ライフサイエンスコーパス: sporozoite

1 roquine or mefloquine (chemoprophylaxis with sporozoites).

2 mplex by the actin motility apparatus of the sporozoite.

3 okinete from maternal mRNA, and later in the sporozoite.

4 n of this gene increases dramatically in the sporozoite.

5 nfected mosquito salivary glands rather than sporozoites.

6 fications and decreased excystation rates of sporozoites.

7 ol by intradermal injection of P. falciparum sporozoites.

8 ed the SSP3 ectodomain to antibodies in some sporozoites.

9 roteins in distinct biological activities of sporozoites.

10 he antisense lncRNA increase dramatically in sporozoites.

11 ntibodies in nonpermeabilized salivary gland sporozoites.

12 lays a role in the invasion of this organ by sporozoites.

13 ctional activation on exposure to P. berghei sporozoites.

14 etes into oocysts and formation of infective sporozoites.

15 hancement of in vitro invasion of homologous sporozoites.

16 ted at low levels in mosquito salivary gland sporozoites.

17 perfamily elicited in hepatocyte invasion by sporozoites.

18 ion with PfCSP transgenic Plasmodium berghei sporozoites.

19 s surface and in the supernatant of invading sporozoites.

20 a low or high dose of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites.

21 d immune evasion properties of the infective sporozoites.

22 d throughout the cytoplasm in salivary gland sporozoites.

23 falciparum antigen upregulated in infective sporozoites 3 (PfUIS3) as a vaccine candidate.

24 exported protein 1 (EXP1) and upregulated in sporozoites 4 (UIS4) to the liver stage PVM and leading

25 inoculation of viable Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites administered with chemoprevention targeting

26 This chromatin state in the sporozoite also correlates with the expression of an ant

27 ssays showed that SLTRiP is expressed in the sporozoite and early to late liver stages of malaria par

28 s humoral and cellular responses to multiple sporozoite and liver-stage antigens may be able to confe

29 cination or passive immunization can inhibit sporozoite and ookinete infection and impair vector tran

30 ichomonas vaginalis, Plasmodium berghei, and sporozoites and blood-stage forms of Plasmodium falcipar

31 by coinjection of large doses of unpurified sporozoites and by uninfected salivary glands alone.

32 ant levels of protection upon challenge with sporozoites and exhibited 10,000-fold fewer parasite 18S

33 Interactions between the sporozoites and hepatocytes lead to a distinct, complex

34 mice singly immunized with Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites and high-throughput screening, we identified

35 r surface component of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites and is essential for host cell invasion.

36 f the apical region and to dense granules of sporozoites and merozoites.

37 o, but it has a strong deleterious effect on sporozoites and reduces malaria transmission.

38 e susceptibility to P. yoelii infection with sporozoites and that bioluminescent imaging can be used

39 We have demonstrated a role for SLTRiP in sporozoites and the liver stage of malaria parasites.

40 In extracellular ookinetes, sporozoites, and merozoites, MyoA was located at the par

41 berghei parasites that express P. falciparum sporozoite antigens, we have been able to use this assay

42 ng a substrate-dependent gliding locomotion, sporozoites are able to move at fast speed (1-3 mum/s).

43 Sporozoites are formed within oocysts at the mosquito mi

44 Plasmodium sporozoites are inoculated into the skin of the mammalia

45 Sporozoites are known to traverse host cells before fina

46 tes (often the progeny of a single surviving sporozoite) are responsible for breakthrough blood-stage

47 he name refers to a gliding phenotype in the sporozoite arising from epitope tagging of the endogenou

48 Lastly, CpClec-Fc binding and C. parvum sporozoite attachment were significantly decreased in CH

49 ntal immunization with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites attenuated by radiation or under anti-malari

50 Purification of sporozoites away from mosquito salivary gland debris by

51 onvenient strategy to augment efficacy of ID sporozoite-based vaccines warrants further investigation

52 These two antibodies showed poor sporozoite binding and weak inhibition of parasite trave

53 the nuclei of tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites but not oocysts.

54 nfection starts with injection of Plasmodium sporozoites by an Anopheles mosquito into the skin of th

55 Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei sporozoites by anti-Plasmodium vivax CSP serum samples.

