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1 tables (carrots, mangos, sweet potatoes, and spinach).
2 kg(-1) (green pea) to around 930 mg kg(-1) (spinach).
3 ar pigments than green leafy vegetables like spinach.
4 le genome duplication events are observed in spinach.
5 ns and along an industrial freezing chain of spinach.
6 consumed with oxalate-containing foods like spinach.
7 se infected N. benthamiana plants but not in spinach.
8 eduction of the nutritional value of exposed spinach.
9 , encoding a GA 2-oxidase, was isolated from spinach.
10 using PSII-enriched membrane fragments from spinach.
11 y residues 176-195 of glycolate oxidase from spinach.
12 Photosystem II subchloroplast particles from spinach.
13 bine with the soluble oxalate present in the spinach.
14 as compared to protein-complexed lutein from spinach.
15 mparing whole leaf and puree preparations of spinach.
16 ly expressed between the cultivated and wild spinach.
17 nt partial solubilization of thylakoids from spinach.
20 a-carotene in oil), M(retinol)+5 (from GR or spinach [(2)H(1)(0)]beta-carotene), and M(retinol)+10 (f
21 x (in kg/m2) of 25.7 +/- 1.5 consumed pureed spinach (300 g, 20.8 micromol tbeta-carotene equivalents
23 foods, we used 2 natural sources of folate, spinach (50% polyglutamyl folate) and yeast (100% polygl
24 ained a three-dimensional cryo-EM map of the spinach 70S chloro-ribosome, revealing the overall struc
25 ombined with a fluorophore-binding sequence 'Spinach', a GFP-like RNA aptamer for which the RNA-fluor
26 iptome sequencing of 120 cultivated and wild spinach accessions reveals more than 420 K variants.
27 ormed deep transcriptome sequencing for nine spinach accessions: three from cultivated S. oleracea, t
29 emonstrate the conformational flexibility of spinach ACP and suggest how the protein changes to accom
30 e report here the NMR solution structures of spinach ACP with decanoate (10:0-ACP) and stearate (18:0
36 for generating fluorescent sensors based on Spinach, an RNA sequence that binds and activates the fl
37 ercome by using fluorescent sensors based on Spinach, an RNA that activates the fluorescence of a sma
38 aw (Crank, 1975), was 7.4x10(-12) m(2)/s for spinach and 5.8x10(-10) m(2)/s for green beans, which is
40 on lutein and beta-carotene liberation from spinach and Asia salads by applying an in vitro digestio
46 active wild type and the chimeric PsbO from spinach and cyanobacteria, with yields compatible with b
48 l degradation kinetics was not monotonous in spinach and green beans especially at 45 degrees C and d
49 tudy folate diffusivity and degradation from spinach and green beans, in order to determine the propo
50 fresh biomass) in tobacco and edible plants (spinach and leafy beets) at costs that will allow commer
51 6Phe and Met16Trp pseudoazurin, and Leu12Phe spinach and Leu14Phe Phormidium laminosum plastocyanin v
54 s likely the direct progenitor of cultivated spinach and spinach domestication has a weak bottleneck.
