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1 d on 1 day (geometric mean dose, 1.1 x 10(8) spores).
2 mble in the inner membrane of the developing spore.
3 starvation differentiates to form a dormant spore.
4 l as the CdeC protein that is present on the spore.
5 lanin which coats the surface of single cell spores.
6 t and is also a germinant for most bacterial spores.
7 roducing dead spores or even failing to form spores.
8 ted flies by dusting the cuticle with fungal spores.
9 spores behaving differently than individual spores.
10 ally interferes with formation of outgrowing spores.
11 stages: vegetative hyphae, aerial hyphae and spores.
12 ct in formation of environmentally resistant spores.
13 llowing intranasal infections of up to 4,400 spores.
14 for the efficient germination of B. subtilis spores.
15 ification and characterization of pollen and spores.
16 produce copious amounts of enterotoxins and spores.
17 challenge with 200 LD50 aerosolized anthrax spores.
18 ) fruiting body made of dead stalk cells and spores.
19 microparticles and B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 spores.
20 ation and early growth within communities of spores.
21 ultigenomic hyphae into chains of unigenomic spores.
22 uild mounds in which some differentiate into spores.
23 imally sized aggregates for the dispersal of spores.
24 genotypes and dose of parasite transmission spores.
25 rine are also co-germinants for C. difficile spores.
26 environments and transmits between hosts via spores.
27 on of cereose-containing glycan on B. cereus spores.
30 cerevisiae undergo meiosis and form haploid spores, a process collectively referred to as sporulatio
31 of impermeability of the inner membranes of spores, accompanied by a decrease in spore resistance an
32 ins have been suggested to facilitate fungal spore adhesion and to direct the action of the enzyme cu
34 ated inhalation of dry Aspergillus fumigatus spores aerosolized at concentrations potentially encount
36 ed proxy for ultraviolet irradiance based on spore and pollen chemistry can be used over long (10(5)
37 ore and the soil environment and between the spore and the infected host during the initial stages of
38 rium is the site of interactions between the spore and the soil environment and between the spore and
40 factor alpha is triggered by hyphae but not spores and depends upon Dectin-1, a C-type lectin recept
42 dly diversified, with durable engraftment of spores and no outgrowth of non-spore-forming bacteria fo
43 m solar irradiance, the chemical analysis of spores and pollen offers unprecedented opportunities to
44 ), we observed rupturing of Amazonian fungal spores and subsequent release of submicrometer size frag
45 e exosporium basal layer of B. cereus family spores and that it can self-assemble into complex struct
46 ascospores produce both self-fertile (large-spores) and self-sterile (small-spores) offsprings in a
47 utive days (geometric mean dose, 1.7 x 10(9) spores), and those in cohort 2 were treated on 1 day (ge
49 property that lowers surface tension, a cell/spore antiaggregant, and an adherence property that incr
50 ra (aOR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05), and total spores (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09) was significantly
53 rmination and interactions among germinating spores as beneficial germination strategies in uncertain
55 li, bacteriophage MS2, and Bacillus subtilis spores as surrogates for pathogens under UV/H2O2 and UV/
57 heric transformations of airborne biological spores at elevated relative humidity remain poorly under
63 ,000 (10 K) or 40,000 (40 K) live N. ceranae spores/bee, Vg titers were significantly elevated by + 8
72 expressed on the vegetative cell surface or spore coat of C. difficile These include two dehydrogena
73 observed low levels of identity between the spore coat protein H (CotH), and the Fam20C-related secr
74 g cotH in B. subtilis led us to identify two spore coat proteins, CotB and CotG, as CotH substrates.