56 We show that sporozoites can cross the liver sinusoidal barrier by mu

57 Immunization with Plasmodium sporozoites can elicit high levels of sterile immunity,

58 Hyperimmunization with attenuated whole sporozoites can induce sterile protective immune respons

59 urface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites, can protect from malaria in animal models b

60 otection afforded by injection of irradiated sporozoites, CD8(+) T cells have been shown to play a si

61 aversal protein for Plasmodium ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS) can inhibit parasite infection.

62 and cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS).

63 unized subjects and five controls received a sporozoite challenge by mosquito bites, whereas nine imm

64 terile infection-blocking protection against sporozoite challenge in a stringent rodent malaria model

65 100% sterile protection against a stringent sporozoite challenge in rodent models to malaria, where

66 xhibit reduced protection against P. berghei sporozoite challenge in the context of C57BL/6 and C57BL

67 asites can induce sterile protection against sporozoite challenge in the rodent Plasmodium yoelii mod

68 more difficult to protect against Plasmodium sporozoite challenge than similarly immunized BALB/c mic

69 th a luciferase-expressing Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite challenge to assess Ab-mediated inhibition of

70 Sporozoite challenge trials are thus a powerful tool for

71 Volunteers underwent mosquito sporozoite challenge with P. falciparum 3D7 strain.

72 unity and reduce liver parasite burden after sporozoite challenge.

73 .- and mosquito bite-delivered P. falciparum sporozoite challenge.

74 m-transferable protection against Plasmodium sporozoite challenge.

75 zed subjects (5 of 5) were protected against sporozoite challenge.

76 -lasting protective immunity to experimental sporozoite challenge.

77 , long-lasting protection against homologous sporozoite challenge.

78 licits sterile protection against transgenic sporozoite challenge.

79 se in the liver following Plasmodium berghei sporozoite challenge.

80 ow that the primary role of CT is to inhibit sporozoite clearance by KC during locomotion inside the

81 region, exposed on the outer surface of the sporozoites, combined with the flexible full-length conf

82 ctors) were found by PCR to carry Plasmodium sporozoites - compared to four of eight morphological sp

83 with radiation-attenuated, whole Plasmodium sporozoites confers complete protection against malaria

84 Plasmodium vivax sporozoites consist of tachysporozoites causing primary

85 , partially randomized Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) stu

86 chemoprophylaxis with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (CPS) develop complete, long-lasting protect

87 chloroquine treatment (chemoprophylaxis and sporozoites (CPS)).

88 chemoprophylaxis with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (CPS-immunization) induces sterile protectio

89 prophylaxis (hereafter, chemoprophylaxis and sporozoites [CPS] immunization) induces sterile protecti

90 Invasion of hepatocytes by Plasmodium sporozoites deposited by Anopheles mosquitoes, and their

91 In sporozoites derived from the mosquito salivary glands, h

92 malarial parasites will prove to be directly sporozoite-derived rather than merozoite-derived.

93 Plasmodium sporozoites develop within oocysts in the mosquito midgu

94 vel effect of wAlbB that resulted in reduced sporozoite development across temperatures, counterbalan

95 e that the cell-adhesive domain functions in sporozoite development and hepatocyte invasion.

96 factors influencing parasite infectivity and sporozoite development.

97 ics we developed a mouse model that delivers sporozoites directly into the intestine, a Cryptosporidi

98 We also show that G2 null mutant sporozoites display an abnormal arrangement of their sub

99 t animal models of hyperimmunization rely on sporozoites dissected from mosquito salivary glands and

100 n is constitutively exposed, the majority of sporozoites do not reach their target organs, and in the

101 s acquired only after immunization with high sporozoite doses.

102 ecede intra-oocyst motility and subsequently sporozoite egress and salivary gland invasion.

103 Mice infected with P. yoelii Deltamif sporozoites either did not develop blood-stage parasitem

104 ver infection when mice were challenged with sporozoites either intravenously or by infectious mosqui

105 e bite from an infected mosquito, Plasmodium sporozoites enter the blood circulation and infect the l

106 these walls lose their integrity to let the sporozoites excyst and invade host cells following a pro

107 le contribution of macrophages in supporting sporozoite excystation following oocyst internalisation.

