ライフサイエンスコーパス: spiny

1 rticostriatal (HVC) neurons and their target spiny and pallidal neurons in Area X.

2 m synapses on the thin, distal Purkinje cell spiny branchlets.

3 inje cell synapses on the thin Purkinje cell spiny branchlets.

4 ophic, with almost complete disappearance of spiny branchlets.

5 ng along their well-developed dendrites with spiny branchlets.

6 Spiny damselfish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus) exposed t

7 ine inherently possessed fewer mature medium spiny (Darpp-32-positive) neurons (P < 0.001) and fewer

8 Furthermore, thalamic boutons in M1 targeted spiny dendrites exclusively, whereas approximately 9% of

9 matic diameter), possess tortuous, partially spiny dendrites, and are rostrally biased in their posit

10 reviously isolated a V-NAR from an immunized spiny dogfish shark, named E06, that binds specifically

11 In contrast, the potential for overlap of spiny dogfish with prey species was enhanced by warming,

12 risingly, its organization within the PSD of spiny excitatory neurons of neocortex and hippocampus di

13 ex and hippocampus differed from that within spiny inhibitory neurons of neostriatum and cerebellar c

14 In contrast to small-sized spiny ITCcs, L-ITCcs possess thick, aspiny dendrites, ha

15 ing, eye, and abdomen, we define where Dachs-Spiny-legs and Dachsous-Spiny-legs interactions contribu

16 Dachs, can each independently interact with Spiny-legs and direct its localization in vivo.

17 e define where Dachs-Spiny-legs and Dachsous-Spiny-legs interactions contribute to PCP, and provide a

18 us-Fat PCP systems are connected through the Spiny-legs isoform of the Prickle-Spiny-legs locus.

19 hrough the Spiny-legs isoform of the Prickle-Spiny-legs locus.

20 cterization of the contributions of Prickle, Spiny-legs, Dachsous, Fat, and Dachs to PCP in the Droso

21 induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in medium spiny-like neurons generated from stem cells derived fro

22 we undertake the first analysis of Caribbean spiny lobster diet using a stable isotope approach (carb

23 l pathway was previously unrecognized in the spiny lobster's diet, and these results are the first em

24 The Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, is one of the most valua

25 data unite blastema-mediated regeneration in spiny mice with regeneration in other vertebrates such a

26 cies, here we show that several Acomys spp. (spiny mice) and Oryctolagus cuniculus completely regener

27 Spiny mice, Acomys, described here at Evolution Canyon (

28 African-originated spiny mice, of the Acomys cahirinus complex, colonized I

29 progression and proliferation only occurs in spiny mice.

30 odel of epimorphic regeneration, the African spiny mouse, to examine cell-based inflammation and test

31 of inhibitory, indirect pathway medium-sized spiny neuron (iMSN) NMDA-Rs has been used to address the

32 ase (HD) is characterized by striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN) dysfunction, but the underlying mecha

33 accumulation of DeltaFosB in the two medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtypes in this region.

34 europlasticity adaptations in the two medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtypes, those enriched in dopamine

35 regulation in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtypes, those enriched in dopamine

36 ine action in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtypes, those enriched in dopamine

37 ltaFosB induction in the two striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtypes.

38 type within the NAc is the GABAergic medium spiny neuron (MSN), with two major subpopulations define

39 nalyses of HEK293 cell innervation by medium spiny neuron axons using immunocytochemistry, activity-d

40 tia nigra pars compacta, yet striatal medium spiny neuron dendritic spine density was largely maintai

41 pled receptor that modulates striatal medium spiny neuron excitability.

