ライフサイエンスコーパス: sperm competition

1 density (sperm number / space available for sperm competition).

2 particular female) after detecting a risk of sperm competition.

3 sperm motility, an important determinant in sperm competition.

4 ance are poorly understood in the context of sperm competition.

5 in spiders may signal male quality or reduce sperm competition.

6 ization in C. elegans and related studies on sperm competition.

7 A. insignis is selected for post-copulatory sperm competition.

8 ing low equilibrium levels of variability in sperm competition.

9 in mating behaviors and predicted levels of sperm competition.

10 s to have a previously unappreciated role in sperm competition.

11 role of all these candidate female genes in sperm competition.

12 sms that underlie the female contribution to sperm competition.

13 sheep, a primitive breed experiencing strong sperm competition.

14 tility and, in cases of multiple mating, for sperm competition.

15 that this dimorphism evolved in response to sperm competition.

16 an adaptation likely to have been driven by sperm competition.

17 elocity when faced with an increased risk of sperm competition.

18 erlying reproductive phenotypes important to sperm competition.

19 y and thereby gain an advantage in intermale sperm competition.

20 and these proteins influence the outcome of sperm competition.

21 aviour of closely related sperm is driven by sperm competition.

22 emales in response to the potential level of sperm competition.

23 rm storage may underlie these differences in sperm competition.

24 ader comparative literature on adaptation to sperm competition.

25 s mutation and mating success in the face of sperm competition.

26 gulation, perhaps related to post-copulatory sperm competition.

27 cted F0 and DeltaF in species with increased sperm competition.

28 m can also stimulate ovulation and engage in sperm competition.

29 elsewhere on the Y chromosome and driven by sperm competition.

30 n the widely accepted 'sneak-guard' model of sperm competition?

31 ach to quantify genetic variation underlying sperm competition [8] [9] [10], to elucidate its genetic

32 oviding important clues to the mechanisms of sperm competition, a form of sexual selection that is an

33 fspring because males that are successful in sperm competition also sire healthy offspring.

34 ction of post-reproductive traits related to sperm competition among males.

35 pulatory sexual selection on males (that is, sperm competition and cryptic female choice) can lead to

36 y of fertilization, especially the degree of sperm competition and egg death via polyspermy, are impo

37 es actively keeping open the opportunity for sperm competition and female choice of sperm by discrimi

38 ant phenomena such as cryptic female choice, sperm competition and love darts-common features of herm

39 tivity, ovulation, oogenesis, sperm storage, sperm competition and mating plug formation.

40 of these forces is sexual conflict involving sperm competition and polyspermy avoidance.

41 in polygamous species with higher levels of sperm competition and production.

42 in accessory gland proteins may be driven by sperm competition and sexual conflict, processes that ma

43 dynamics of genes thought to be involved in sperm competition and sexual conflict, two processes tha

44 ht evidence for two evolutionary hypotheses: sperm competition and sexual conflict.

45 pes are selected under conditions of intense sperm competition and sexual conflict.

46 with relative testicle size, an indicator of sperm competition and sexual selection.

47 Postcopulatory sexual selection due to sperm competition and/or cryptic female choice has been

48 its effect on a male's reproductive success (sperm competition and/or mating success) rather than his

49 dual ovules in addition to male gametophyte (sperm) competition and maternal mate choice may have bee

50 , in which males compete for fertilizations (sperm competition) and females operate sperm selection a

51 ternity: by outcompeting rival ejaculates in sperm competition, and by reducing the probability that

52 oductive success, affecting spermatogenesis, sperm competition, and sperm-egg interaction.

53 These results indicate that females mediate sperm competition, and that second-male sperm precedence

54 e female's sperm storage organs, to quantify sperm competition, and to assess how closely paternity s

55 heca, which is the site of fertilization and sperm competition are normal in spe-42 mutants.