108 Our data suggest that sporozoites exhibit two types of motility: in regions fa

109 SSP3 is expressed in mosquito midgut oocyst sporozoites, exhibiting an intracellular localization.

110 Here we show that sporozoite-expressed TgAMA4 clusters in a distinct phylo

111 Sporozoites expressing a mutated form of Plasmodium berg

112 Furthermore, infection of mice with sporozoites expressing a truncated version of EXP-1 resu

113 5 strongly inhibits the in vivo infection of sporozoites expressing the N-terminus of P. falciparum C

114 Genetic analysis of sporozoite factors reveals the 6-cysteine domain protein

115 Anti-alpha-gal Abs target Plasmodium sporozoites for complement-mediated cytotoxicity in the

116 e severely deficient in ookinete, oocyst and sporozoite formation inside the mosquito vector.

117 on from the ookinete to the oocyst stage and sporozoite formation were completely abolished in pat(-)

118 st and sporocyst walls protect the infective sporozoites from deleterious external attacks including

119 quine prophylaxis, through immunization with sporozoites from infected mosquitoes' bites (CPS protoco

120 We imaged the release of sporozoites from oocysts in situ, which was preceded by

121 Within hepatocytes, each Plasmodium sporozoite generates thousands of new parasites, creatin

122 Sporozoite gliding motility and invasion of mosquito and

123 deletion of SSP3 adversely affected in vitro sporozoite gliding motility, which, surprisingly, impact

124 ythrocytic vaccine candidates and irradiated sporozoites, has shown that CD8(+) T cells play a signif

125 LSQ) adjuvant system significantly inhibited sporozoite hepatocyte infection.

126 Thus, although repeat sporozoite immunization expands responses to preformed a

127 ociation with sterile protection after whole sporozoite immunization is not well established.

128 e-erythrocytic parasites following high dose sporozoite immunization.

129 3-specific CTLs was not expanded by multiple sporozoite immunizations.

130 These findings suggest that sporozoite immunogenicity studies be performed using pur

131 ast, overexpression of C-CAP and profilin in sporozoites impairs circular gliding motility and saliva

132 ng of the cell-adhesive domain maintains the sporozoite in a migratory state.

133 tocytes and generated substantial numbers of sporozoites in Anopheles mosquitoes and diverged from NF

134 NDAE1 resulted in reduction of the number of sporozoites in mosquito SGs.

135 erile protection from challenge by P. yoelii sporozoites in the absence of T cells in 50% of mice whe

136 ected Anopheles mosquito deposits Plasmodium sporozoites in the skin during a bite.

137 tective efficacy against heterologous strain sporozoites in three vaccinees (3/14, 21%), and delays t

138 shed and optimized transfection of C. parvum sporozoites in tissue culture.

139 t isolates from Cambodia develop and produce sporozoites in two Southeast Asian vectors, Anopheles di

140 ites, and plasma from one monkey neutralized sporozoites in vitro and conferred partial protection ag

141 n expression is only reported in oocysts and sporozoites indicating that repressed transcripts can be

142 ed that immunization with attenuated malaria sporozoites induces CD8(+) T cells that eliminate parasi

143 Experimental immunization with sporozoites induces this type of protective response, bu

144 e-specific protein 20, efficiently recognize sporozoite-infected hepatocytes in vitro.

145 1c(+), but not CD11c(-), CD8(+) T cells with sporozoite-infected primary hepatocytes significantly in

146 red partial protection against P. falciparum sporozoite infection after passive transfer to mice.

147 biologically-motivated mathematical model of sporozoite infection fitted to data from malaria-naive a

148 itative analysis of Wolbachia and Plasmodium sporozoite infection in field-collected mosquitoes indic

149 lence and intensity of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection is significantly lower in Wolbachia

150 assess the ability of antibodies to inhibit sporozoite infection of hepatocytes.

151 ntly reduced the prevalence and intensity of sporozoite infection, as observed in the field.