42 ed in the knock-in mice by changes in medium spiny neuron intrinsic excitability and nucleus accumben

43 amically modulated by uncertainty across the spiny neuron population, allowing the system to self-tun

44 To identify NAc medium spiny neuron subtypes, we used mice expressing tdTomato

45 role of phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2), a medium spiny neuron-enriched and cGMP-activated PDE, in AMPAR t

46 - and D2-dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-/D2-MSNs) comprise the nucleus accumbe

47 e receptor type 2-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) are particularly affected, we hy

48 es of dopamine D2-receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs), one of the major cell types in

49 striatal direct- and indirect-pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs) and optically stimulated

50 ed in the direct and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs, respectively), 5-HT6 rec

51 eceptors (D2Rs) from indirect-pathway medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) is sufficient to impair locomotor

52 estin signaling in 'indirect pathway' medium spiny neurons (iMSNs), because of their central role in

53 strength onto nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSN).

54 ignals converging onto striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) and activate intracellular events i

55 Finally, since both D2-medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and D2-expressing choline acetyltra

56 GABAARs) mediate phasic inhibition of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and influence behavioral responses

57 nd striatopallidal (indirect pathway) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and its relevance to repetitive gro

58 striatonigral and striatopallidal) of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and synapses belonging to two neura

59 Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are a key population in the basal g

60 Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are a major target of dopamine in t

61 ne subtype 2 (D2) receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are selectively vulnerable to Tat e

62 Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are striatal output neurons forming

63 Gabaergic striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are the only output of this pivotal

64 GABAergic medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) are the principal projection neuron

65 g postsynaptic M1 mAChRs expressed on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) at the origin of the indirect stria

66 e 2 (D2) receptor-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) by breeding transgenic Tat-expressi

67 mice, striatal D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) directly projecting to the substant

68 rdinated activation of two classes of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing D1 or D2 dopamine recept

69 cally involved in addiction, contains medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing dopamine D1 or D2 recept

70 -regulation occurs selectively in NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing dopamine D2 receptors (D

71 Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) form inhibitory synapses on neighbo

72 from an imbalance in the activity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from the direct (dMSNs) and indirec

73 dent dendritic spine loss in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from YAC128 transgenic HD mice.

74 Balanced activity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the direct and the indirect path

75 n dopamine D1 or D2 subpopulations of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the NAc, we found that SIRT1 pro

76 and morphology of dendritic spines on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a c

77 ructural and functional properties of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc).

78 n (t-SP) at glutamatergic synapses on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens core (NAco

79 c synapses on ventral striatum (vSTR) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) is critical for shaping stress resp

80 riatum, colocalized with the striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) marker, D1-receptor associated sign

81 Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) mediate many of the physiological e

82 f GlyRs in accumbal dopamine receptor medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of C57BL/6J mice, analysing mRNA ex

83 nd functional synaptic alterations in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of nucleus accumbens (NAc).

84 timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the core nucleus accumbens (NAc)

85 imbalance in the activity of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the direct (dMSNs) and indirect

86 induces mushroom spinogenesis in the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the dorsal striatum in rats, whi

87 Ac and their modulation by ethanol in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the mouse nAc.

88 1 and D2 dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the NAc of PV+ interneuron silen

89 plasticity at excitatory synapses on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) driv

90 Structural alterations on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) have

91 ("incubated rats") exhibit changes in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) that

92 erations in the synaptic structure of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a p

93 nal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum controls psychostim

94 se brain neurons, most prominently in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum.

95 ifications in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) play a key role in adaptive and pat

96 activity of two subpopulations of NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that are defined by their predomina

97 In transgenic mice, medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that exhibited perinuclear inclusio

98 The majority of DMS cells are medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that express dopamine D1 receptors

99 NAc core of rats modulates GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) through presynaptic-glutamatergic a

100 or adenosine A2a receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) to determine the role of 2-AG signa

101 daptations in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) underlie stress-induced depression-

102 s and paired recordings from CHIs and medium spiny neurons (MSNs) virally overexpressing G-protein-ac

103 ighly expressed PDE in striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) with low micromolar affinity for bo

104 Individual medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the VS serve as a site of co

105 ighly enriched population of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), a neuronal subpopulation that has

106 NAc, dendritic spine formation on NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs), and locomotor sensitization to coc

