and UV/Vis-absorption spectrophotometry assess transient solute concentration

175 ere analyzed for ADA activity by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 265 nm.

176 low sample consumption, and straightforward spectrophotometry based detection.

177 ) and quantified by fiber optic linear array spectrophotometry based on the formation of its azo dye

178 bel on the surface is quantified with UV/vis spectrophotometry based on the molar absorption coeffici

179 Spectrophotometry-based and radioligand-based binding as

180 Spectrophotometry-based in vitro assays show that ThrH i

181 Here, we compared these spectrophotometry-based procedures for pyruvate analysis

182 fenic acid have been studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry between pH 10 and 14.

183 s solution have been studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry between pH 6 and 14.

184 rolyze cocaine as monitored by HPLC and also spectrophotometry by coupling cleavage of the benzoylthi

185 bria are monitored by methods such as UV-vis spectrophotometry, calorimetry, or nuclear magnetic reso

186 s of RuR obtained by ultracentrifugation and spectrophotometry can be reproduced with the Langmuir-St

187 orelease rates of photoCORP-1 (determined by spectrophotometry) can be modulated by both the concentr

188 DNase I footprinting, UV melting, UV-visible spectrophotometry, circular dichroism and NMR spectrosco

189 Melanin index as measured with reflectance spectrophotometry compared with dermatologist- and parti

190 Spectrophotometry confirmed that heme bound to the integ

191 ct steps are observed by stopped-flow UV/Vis spectrophotometry, corresponding to ketonisation and C-C

192 se enzymes in yeast was monitored by in situ spectrophotometry coupled to in vivo screening of oxygen

193 on electron microscope (TEM) imaging, UV-vis spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), field emissi

194 ond formation was investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry, mass spectrometry

195 procedure was performed in column method by spectrophotometry detection technique.

196 action with GSH, determined via stopped flow spectrophotometry, displayed second-order rate constants

197 , front face fluorescence, and UV absorption spectrophotometries, dynamic light scattering, and DSC,

198 es (DTAs) utilizing NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectrophotometry, electrochemistry, and DFT computation

199 iRNA released from LNPs was determined using spectrophotometry employing the fluorescent indicator SY

200 cked microcolumn and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) detection.

201 terized by NMR line broadening, stopped-flow spectrophotometry, fluorescence quenching, and ultracent

202 Polarography, spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, high-performance liquid

203 existing methods of uranyl detection such as spectrophotometry, fluorometry, and a SERS method based

204 were analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry for mercury and silver.

205 This work demonstrates the use of in situ spectrophotometry for pH measurement under GCS-relevant

206 We demonstrate the first use of smartphone spectrophotometry for readout of fluorescence-based biol

207 the quantification of beta-carotene, and UV spectrophotometry for the quantification of carotenoids

208 on microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and spectrophotometry) for experimental evaluation of damage

209 d cells and through atomic force microscopy, spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared and mass s

210 ctrophoresis, molecular dynamics, and UV-vis spectrophotometry give clues to the details of the inter

211 total anthocyanin content by pH-differential spectrophotometry, glycoalkaloid, alpha-chaconine and al

212 Absorption spectrophotometry has been and still is the industry sta

213 aphy, coupled to UV-visible and fluorescence spectrophotometry, has been developed for determination

214 resulting from pregnancy and parturition by spectrophotometry, histology, and (13)C, (2)H nuclear ma

215 MSP3 to bind several molecules of heme by UV spectrophotometry, HPLC, and electrophoresis.

216 Rapid scanning stopped-flow absorption spectrophotometry in conjunction with multiple turnover

217 ination of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim by spectrophotometry in some bovine milk and veterinary med

218 lso characterized by UV/vis and fluorescence spectrophotometry in the presence or absence of a number

219 Kinetic studies using stopped-flow spectrophotometry indicate that BSOR reduction by NADPH

220 complex structures were determined by UV-vis spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimet

221 As such, it was concluded that spectrophotometry is not an accurate measure of the degr

222 UV absorbance spectrophotometry is widely used for the quantification

223 combination of calorimetry and stopped-flow spectrophotometry kinetics experiments showed that this

224 ith xanthine were determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry; kred and KDxanthine (15 s-1 and 12 mi

225 er desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrophotometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatograp

226 ta obtained using thin-layer chromatography, spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry (MS), and MS-MS ind

227 5'-phosphate (FAPy), as shown by UV-visible spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and NMR.

228 trophenol formation followed by stopped-flow spectrophotometry matched perfectly the rate constant of

229 diacetate), NADPH, NADP(+) and ATP contents (spectrophotometry), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) ac

230 Spectrophotometry measurements assessing FST were statis

231 The spectrophotometry measurements for dermatologist-determi

232 The spectrophotometry measurements for participant-determine

233 some real samples by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry measurements.

234 In this work, a sensitive, simple and viable spectrophotometry method to determine iron in wheat and

235 rmance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrophotometry (MS).

236 Reflectance spectrophotometry objectively measures the melanin index

237 UV-visible spectrophotometry of organic-phase solutions and thin pl

238 y absorbance and fluorescence rapid reaction spectrophotometry of the binding of the substrate MHPC (

239 visible and ultraviolet (UV) angle-resolved spectrophotometry of the intact tissue, and mass spectro

240 Multi-wavelength stopped-flow spectrophotometry of the oxidative deposition of iron in

241 ctroscopy, iron-binding by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, oligomerization in manganese-substitu

242 tration, and on dilution factors measured by spectrophotometry on a blank digestion.