152 FRG KO huHep mice support P. vivax sporozoite infection, liver stage development, and hypno

153 data suggest that a yet-unknown receptor for sporozoite infection, present at elevated levels on BALB

154 dium circumsporozoite protein (CSP) abrogate sporozoite infection.

155 t analysis, however, suggests skin-infecting sporozoites initiate rapid suppression of immunity, esta

156 ural route of malaria infection initiated by sporozoites injected by mosquito bite which elicits both

157 hrough vaccination requires preventing every sporozoite inoculated by mosquito bite: a major challeng

158 s in the N- and C-terminal domains until the sporozoite interacts with the liver hepatocyte.

159 hen an infected mosquito delivers Plasmodium sporozoites into the skin.

160 bloodstream and goes to the liver, where the sporozoites invade hepatocytes and develop into the next

161 is study we have revisited the Inhibition of Sporozoite Invasion (ISI) assay to assess the ability of

162 y to measure antibody mediated inhibition of sporozoite invasion against one of the lead malaria anti

163 ing antibodies capable of inhibiting >90% of sporozoite invasion in vitro and in vivo, as measured us

164 We report that sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes requires signalling t

165 rials, for their functional ability to block sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes.

166 t P39 binds to CD68, a putative receptor for sporozoite invasion of Kupffer cells that acts as a gate

167 (day 7 after the blood meal) but not during sporozoite invasion of the salivary glands.

168 e is known about host liver cell response to sporozoite invasion, or whether it is primarily adaptive

169 requirement for PKG and CDPK4 in Plasmodium sporozoite invasion, our work enables a better understan

170 ative proteomics, and in vitro inhibition of sporozoite invasion, we show that native CSP is N-termin

171 nown of the signalling pathways required for sporozoite invasion.

172 ht into the adaptation strategies underlying sporozoite invasion.

173 Vaccination with irradiated sporozoites is able to provide complete sterile protecti

174 epatocyte by mosquito-transmitted Plasmodium sporozoites is an essential early step in successful mal

175 Our study also shows that fast locomotion of sporozoites is crucial during natural malaria transmissi

176 Invasion of hepatocytes by sporozoites is essential for Plasmodium to initiate infe

177 unique gene expression patterns observed in sporozoites isolated from salivary glands of infected Co

178 ed antigens like CSP that are present in the sporozoite itself, this immunization strategy may not ex

179 CSP is abundant in the sporozoite itself, whereas L3 expression does not increa

180 By being involved in multiple steps of the sporozoite journey from the skin to the final hepatocyte

181 ffer cell surface and, importantly, inhibits sporozoite Kupffer cell entry.

182 However, the molecular determinants of sporozoite-Kupffer cell interactions are unknown.

183 port the first quantitative imaging study of sporozoite liver infection in rodents.

184 an anti-P39 antibody significantly inhibits sporozoite liver invasion without cross-reacting with ma

185 Here, we show that sporozoite, liver stage tryptophan-rich protein (SLTRiP)

186 How sporozoites locate and enter a blood vessel is a critica

187 Plasmodium sporozoites make a remarkable journey from the mosquito

188 Plasmodium sporozoites mature in oocysts formed in the mosquito gut

189 and 2) proteins expressed on the surface of sporozoites may be good target Ags for protective CD8(+)

190 the intraerythrocytic gametocyte, and during sporozoite migration.

191 In this study, we examine sporozoite motility and their interaction with dermal bl

192 onstrate that PKG and CDPK4 are required for sporozoite motility, and that PKG regulates the secretio

193 Between these two events, the sporozoite must travel from the mosquito midgut to the m

194 protein of Plasmodium berghei ookinetes and sporozoites named G2 (glycine at position 2), which is s

195 via the i.n. but not the s.c. route elicited sporozoite neutralizing antibodies capable of inhibiting

196 These findings demonstrate that functional sporozoite neutralizing antibody can be elicited by i.n.

197 -9 agonists elicited high levels of systemic sporozoite neutralizing antibody, Th1- type CD4+ T cells

198 The recombinant induced P. falciparum sporozoite-neutralizing antibodies in mice.

199 Chloroquine affects neither sporozoites nor liver-stages, but kills only asexual for

200 length conformations of CSP, may provide the sporozoites not only with immune evasion properties, but