75 bacteria embed alanine racemases into their spore coats, and these enzymes are thought to convert th
77 of these fungi is the production of asexual spores (conidia) within fruiting bodies called conidioma
78 tous human fungal pathogen, produces asexual spores (conidia), which are the main mode of propagation
80 GFP and Ctr5-Cherry first co-localize at the spore contour, followed by re-location to a middle perip
81 r C. perfringens type A food poisoning since spores contribute to transmission and resistance in the
83 sed to assess associations with increases in spore counts while controlling for potential confounding
84 ell death confirmed that infection from high spore densities activates JA-dependent defenses with exc
85 cessive cell death, while infection from low spore densities induces SA-dependent defenses with lower
86 these stochastic properties are affected by spore density and chemicals released from spores, germin
90 respect to both anthrax disease progression, spore detection for biodefense, as well as understanding
91 ion in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Germinating spores develop a single germ tube that emerges from the
92 utants defective in placement of oriC during spore development in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillu
97 ly agents of transmission and dissemination, spores directly contribute to the establishment and prom
98 winds for dispersal--that active control of spore dispersal by the parent fungus is limited to an im
103 f C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice with live Deltacps1 spores either intranasally, intraperitoneally, or subcut
105 subtilis which monitors the assembly of the spore envelope and specifically eliminates, through cell
108 in hamsters immunized with Bacillus subtilis spores expressing a carboxy-terminal segment (TcdA26-39)
111 Cells deleted for fin are defective for spore formation and exhibit increased levels of sigma(F)
118 st highly expressed gene during C. difficile spore formation, a previous study reported that Alr2 has
119 l mutant of SM101 showed decreased levels of spore formation, along with lower levels of CPE producti
123 aits, e.g.: spore size versus viability; and spore-formation (via aggregation) versus staying vegetat
125 To assess the impact of ceragenin CSA-13 on spores formed by Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051), we perfo
126 plications for exosporium formation in other spore forming bacteria, including Clostridium species.
129 ngraftment of spores and no outgrowth of non-spore-forming bacteria found after SER-109 treatment.
132 f exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the probiotic spore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis protects mice
133 he SpoIID family from two community relevant spore-forming pathogens, Bacillus anthracis and Clostrid
135 s are essential not simply for protection of spores from biotic and abiotic stresses but also for spo
136 ly detected in a 1:1 mixture with B. pumilus spores from equal concentrations (10(7)spores/mL) with a
138 Strategies to efficiently remove fungal spores from hospital surfaces and, ideally, patient skin
139 omoted or inhibited by compounds released by spores from the same or different species, and all speci
140 ough a series of transitions, beginning with spore germination and culminating with establishment of
141 und to be a potent inhibitor of C. difficile spore germination and poorly permeable in a Caco-2 model
145 possess a full complement of sporulation and spore germination genes and we demonstrate the ability t
147 Here, we show that copper is essential for spore germination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Germinati
148 the environmental and hormonal regulation of spore germination in the model bryophyte Physcomitrella
156 GerM, a lipoprotein previously implicated in spore germination, as the missing factor required for Sp
162 by spore density and chemicals released from spores, germination interactions were quantified for fou
163 ospora crassa, genetically identical asexual spores (germlings) communicate and fuse in a highly regu
164 ethyl-6-deoxyhexose structure were linked to spore glycans in Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 and ATCC 108
166 erium, which was previously regarded as 'non-sporing', helping to explain its widespread occurrence i
169 and is required for efficient germination of spores in Bacillus subtilis; however, the mechanism by w
171 infection resulting from the germination of spores in the intestine as a consequence of antibiotic-m
172 se genes that acts to kill gametes (known as spores in yeast) that do not inherit the gene from heter
173 th with and without a subsequent exposure to spores, indicating that a portion of the increase in the
174 esis of the critical components required for spore integrity and resistance, such as dipicolinic acid
175 re was no evidence of a relationship between spore intensity and learning, and only limited evidence
177 hage-hyphal interface but not the macrophage-spore interface due to differences in carbohydrate antig
178 e bacterium Bacillus subtilis into a dormant spore is among the most well-characterized developmental
181 ween macrophage cells and Bacillus anthracis spores is of significant importance with respect to both
182 exosporium forms the outermost layer of some spores; it plays roles in protection, adhesion, dissemin
185 on-polar cardenolide compounds decreased the spore load of infected butterflies, they also reduced th
186 evealed that the sum of bacterial and fungal spores mass represented only a minor OMCOARSE fraction (
190 te polymers covering the surface of Bacillus spores may have a profound impact on the way that spores
193 milus spores from equal concentrations (10(7)spores/mL) with a secondary antibody amplification.