107 The NAc consists largely of medium spiny neurons (MSNs), distinguished by their predominant

108 te gyrus granule cells or in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), indicating predominant expression

109 ed cell type-specific distinctions in medium spiny neurons (MSNs), the main projection neurons in the

110 a large population of human striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), the main target of neurodegenerati

111 eases disynaptic GABAergic input onto medium spiny neurons (MSNs), the major output neurons of the st

112 gh the functional output of principle medium spiny neurons (MSNs), whereas dysfunctional output of NA

113 dopamine-receptor-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which are interspersed and electri

114 enhanced in a subpopulation of medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), which could dampen striatal output

115 esulting from dysfunction of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which form the main output project

116 for these neuromodulators in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which play important roles in plas

117 use a computational network model of medium spiny neurons (MSNs)-fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs), b

118 ward region composed predominantly of medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

119 pressed potassium channels (GIRK2) in medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

120 in dendritic spine morphology of NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

121 g-dependent long-term potentiation in medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

122 either D1- or D2-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

123 G, is predominantly composed of medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs).

124 itic spine density in striatopallidal medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

125 tion of neurons analogous to striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

126 n each of the two distinct classes of medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

127 ectively expressed in striatopallidal medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

128 t to the NAc, directly regulating NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

129 the main neurons of the striatum, the medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

130 pamine receptor-1 (D1) containing NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

131 behaviors partially by activating NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

132 te striatal glutamatergic inputs onto medium spiny neurons (MSNs).

133 label about 1% striatal D1-expressing medium spiny neurons and allow visualization of their dendrites

134 ession of identity genes for striatal medium spiny neurons and in dysregulation of cyclic AMP signali

135 in turn lead to hyperexcitability of medium spiny neurons and OCD-like behavior.

136 c) GABAA receptor Cl(-) currents onto medium spiny neurons and pyramidal neurons.

137 MNI-659 may identify early changes in medium spiny neurons and serve as a marker to predict conversio

138 egulates the excitability of striatal medium spiny neurons and that reduction of Foxp1 correlates wit

139 model system incorporating GABAergic medium spiny neurons and the HEK293 cells, stably expressing di

140 ine neurons as well as D1R-expressing medium spiny neurons and their glutamatergic inputs via NMDARs

141 uced plasticity, and define NAc shell medium spiny neurons as a primary site of persistent AMPA-type

142 tified dopamine receptor-1 expressing medium spiny neurons as key mediators of the effects of p11 on

143 unchanged pPKA substrate levels in D1 medium spiny neurons as well as in cholinergic interneurons.

144 Our data show that whether core NAc medium spiny neurons belong to the direct or indirect pathways

145 We find that corticostriatal and spiny neurons both show precise singing-related firing a

146 in striatonigral and striatopallidal medium spiny neurons but not in several interneuron populations

147 s to basally control PP2A in striatal medium spiny neurons but that dopamine acting via PKA inactivat

148 ratio of AMPA to NMDA currents in accumbens spiny neurons compared with yoked saline animals at 2 wk

149 Tightly clustered small-sized spiny neurons constitute the majority of ITCcs, but they

150 on in D2 dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons corrected the hyperlocomotor phenotype, wh

151 pression of Auts2 or Caln1 in D2-type medium spiny neurons demonstrated that both genes promote cocai

152 ls and mice expressing mutant Htt, in medium spiny neurons derived from human HD iPSCs and in brain s

153 The two populations of medium-sized spiny neurons displayed different patterns of histone mo

154 dorsomedial relative to dorsolateral medium spiny neurons early in training and population responses

155 erexpression of FosB in striatonigral medium spiny neurons exacerbated dyskinetic behavior, whereas o

156 idum (VP) as a site of convergence of medium spiny neurons expressing dopamine (DA) receptor type 1 (

157 ial prefrontal cortex and in striatal medium spiny neurons forming the direct or indirect pathways.