243 y can be used in a cuvette using traditional spectrophotometry or as a 96-well plate-based format usi

244 lar sodium was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry or SBFI fluorescence.

245 escence spectral analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Perls' iron stain, and immunofluoresc

246 Here, optical stopped-flow spectrophotometry, rapid freeze-quench EPR spectroscopy

247 On the other hand, biosensors and spectrophotometry reflected a decrease in total sugar co

248 y high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively.

249 0min at 293K and pH7.5 as measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, returning to the ground state through

250 Pulse radiolysis and stopped-flow spectrophotometry reveal that unlike wild-type hMnSOD, w

251 Rapid-mixing, pH-jump spectrophotometry revealed a basic pKa of 10.0 for the F

252 Low-temperature photodissociation spectrophotometry revealed that neither oxidase has liga

253 Examination of pigmentary changes by spectrophotometry revealed that the children in the cont

254 EPR spectroscopy and stopped-flow rapid-scan spectrophotometry revealed that the hydrazine cation rad

255 UV-Vis spectrophotometry reveals that DNA films with surface de

256 sulfite a product, which can be detected by spectrophotometry (S) and fluorometry (F).

257 It is concluded that the stopped-flow spectrophotometry should be considered the method of cho

258 Lastly, stopped-flow fluorescence spectrophotometry showed that the rate of these fluoresc

259 vine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, FT-IR and circula

260 tion of heparosan with heparin lyase III and spectrophotometry that is safer and more specific than t

261 We confirmed, using western blot and spectrophotometry, that Hsp90 or BRAF inhibitor-induced

262 Using stopped-flow spectrophotometry, the reaction with m-chloroperoxybenzo

263 Based on results from stopped-flow spectrophotometry, the reduced enzyme-3HB complex reacts

264 nce spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and uv spectrophotometry: The corresponding rate constants were

265 of the results with those obtained by UV-vis spectrophotometry, this demonstrates the high accuracy o

266 on produced by NADPH oxidase was measured by spectrophotometry through WST-1 reduction at 450nm and u

267 th of the nanogels with NR was determined by spectrophotometry to be 28% (nHP-SW) and 31% (nHP-OP).

268 dy-state has been determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry to be 34.8 (+/- 0.9) muM-1 s-1 in the

269 ole are shown by UV-visible and fluorescence spectrophotometry to be strong ligands for tRNA, giving

270 ehydration conditions and analysed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry to determine crocins, picrocrocin and

271 denaturation studies in conjunction with UV spectrophotometry to determine hypochromicity requires p

272 was studied using stopped-flow fluorescence spectrophotometry to investigate the underlying mechanis

273 d is based on the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometry to measure spectra of lung tissue from

274 We used spectrophotometry to quantify the coloration of the spec

275 a combination of flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry to quantify vacuolar and whole cell ir

276 ced flavins has been studied by stopped flow spectrophotometry under anaerobic conditions, and second

277 )-4H-chromen-4-one 1 have been determined by spectrophotometry using aqueous methanol solutions.

278 has been analyzed in detail by stopped-flow spectrophotometry using both single-wavelength and diode

279 d-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) and UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), have been combined to classi

280 graphy (HPLC)-ultraviolet/visible absorption spectrophotometry (UV/Vis)-mass spectrometry (MS) profil

281 s and volatile compounds were analysed using spectrophotometry-UV and GC-MS-SPME, respectively.

282 cs were measured by simultaneous reflectance spectrophotometry (venous oxygen saturation StO2 and rel

283 UV-visible spectrophotometry verified the separation of the tiopron

284 Stopped-flow spectrophotometry was examined as a tool to assign midpo

285 organic droplets (AA-LDS-LLME-SFOD) prior to spectrophotometry was successfully applied for quantitat

286 Spectrophotometry was used as a chaperone assay.

287 Spectrophotometry was used to measure UV transmission in

288 hours following RF ablation, and fluorescent spectrophotometry was used to quantify extracted doxorub

289 Experiments in which visible spectrophotometry was utilized reveal that rHb(alphaL29F

290 Using spectrophotometry, we analyzed the rates of Ca(2+) pumpi

291 Using UV-visible stopped-flow spectrophotometry, we demonstrate that the Co-C homolysi

292 By using stopped-flow spectrophotometry, we demonstrated that electron transfe

293 Using stopped-flow spectrophotometry, we demonstrated that electron transfe

294 In this work, using stopped-flow spectrophotometry, we investigated the mechanism of hydr

295 dy, UV/visible and fluorescence stopped-flow spectrophotometries were used to determine the kinetics

296 Also, EPR spin trapping and UV-vis spectrophotometry were used to analyze the effect of ary

297 NH2-terminal sequencing and mass spectrophotometry were used to verify the NH2 terminus a

298 alyzed for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity by spectrophotometry with o-dianisidine dihydrochloride and

299 ere monitored at 4 degrees c by stopped flow spectrophotometry with several hydroperoxides as substra

300 As measured by stopped flow spectrophotometry, XO and XDH react with the first equiv