201 Research is needed to reveal what happens to sporozoites of Plasmodium cynomolgi between the time of

202 By using GFP expressing sporozoites of the rodent parasite P. berghei we are abl

203 invasive stages (merozoites, ookinetes, and sporozoites) of the life cycle, and the protein is found

204 normally after immunization with Plasmodium sporozoites or vaccinia virus, but a few weeks later the

205 Immunization with attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites or viral vectored vaccines can induce protec

206 s to radiation-attenuated Plasmodium berghei sporozoites (Pb gamma-spz) induce long-lasting protectiv

207 nors who underwent immunization with live Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) under chloroquine prophyla

208 septic, purified, cryopreserved P falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge; Sanaria Inc, Rockville, MD

209 Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ) administered by mosquito bites are t

210 h cryopreserved, isogenic NF54 P. falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ) generated from 1 premosquito culture

211 iation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (PfSPZ) inoculated by mosquitoes; by intrave

212 IK2 inhibits development of malaria sporozoites present in the mosquito salivary glands.

213 he innate host preference of vectors: higher sporozoite prevalences were generated in the usually hum

214 While sporozoite-primed CD8(+) T cells alternatively can be ex

215 orozoite-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in sporozoite-primed mice.

216 Oocyst formation and sporozoite production, necessary for transmission to mam

217 Sporozoites productively infected hepatocytes with high

218 LB/c mice, repeated small doses of P. yoelii sporozoites progressively expand the population of sporo

219 es that have, however, not yet matched whole sporozoite protective efficacy.

220 Although previous work established that the sporozoite protein with an altered thrombospondin repeat

221 cosylation has been recently reported in key sporozoite proteins of the malaria parasite.

222 ck of host EphA2 phenocopied the lack of the sporozoite proteins P52 and P36.

223 s) using cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites provide a unique opportunity to study differ

224 s, and establish a functional link between a sporozoite putative ligand and host cell receptors.

225 Immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) via mosquito bites has been shown to i

226 The sporozoite rate of the zoophilic An. ziemanni, known to

227 ng into erythrocyte-infecting forms, but how sporozoites reach hepatocytes in the liver and the role

228 sponse induced by a single immunization with sporozoites reduces the parasite load in the liver so gr

229 Sporozoites represent attractive targets for antimalaria

230 ber of selectively tested UIS transcripts in sporozoites, resulting in a complete early liver stage a

231 ive proteins highlight the importance of the sporozoite's gliding speed and its ability to modulate a

232 are unexpectedly close, providing clues for sporozoite sheath organization.

233 Plasmodium sporozoites, single cell eukaryotic pathogens, use their

234 However, methods to assess the effects of sporozoite-specific Abs on pre-erythrocytic infection in

235 laser-treated site stimulated much stronger sporozoite-specific antibody and CD8(+)IFN-gamma(+) T ce

236 orozoites unexpectedly led to contraction of sporozoite-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in sporozoit

237 oites progressively expand the population of sporozoite-specific CD8(+) T cells.

238 ellular glideosome-associated protein 50 and sporozoite-specific protein 20, efficiently recognize sp

239 ghei glideosome-associated protein 5041-48-, sporozoite-specific protein 20318-325-, thrombospondin-r

240 ound that a thrombospondin-repeat containing sporozoite-specific protein named thrombospondin-releate

241 An attenuated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite (SPZ) vaccine, PfSPZ Vaccine, is highly prote

242 by inoculation of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) by mosquito bites.

243 ke at the oocyst stage that decreased at the sporozoite stage of infection compared to uninfected An.

244 es to two proteins expressed by the invasive sporozoite stage of Plasmodium parasites: SPECT1, which

245 Malaria infection starts when the sporozoite stage of the Plasmodium parasite is injected

246 iae, with depletion of lipid reserves at the sporozoite stage.

247 aria transmission from the gametocyte to the sporozoite stage: assays that augment well-established f

248 and 24% after infection with the oocyst and sporozoite stages of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively

249 ein complex across asexual blood, sexual and sporozoite stages, along with a transcriptomic compariso

250 at the apical and basal ends of ookinete and sporozoite stages.