56 Sperm competition arises as a result of complex interact

57 The sperm competition assays described in this study will be

58 , and the paternal signal was not visible in sperm competition assays or as allelic imbalance in sper

59 m) and number (s) under three mechanisms of sperm competition at low 'risk' levels: (i) raffle with

60 importance, however, detailed mechanisms of sperm competition at the gamete level remain poorly unde

61 e--female genotypic interaction in mediating sperm competition attests to an active role of females,

62 s) are of particular interest to theories of sperm competition because most urodele females--in contr

63 m quality has never been considered, despite sperm competition being widespread and well studied in t

64 les do not simply provide a static arena for sperm competition but rather play an active and pivotal

65 nctional traits can influence the outcome of sperm competition, but also that these traits can be mod

66 pulatory plug, which presumably functions in sperm competition by blocking insemination of subsequent

67 fluid (ovarian fluid) changes the outcome of sperm competition by decreasing the importance of sperm

68 s adaptive in males because females escalate sperm competition by further shortening and synchronizin

69 e of these candidate female genes may affect sperm competition by modulating the neural input of thes

70 I show that a moderate level of sperm competition can account for the observation that t

71 n cichlids provides compelling evidence that sperm competition can drive the evolution of faster, lon

72 In Drosophila, where females mate multiply, sperm competition contributes strongly to fitness variab

73 e's role in postcopulatory processes such as sperm competition, cryptic female choice, and sexually a

74 Species with greater sperm competition do not have faster rates of seminal pr

75 However, sperm competition does require normal sperm motility.

76 Paternity success across 77 two-male sperm competitions (each running over 30-day oviposition

77 Using an in vitro sperm competition experiment, we demonstrate that female

78 oninvasively screen individuals and then run sperm competition experiments between males that differ

79 s; increasing egg production; and modulating sperm competition, feeding behaviors, and mating plug fo

80 igate psychological responses to the risk of sperm competition for 237 men in committed, sexual relat

81 ting rates, the evolutionary consequences of sperm competition for sex chromosome meiotic drive are s

82 The frequent occurrence of sperm competition has forced males of many species to de

83 ur results indicate that sexual selection by sperm competition has influenced the evolution of a spec

84 Sperm competition has led to spectacular adaptations in

85 amination of genetic variation in aspects of sperm competition has revealed some striking patterns, p

86 s by characterizing the natural variation in sperm competition in a set of 39 lines from the sequence

87 sitive relationship between the intensity of sperm competition in a species and the strength of posit

88 The existence of sperm competition in Drosophila has been inferred from t

89 sperm investment a male may bias a potential sperm competition in his favour.

90 and empirical arguments for the existence of sperm competition in humans and discuss proposed adaptat

91 The authors first describe mechanisms of sperm competition in insects and in birds.

92 ity is one of a suite of male adaptations to sperm competition in insects.

93 f live sperm, covaried with the intensity of sperm competition in insects.

94 Sperm competition in ovaries of multiply-inseminated fem

95 Several empirical studies of sperm competition in populations polymorphic for a drivi

96 Yet, despite extensive research on sperm competition in some vertebrate taxa, very little p

97 te [12] and to discern the potential role of sperm competition in species isolation [13] [14].

98 iour of consort males, and the high level of sperm competition in this complex mating system.

99 We investigate the relationship between sperm competition intensity and sperm expenditure, both

100 Postcopulatory sperm competition is a key aspect of sexual selection an

101 The mechanism by which sperm competition is accomplished is still unknown, howe

102 Sperm competition is extremely common in many ecological

103 tiple males during a single ovulatory cycle, sperm competition is hypothesized to increase the rate o

104 bra finch sperm phenotype may be low because sperm competition is infrequent in this species, and thi

105 ltruism to gain an advantage when inter-male sperm competition is intense.

106 ons, demonstrate clearly that the outcome of sperm competition is not a simple property of each male.

107 Additionally, sperm competition is not an absolute process because ooc

108 oxically, in the fruitfly Drosophila bifurca sperm competition is rife but males produce few, giant s

109 In female Drosophila melanogaster, sperm competition is strongly influenced by the timing o

110 mong the extraordinary adaptations driven by sperm competition is the cooperative behaviour of sperma

111 es are relatively large in species with high sperm competition like the chimpanzee and small in speci

112 impanzee and small in species with low or no sperm competition like the gorilla.