158 c synaptic transmission onto striatal medium spiny neurons in a manner reminiscent of endogenous mesD

159 d expression of DARPP-32 in accumbens medium spiny neurons in a pattern indicative of reduced transmi

160 Qualitatively, aspiny and spiny neurons in both species appeared morphologically s

161 delta specifically in the striatum of medium spiny neurons in mice yielded HD-like motor phenotypes,

162 eases the density of stubby spines on medium spiny neurons in NAc, and that maintaining this increase

163 mbic DA neurons, eliciting EPSCs onto medium spiny neurons in NAc.

164 ne-induced changes in excitability of medium spiny neurons in nucleus accumbens and gating the compos

165 and increased spine head diameter in medium spiny neurons in the accumbens core (NAcore).

166 ses a specific loss of HFS-LTP in the medium spiny neurons in the direct pathway without affecting LT

167 cortex, terminates on direct pathway medium spiny neurons in the dorsolateral striatum, and is stren

168 ty in dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium-spiny neurons in the indirect, striatopallidal pathway i

169 nhanced the intrinsic excitability of medium spiny neurons in the NAc core and reduced the function a

170 Furthermore, medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens, an area implicat

171 dministration specifically in D2-type medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens, an effect seen i

172 modulates the synaptic connections of medium spiny neurons in the striatum.

173 that activation of Group I mGluRs in medium spiny neurons induces trafficking of GluA2 from the endo

174 ostsynaptic currents was depressed in medium spiny neurons of ethanol drinking mice.

175 -soluble proteins highly expressed in medium spiny neurons of striatum that are phosphorylated in res

176 sm of signal transduction enriched in medium spiny neurons of striatum that likely mediates effects o

177 te differently synaptic plasticity in medium spiny neurons of the accumbens direct and indirect pathw

178 By acting in the striatal medium spiny neurons of the direct pathway, NF1 regulates opioi

179 display a loss of dendritic spines in medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) shell, acc

180 d the associated hyperexcitability of medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens.

181 By contrast, the medium spiny neurons of the striatum and the catecholaminergic

182 terneurons, pyramidal neurons and the medium spiny neurons of the striatum, implicating cortical and

183 hate and is highly expressed in medium-sized spiny neurons of the striatum, making it an attractive t

184 , when expressed in mice in GABAergic medium spiny neurons of the striatum, the beta-arrestin-biased

185 NMDARs) in the selectively vulnerable medium spiny neurons of the striatum.

186 le-cell voltage clamp recordings from medium spiny neurons of the striatum.

187 trate that altering cAMP signaling in medium spiny neurons of the ventral striatum can effectively mo

188 ceptor 2a in the striatum, markers of medium spiny neurons signaling via the indirect pathway, associ

189 produced strong GABAergic inhibition in all spiny neurons tested.

190 10A) is an enzyme present in striatal medium spiny neurons that degrades the intracellular second mes

191 recordings were performed in NAc core medium spiny neurons to assess the contribution of CP-AMPAR tra

192 al excitability, and the inability of medium spiny neurons to regulate activity-induced gene expressi

193 e thalamus and D2-receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons via synaptic insertion of GluA2-lacking AM

194 Although the morphology of spiny neurons was diverse, with the presence of extraver

195 n pyramidal neurons of layer V and in medium spiny neurons within striosomes.

196 al recordings of striatal projection "medium spiny neurons" (MSN).

197 D1 dopamine receptor (Drd1)-enriched medium spiny neurons, accelerates the development of morphine t

198 which is highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons, acts as a selective inhibitor of certain

199 uding glutamatergic neurons, striatal medium spiny neurons, and GABA interneurons.

200 s in several cortical areas, striatal medium spiny neurons, and hypothalamic neurons.

201 ing two distinct populations of medium-sized spiny neurons, and little is known concerning the cell-t

202 ic synapses on nucleus accumbens core medium spiny neurons, but it is unknown how achieving drug use

203 e neurons and nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons, consistent with a presynaptic effect.