57 s are nearly indistinguishable from those of spinach and substantially different from those of Chlamy
59 ivase produced an enzyme that activated both spinach and tobacco Rubisco, whereas a second mutation,
64 s compared among apoplastic loaders (pea and spinach) and symplastic loaders (pumpkin and Verbascum p
65 sweet potato, approximately 10:1 for Indian spinach, and approximately 6:1 for synthetic beta-carote
68 implicate SpGAI as the feminizing factor in spinach, and suggest that the feminizing pathway is epis
69 fluorescence and photophysical properties of Spinach, and we describe future prospects for designing
71 ce module (UFM), consisting of the eGFP-like Spinach aptamer and a highly active hammerhead ribozyme,
74 clic di-GMP and cyclic AMP-GMP by fusing the Spinach aptamer to variants of a natural GEMM-I riboswit
76 ementation assay by assembling a fluorescent Spinach aptamer, which is a synthetic RNA mimic of the G
78 nit in Rubisco function, small subunits from spinach, Arabidopsis, and sunflower were assembled with
80 on and maintenance of GA(1) concentration in spinach are primarily attributable to changes in express
83 yrosequencing of this region showed that all spinach-associated E. coli O157:H7 isolates harbored thi
84 194 individual isolates, derived from a 2006 spinach-associated E. coli O157:H7 outbreak, were analyz
88 uss the generation and optimization of these Spinach-based sensors, which, unlike most currently avai
89 pureed sweet potatoes; cooked, pureed Indian spinach (Basella alba); or synthetic sources of vitamin
90 (1)) corresponded to the amount in 200-300 g spinach, beetroot, lettuce, or other vegetable that was
91 uce (i.e., kale, chard, lettuce, greens, and spinach) being most likely to soil/dust contamination of
92 ene (0.5 mg), GR beta-carotene (0.6 mg), and spinach beta-carotene (1.4 mg) to retinol were 2.0, 2.3,
93 ponses were 42.4 +/- 8.5 nmol.d per micromol spinach beta-carotene and 119.8 +/- 23.0 nmol.d per micr
96 ases and one GA 3-oxidase were isolated from spinach by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reacti
97 o, nitrate and nitrite concentrations in raw spinach can be reduced by harvesting at the best time of
98 hanism of natural riboswitches, we show that Spinach can be swapped for the expression platform of va
99 successfully applied to folate estimation in spinach, capsicum, and garden pea and demonstrated that
101 oods rich in beta-carotene, such as natural (spinach, carrots, spirulina), hybrid (high-beta-carotene
102 When the pathogens were inoculated in foods (spinach, chicken, and milk), the LOD was under 5 CFU/mL
104 ome of C. reinhardtii is similar to those of spinach chloroplast and E. coli, but the C. reinhardtii
108 Rhodospirillum rubrum and gamma subunit from spinach chloroplasts (alpha(R)(3)beta(R)(3)gamma(C)).
110 his strategy to the F-type ATP synthase from spinach chloroplasts (cATPase) providing a structural ba
111 ecombinant forms of the epsilon subunit from spinach chloroplasts lacking the last 10, 32, or 45 amin
112 ectrometry to the F1FO-ATPase, isolated from spinach chloroplasts, and uncover multiple modifications
114 ned space and can reassemble into the native Spinach conformation, yielding a measurable fluorescence
115 are prominently larger than their E. coli or spinach counterparts, containing N-terminal extensions (
116 mercury contents in lettuce, amaranth, water spinach, cowpea and rice samples were correlated with th
117 is identified RAP38 and RAP41 as paralogs of spinach CSP41, a chloroplast RNA-binding protein with en
118 x suggest that the soluble ISP domain of the spinach cyt b(6)f complex can rotate by at least 53 degr
119 identify the amino acid binding site in the spinach D2 subunit, we have employed a biotin-amine labe
121 nsing, the low fluorescence intensity of the Spinach-DFHBI RNA aptamer-fluorogen complex hampers its
128 ghteen-month-old Fischer 344 rats were given spinach-enriched lab chow or regular lab chow for 6 week
130 the mutant enzyme is lower than that of the spinach enzyme, but the carboxylation and oxygenation ki
133 II (PSII) manganese-stabilizing protein from spinach, exhibit near-wild-type PSII binding but are sig
135 2) levels in complex food matrixes (2% milk, spinach extract) with a detection limit of 10(4)-10(5) C
136 racts high in antioxidants (eg, blueberry or spinach extracts) might decrease the enhanced vulnerabil
137 ive PsbO and recombinant wild-type PsbO from spinach facilitate PSII redox reactions in a very simila