194 by direct capture at a concentration of 10(7)spores/mL, and with a secondary antibody amplification a
198 PK) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that couples spore morphogenesis to the completion of chromosome segr
201 isting of: i) soil samples containing fungal spores of B. bassiana and B. brongniartii in known dilut
202 ion for spores of B. globigii, and to detect spores of B. globigii in a mixed sample containing anoth
205 used to determine the limit of detection for spores of B. globigii, and to detect spores of B. globig
206 bSi on growing cells, dormant and germinated spores of B. subtilis, and dormant spores of several oth
207 illars gave no killing or rupture of dormant spores of B. subtilis, Bacillus cereus or Bacillus megat
209 The lab-measured reproductive skew in the spores of chimeras indicates strong social antagonism th
211 erminated spores of B. subtilis, and dormant spores of several other Bacillus species by incubation o
213 ora crassa Genetically identical germinating spores of this fungus undergo cell-cell fusion, thereby
214 Larvae were injected with conidia (asexual spores) of two different wild-type strains of N. fumigat
216 e to UV radiation, while viabilities of free spore, olive oil formulation and GO formulation were 32.
217 as 68.89%, while the same parameter for free spore, olive oil formulation and GO formulation were 40%
222 illions of stochastic trajectories of fungal spores over dynamically changing host and environmental
228 ancestral and selected fungi, especially for spore production and growth, demonstrating rapid evoluti
229 terplay of high fertilization rates, massive spore production and long-distance dispersal, which may
232 wer growth of mycelia with delayed and lower spore production than C. posadasii, and in vitro spherul
233 m the one-dimensional assessment of fitness (spore production) and that the solution lies in tradeoff
235 s have modest defects in the assembly of the spore protective layers that are exacerbated in the pres
237 s may have a profound impact on the way that spores regulate their interactions with biotic and abiot
243 During fungal spore germination, a resting spore returns to a conventional mode of cell division an
246 between multiple life-history traits, e.g.: spore size versus viability; and spore-formation (via ag
248 ormation of the dormant cell type called the spore (sporulation), the direct link between PHB accumul
251 to this is CotE, a protein displayed on the spore surface and carrying 2 functional elements, an N-t
252 or to TcdA26-39 expressed on the B. subtilis spore surface, cross-react with a number of seemingly un
255 ex connecting the mother cell and developing spore that is required to maintain forespore differentia
260 nd times more single-celled asexual conidial spores, three times sooner than the ancestral genotype.
261 sporulation, so that upon the release of the spore to the extracellular milieu it becomes surrounded
264 icile infection (CDI), and the resistance of spores to antimicrobials facilitates the relapse of infe
267 tes with a decreased ability of P. infestans spores to germinate, suggesting a contribution of secret
268 ced synergistic effects, requiring 45% fewer spores to kill half of the mosquitoes in 5 days as singl
269 tro and ex vivo that CotE enables binding of spores to mucus by direct interaction with mucin and con
271 We demonstrate here that the attachment of spores to the intestine is essential in the development
272 on of very high doses (10,000 to 2.5 x 10(7) spores) to NSG and BALB/c mice, spherules were observed
273 rovides the first quantitative assessment of spore transmission frequencies and amounts amongst all w
274 global wheat production, because the fungal spores transmitting the disease can be wind-dispersed ov
275 ota and commonly fail to eradicate bacterial spores, two key factors that allow recurrence of infecti
276 with almost 100% of insects infected with 6 spores unable to transmit malaria within 5 days post-inf
277 ation process is stochastic at three levels: spores vary in their germination times, mycelium network
281 estabilization of the FPC results in reduced spore viability, delayed replication, changes in recombi
282 cking TAG or impaired of TAG hydrolysis show spore wall assembly defects, supporting a role for TAG a
290 ng immunization with recombinant B. subtilis spores were able to reduce the adhesion of C. difficile
295 aeroallergen concentrations (pollen and mold spores) were assigned to case and control periods using
296 e formation of cereose-containing glycans on spores, whereas others such as Bacillus anthracis do not
297 ifficile is an anaerobic pathogen that forms spores which promote survival in the environment and tra
298 cillus and Clostridium form highly resistant spores, which in the case of some pathogens act as the i
299 ty and also elicits premature germination of spores with improperly assembled protective layers resul
300 e cells of C. elegans tissues before forming spores, with two species causing syncytial formation in
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