204 y, cortical thinning, degeneration of medium spiny neurons, dense mutant Htt inclusion formation, dec

205 exhibit several abnormalities in NAc medium spiny neurons, including reduced presynaptic function an

206 rly in dopamine receptor-1 expressing medium spiny neurons, may underlie pathophysiological mechanism

207 In striatal medium spiny neurons, PDE10A is localized at the plasma membran

208 ride channel into rat dorsal striatal medium spiny neurons, targets of strong dopamine innervation, t

209 ral model, TANs modulate the excitability of spiny neurons, their population response to reinforcemen

210 tant huntingtin primarily in striatal medium spiny neurons, which highly express phosphodiesterase 10

211 of gene expression in dorsal striatum medium spiny neurons-unlike most other modules, which showed no

212 nd potentiated excitatory synapses on medium spiny neurons.

213 spiking interneurons (FSIs) than onto medium spiny neurons.

214 entiation protocol providing striatal medium spiny neurons.

215 ABAergic inhibition onto direct and indirect spiny neurons.

216 nduced degeneration of striatal medium-sized spiny neurons.

217 t not D2-dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons.

218 region, an effect mediated by D2-type medium spiny neurons.

219 in indirect pathway nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons.

220 and Drd2-expressing (striatopallidal) medium spiny neurons.

221 f excitatory synaptic transmission in medium spiny neurons.

222 eficits in dendritic spine density of medium spiny neurons.

223 costriatal activity in direct pathway medium spiny neurons.

224 preferentially occurs in the striatal medium spiny neurons.

225 d expression of both genes in D2-type medium spiny neurons.

226 transient window of disinhibition for medium spiny neurons.

227 ion in dopamine receptor 1-expressing medium spiny neurons.

228 c interneurons in turn inhibited nAcc medium spiny output neurons, thereby controlling inhibitory neu

229 The diversification of spiny plants occurred long after the evolution of Afroth

230 dritic arbor length and branching, increased spiny processes, decreased inhibitory neurotransmission,

231 he striatum influence the activity of medium spiny projecting neurones (MSNs) and striatal output via

232 ns primarily function to downregulate medium spiny projection neuron (MSN) activity via monosynaptic

233 o optogenetically disconnect the interneuron-spiny projection neuron (SPN) cell circuit on a trial-by

234 dritic spines on the indirect pathway medium spiny projection neuron, indicative of decreased numbers

235 Patch-clamp recordings from spiny projection neurones (SPNs) and various interneuron

236 lance in activity of striatal direct pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs) and indirect pathway sp

237 citatory synapses on direct pathway striatal spiny projection neurons (dSPNs), whereas rapid producti

238 ains unclear--particularly in direct-pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs).

239 d excitability of NAc shell indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) and altered their synap

240 re causally attributed to AMPARs in indirect spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) and to excess phasic fi

241 jection neurons (dSPNs) and indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) is disrupted, leading t

242 ignificant loss of calbindin-positive medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) or CN interneurons expre

243 ssion onto this structure's principal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs), providing a potential m

244 n part by the loss of striatopallidal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs).

245 ive glutamatergic synaptogenesis in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) and a concomitant increa

246 Although it is known that striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) are involved in the gene

247 -95 clustering at synaptic sites in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) co-cultured with cortica

248 hway (dopamine D1 receptor-containing; D1R-) spiny projection neurons (SPNs) co-release the opioid ne

249 f cortical excitatory synapses onto striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) early in the YAC128 mous

250 with an emphasis on defining whether and how spiny projection neurons (SPNs) engage in the synchroniz

251 s are a major means of communication between spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in the striatum and prof

252 ity in striatal direct- and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons (SPNs) is critical for proper m

253 onal effects of cortical GABAergic inputs to spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the mouse auditory an

254 Striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) receive convergent excit

255 em from the disproportionate firing rates of spiny projection neurons (SPNs) therein.