113 imal species may have multiple mechanisms of sperm competition like those observed here, and revealin

114 more offspring posthumously, indicating that sperm competition may be an important component of their

115 over, Acp29AB's effects on sperm storage and sperm competition may explain previously documented evid

116 Sperm competition may occur whenever sperm from more tha

117 emale reproductive tract traits that mediate sperm competition, may be an engine of speciation.

118 ng associated with positive selection due to sperm competition might explain the rapid decline in the

119 ss species and within a species, using a two sperm competition models.

120 Success in sperm competition, occurring whenever females mate with

121 Sperm competition occurs when a female copulates with tw

122 Sperm competition occurs when sperm from more than one m

123 Sperm competition occurs when the sperm of multiple male

124 ale reproductive capacity, particularly when sperm competition occurs.

125 We analyze a model of the effects of sperm competition on a driving X chromosome and show tha

126 ults from postmating sexual selection (e.g., sperm competition or cryptic female choice).

127 ment to the female reproductive tract, where sperm competition or female choice of sperm could bias f

128 explained by intraspecific sexual conflict, sperm competition, or epistasis of introgressed genes on

129 female genes that are critical for mediating sperm competition outcomes.

130 We found extensive female variation in sperm competition outcomes.

131 ractory, CG14560 with a defensive measure of sperm competition (P1') and a measure of female fecundit

132 leiotropic effects [CG6168 with a measure of sperm competition (P2') and refractory, CG14560 with a d

133 ty phenotypes, female remating rate, and the sperm competition parameter, P1.

134 In a monogamous species lacking sperm competition, Peromyscus polionotus, sperm indiscri

135 lex genetic architecture of reproductive and sperm competition phenotypes and have significant implic

136 arly primates, showed that, owing to greater sperm competition, polyandrous taxa generally have physi

137 Sperm competition provides an arena in which to assess t

138 Understanding how female behavior influences sperm competition requires knowledge of the neuronal mec

139 polyandrous species (i.e., with and without sperm competition, respectively), we found that in all c

140 on theory, provide unequivocal evidence that sperm competition risk drives plastic adjustment of ejac

141 m(*)s(*)) increases in all three models with sperm competition risk, q.

142 ents to ejaculate performance in response to sperm competition risk; however, the mechanisms behind t

143 diction of sperm competition theory was that sperm competition selected for the evolution of numerous

144 ect experimental support for the theory that sperm competition selects for maximal numbers of miniatu

145 indicate that the study of female control of sperm competition should not be limited to female reprod

146 hat their presence can affect the outcome of sperm competition situations.

147 ) longevity, and (iv) total length determine sperm competition success.

148 velocity is a key spermatozoal component for sperm competition success.

149 perm velocity was the primary determinant of sperm competition success.

150 i.e., female promiscuity) leading to fiercer sperm competition than monandry.

151 The sperm competition that results from female infidelity an

152 e the disadvantage of Sex-ratio males during sperm competition, the latter change decreases the incid

153 However, recent interest in sperm competition theory has shown that prezygotic isola

154 Sperm competition theory predicts that animals face a tr

155 The earliest prediction of sperm competition theory was that sperm competition sele

156 ombined findings, completely consistent with sperm competition theory, provide unequivocal evidence t

157 males), as predicted by the lower levels of sperm competition these species experience.

158 Salmo salar), a species naturally adapted to sperm competition, to examine how the relative influence

159 Between-species divergence in sperm competition traits and mechanisms prompted six a p

160 To assess the genetic basis of sperm competition under conditions in which it occurs, I

161 el, due to Parker, of sperm allocation under sperm competition, when other influences are treated in

162 Sperm competition, when sperm from different males compe

163 ay contain the sperm of both men, initiating sperm competition (whereby sperm from multiple males com

164 that paternity is determined by fair-raffle sperm competition, which should obviate local mate compe

165 , indicating higher levels of postcopulatory sperm competition, while hyoid volume decreases.

166 Sexual selection theory predicts that sperm competition will push males to produce more, small

167 mating behavior determines the intensity of sperm competition, with polyandry (i.e., female promiscu

168 ion-defective sperm were used to reveal that sperm competition within a hermaphrodite does not requir

169 the latter change decreases the incidence of sperm competition within the population.

170 ources in maintaining a lower mutation rate, sperm competition would select for males that produce la