138 Reconstitution of enzymatic activity with spinach ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase revealed tha
140 cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), human CPR, spinach ferredoxin/ferredoxin reductase, and putidaredox
142 Here we report that illumination of the Spinach-fluorogen complex induces photoconversion and su
147 We identify 93 domestication sweeps in the spinach genome, some of which are associated with import
148 cturally characterized family members, e.g., spinach glycolate oxidase (GOX) and the electron transfe
149 o most alpha-hydroxy acid oxidases including spinach glycolate oxidase, a loop region, known as loop
150 and vegetable (potato, cauliflower, tomato, spinach, green beans, lettuce, egg plants and bitter gou
153 osystem II enriched thylakoid membranes from spinach; (ii) that the microsecond kinetics, previously
154 ificantly by 25% during the washing step for spinach in the freezing process, and by 30% in the green
155 performed in PSII membrane preparations from spinach in the presence of electron acceptor at 1 degree
156 y reported RNA aptamer-fluorogen system, the Spinach, in which an RNA aptamer binds and induces the f
158 )' state of the Ca(2+)-depleted cluster from spinach is examined by X- and Q-band EPR and (55)Mn elec
162 Comparison of aga/gam sequences from two spinach isolates with those of EDL933 and Sakai revealed
163 n expression vector and transformed into six spinach isolates, all (6/6) were able to grow on Aga, th
168 ondria isolated from photosynthetic (pea and spinach leaves) and heterotrophic (potato tubers) source
169 ing certified reference materials SRM 1570A (spinach leaves) with satisfactory and compatible results
175 endogenous activities from Japanese mustard spinach, lemon, and spinach have the same substrate requ
176 Thermosynechococcus vulcanus) and a chimeric spinach-like form of photosystem II allows us to identif
178 retinoids from carrot juice, raw and cooked spinach, micronutrient-fortified flour and standards wit
179 GGKR(6)L, (8)YDEIQS(14)K, and (16)YL(18)E of spinach MSP are unnecessary for specific, functional bin
180 MSP structure and function, three mutants of spinach MSP, R151G, R151D, and R161G, were produced.
182 and inhibited the oxidation of NADH by both spinach NR and an Escherichia coli extract in a time-dep
183 tein, contains an aspartate residue [Asp157 (spinach numbering)], which is highly conserved in eukary
185 e main ingredient and different solid foods (spinach, onion, salami, etc.) were compared with well-es
186 y mass index of 26.4 +/- 4.2 consumed pureed spinach only (300 g, 20.0 micromol tbeta-carotene equiva
188 et, 3) 200 microg natural folate provided as spinach, or 4) 200 microg natural folate provided as yea
192 eet potato (P = 0.21), 0.041 mmol for Indian spinach (P = 0.033), 0.065 mmol for retinyl palmitate (P
194 rticipants who ate eight or more servings of spinach per month compared with fewer than 1 serving per
195 le, electron transfer between electrodes and spinach Photosystem I reaction center (PS I) in lipid fi
196 on-transfer peaks between electrodes and the spinach photosystem II (PS II) reaction center in lipid
205 S17, S18, S19, S20, and S21 and a homolog of spinach plastid-specific ribosomal protein-3 (PSRP-3).
209 chocystis PCC 6803 and Synechococcus sp. and spinach PS II membranes have been investigated using low
210 high resolution data obtained from oriented spinach PS II membranes in the S(1) state show that ther
211 lier study shows that a 30 min incubation of spinach PS II submembrane fragments at pH 6.3 in the pre
212 ed the low-resolution structure of wild-type spinach PsbO and that of chimeric spinach PsbO fused wit
215 logy model of the PSII-bound conformation of spinach PsbO presented here positions Asp157 in the larg
216 irected mutants (D157N, D157E, and D157K) of spinach PsbO that were rebound to PsbO-depleted PSII to
218 ese K-edge XAS between T. elongatus PSII and spinach PSII are found and may originate from difference
219 r-IR bands are observed at 817 and 850 nm in spinach PSII membranes which are formed with variable re
220 trapped as the protein is frozen; and (5) in spinach PSII membranes, Car(+) decays mainly by recombin
222 e OEC are the same for T. elongatus PSII and spinach PSII, minor electronic structural differences th
223 Interestingly, no inhibition is observed for spinach PSII, suggesting that zwitterions act specifical
225 ex formation with chlorophyll derivatives in spinach pulp was studied by adding 300ppm Zn(2+) for pro
229 to a 2.5 fold increased liberation from raw spinach puree, while the effect of olive and peanut oil