256 togenesis and are highest in dorsal striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs), we tested the hypothesi

257 tivity of Protein Kinase A (PKA) in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs).

258 dopamine D2 receptors expressed by striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs).

259 atum is primarily composed of two classes of spiny projection neurons (SPNs): the striatonigral and s

260 inputs on somata was significantly higher on spiny projection neurons and cholinergic interneurons co

261 city by electrophysiological recordings from spiny projection neurons and cholinergic interneurons.

262 ex vivo produces a disynaptic inhibition of spiny projection neurons composed of biophysically disti

263 ostsynaptic AMPA receptor currents in medium spiny projection neurons expressing the D1 dopamine rece

264 signaling bias in in vitro models of medium spiny projection neurons expressing wild-type (STHdh(Q7/

265 e findings with cholinergic interneurons and spiny projection neurons in the striatum.

266 d almost exclusively expressed in the medium spiny projection neurons of the striatum, and may thus p

267 that activation of M4 receptors on striatal spiny projection neurons results in a novel form of dopa

268 s greater onto the somata of dorsal striatal spiny projection neurons than onto the somata of dopamin

269 Q7/Q7) cell culture model of striatal medium spiny projection neurons that endogenously express CB1.

270 dampen abnormal dopaminoceptive signaling in spiny projection neurons, hence providing potential targ

271 affect striatal direct vs. indirect pathway spiny projection neurons, their reduced thalamic excitat

272 behaviorally relevant cholinergic signals to spiny projection neurons.

273 articularly with regard to the morphology of spiny projection neurons.

274 urons that monosynaptically inhibit striatal spiny projection neurons.

275 ynaptic terminals of direct pathway striatal spiny projections neurons.

276 xample of this phenomenon is in the Japanese spiny rat, where the Y chromosome has disappeared altoge

277 8 million years ago, in the ancestor of most spiny-rayed fish.

278 lages, with an increase in the proportion of spiny-rayed fishes (Acanthomorpha), followed by an incre

279 d may have contributed to the success of the spiny-rayed fishes, the dominant fish clade in modern oc

280 ctinopterygian subgroup, the acanthomorph or spiny-rayed fishes.

281 Spiny savannas with abundant mammal herbivores occur in

282 tecture, reduces asymmetrical orientation of spiny stellate cell dendrites, and functionally impairs

283 Barrel cortex layer IV spiny stellate cells (bSCs) are the primary recipients o

284 al spine synapses and spine necks located on spiny stellate cells and corticothalamic cells from area

285 We found that Sema7A is expressed in spiny stellate cells and GABAergic interneurons and that

286 rm depression (LTD) between cortical layer 4 spiny stellate cells and layer 2/3 pyramidal cells requi

287 single dendritic spine Ca(2+) signals in L4 spiny stellate cells of the vibrissal mouse cortex in vi

288 tics of aberrant GluN2C-mediated currents in spiny stellate cells promotes excessive temporal integra

289 esponses in the majority of pyramidal cells, spiny stellate cells, and interneurons within the extras

290 gical and functional development of layer IV spiny stellate glutamatergic neurons receiving sensory i

291 lexity of the dendritic branches in layer IV spiny stellate neurons is reduced.

292 The dendritic spine density of mGluR5 KO spiny stellate neurons was significantly higher than in

293 4) development of functional connectivity in spiny stellate neurons.

294 transient circuit between these cells and L4 spiny stellates (SSNs) that disappears by the end of the

295 mice, PDE10A is equally expressed in medium spiny striatal neurons and in their projections to entop

296 uR5 functional dependence is shown in medium spiny striatal neurons.

297 However, instead of making normal spiny synapses, the presynaptic structures in betaIII sp

298 of ion flux, drives structural shrinkage at spiny synapses.

299 The predatory zooplankton, the spiny water flea (Bythotrephes longimanus), invaded the

300 other eutherian mammals, these were usually spiny, which contrasts with their adult, aspiny equivale