233 ylthiazole kinase, we show that insertion of Spinach results in an RNA sensor that exhibits fluoresce
234 or 750 microg RE/d as sweet potatoes, Indian spinach, retinyl palmitate, or beta-carotene (RE = 1 mic
241 ontrast, tobacco chimeric activase activated spinach Rubisco far better than tobacco Rubisco, similar
245 a salads, but had no or a negative effect in spinach samples, possibly due to differences in liberati
248 ere heat impact during stir-frying of minced spinach, showing that domestic treatments need to be cho
249 ion with the shorter betaA-betaB loop of the spinach small subunit caused a 12-17% increase in specif
250 dues (diazinon, cyprodinil and phosmet) from spinach, snap beans and grapes, and the effect on produc
251 73.0 and 49.4% of phosmet; were removed from spinach, snap beans and grapes, respectively, after 15mi
253 One hundred recipes of waterleaf and wild spinach soup (afang) consumed among the Ibibios in South
254 c to cold regions (i.e. Lysipomia pumila and spinach [Spinacea oleracea]) compared with creosote bush
255 These RNA-fluorophore complexes, including Spinach, Spinach2, and Broccoli, can be used to tag RNAs
256 chlorophyll proteins between grana in intact spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Arabidopsis chloropla
259 itamin C) concentrations were determined for spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) over a 24 h period to det
261 cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni) by spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and tomato (Lycopersicon esc
262 intriguingly, only some of them, such as the spinach (Spinacia oleracea) betaine aldehyde dehydrogena
263 f several angiosperms and in isolated intact spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts undergoes light
264 Cs) associated with photosystem II (PSII) on spinach (Spinacia oleracea) grana membranes were examine
267 nally active chromosome from chloroplasts of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was analyzed by two-dimensio
268 thaliana), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) with a resolution of approxi
269 sm of the feminization pathway in cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and investigated how this p
270 Four natural pigments were extracted from spinach (Spinacia oleracea), red radish (Raphanus sativu
272 Here we report the draft genome sequence of spinach (Spinacia oleracea, 2n=12), which contains 25,49
273 ) are predominant in the long-day (LD) plant spinach (Spinacia oleracea; GA53, GA44, GA19, GA20, GA1,
274 -harvesting complex II (LHCII; isolated from spinach [Spinacia oleracea]) and the plant lipids monoga
275 on, expression of spinach SPS, production of spinach SPS protein, and development of enhanced extract
276 rms of foreign gene insertion, expression of spinach SPS, production of spinach SPS protein, and deve
277 312 elite) was produced that over-expressed spinach sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) because of its
278 uce, mizuna, red chard, red lettuce, rocket, spinach, Swiss chard, and tatsoi) and quality traits of
279 th the [13C8]retinyl acetate reference dose, spinach tbeta-carotene conversion to retinol was 20.9 +/
280 irst genetically modified PsbO proteins from spinach that combine wild-type PSII binding behavior wit
281 n reactions using a fluorescent RNA aptamer 'Spinach' that was engineered to undergo sequence-specifi
282 157:H7 caused by consumption of contaminated spinach, there was a notably high frequency of HUS.
284 lcium sulphate to 100g of raw homogenates of spinach to determine whether calcium would combine with
285 green vegetables: broccoli, green pepper and spinach treated with thermal and high pressure high temp
291 application, the concentration of NO3(-) in spinach was successfully determined using this method.
293 Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak in bagged spinach was traced to California's Central Coast region,
296 g O157 contamination of fresh produce (e.g., spinach) were associated with more severe disease, as de
297 In this study Cu and Zn were found only in spinach, while Pb and As were not detected in any of the
298 mes the iron and calcium amount comparing to spinach; while sodium was absent from the former species
299 itamin A value of beta-carotene in GR and in spinach with that of pure beta-carotene in oil when cons
300 and metabolites in tomato, cucumber, pepper, spinach, zucchini, grape, cherry, peach and apricot.
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