251 ll three invasive (merozoite, ookinete-, and sporozoite) stages of development, as well as in the mal

252 The sporozoite subsequently enters the circulation and infec

253 trate that HSP20 ablation profoundly affects sporozoite-substrate adhesion, which translates into abe

254 ip" parasite motility and for development of sporozoite subunit vaccines.

255 yde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) on the sporozoite surface and that GAPDH directly interacts wit

256 however, SSP3 localized predominantly to the sporozoite surface as determined by immunoelectron micro

257 Proteins on the sporozoite surface likely mediate multiple steps of this

258 Here, we characterize a novel, conserved sporozoite surface protein (SSP3) in the rodent malaria

259 ltiple steps of this journey, yet only a few sporozoite surface proteins have been described.

260 y unappreciated complexity of the Plasmodium sporozoite surface proteome and the roles of surface pro

261 Further, CD8(+) T cells specific to sporozoite surface-expressed CSP and TRAP proteins, but

262 antigen EtSAG1) mCherry was expressed on the sporozoite surface.

263 Yet precisely how sporozoites target their host cell and facilitate produc

264 st the experimental challenge with P. yoelii sporozoites than passive immunization with purified IgG

265 ge with transgenic Plasmodium berghei rodent sporozoites that incorporate the P. falciparum target of

266 in mosquitoes and produces highly infectious sporozoites that produce patent infection in mice that a

267 icted to the apical complex in ookinetes and sporozoites, the extracellular invasive stages that deve

268 protein (CSP), the major surface protein of sporozoites, the form of the parasite injected by mosqui

269 n be elicited in humans by immunization with sporozoites, the infective stage injected by bite of the

270 Plasmodium sporozoites, the mosquito-transmitted forms of the malar

271 challenged with P. falciparum had few or no sporozoites, the parasite stage infective to humans, in

272 he mosquito midgut and never made oocysts or sporozoites, thereby abrogating transmission to naive mi

273 ges on the previously observed preference of sporozoites to infect polyploid hepatocytes.

274 liver blood vessel lining, are traversed by sporozoites to initiate liver invasion.

275 er cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites to understand the host early cellular events

276 t, fertilization, and ookinete-to-oocyst and sporozoite-to-liver stage transitions.

277 We find that curvature of sporozoite tracks engaging with vasculature optimizes co

278 impairs migration in the host, an important sporozoite trait required to find a blood vessel and rea

279 tigens or display them on the surface of the sporozoite, transiently transfected populations of E. te

280 g and ability to interrogate both sexual and sporozoite transmission stages and the molecular prepara

281 an important role in protein trafficking and sporozoite transmission that could be exploited as new t

282 smission by Anopheles mosquitoes, Plasmodium sporozoites travel to the liver, infect hepatocytes, and

283 8 on the surface of Kupffer cells and blocks sporozoite traversal.

284 s study, large secondary doses of unpurified sporozoites unexpectedly led to contraction of sporozoit

285 uation and immunization approaches for whole sporozoite vaccination and a deeper understanding of cel

286 e effect of salivary gland exposure on later sporozoite vaccinations, mice were immunized with uninfe

287 uated malaria vaccine, Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine (PfSPZ Vaccine), confers sterile prot

288 These studies identify an anti-sporozoite vaccine component that may improve upon the c

289 cally active, non-replicating, whole malaria sporozoite vaccine that has been reported to be safe and

290 Whole-sporozoite vaccines confer sterilizing immunity to malar

291 vectors developing transmissible infections (sporozoites) was influenced by the source of host blood

292 rred Ag-specific effector CD8(+) T cells and sporozoites, we demonstrate that achieving protection to

293 n the absence of T cells in 50% of mice when sporozoites were administered by mosquito bite but not w

294 No sporozoites were detected in m1C3/m2A10 mosquitoes in ch

295 Sporozoites were observed in macrophages containing oocy

296 genicity studies be performed using purified sporozoites whenever feasible.

297 d maturation resulting in formation of fewer sporozoites which were incapable of infecting naive mice

298 ored fertility and production of oocysts and sporozoites, which demonstrates that mitochondrial ATP s

299 data on safety and protective efficacy using sporozoites with deletions of two genes, that is the new

300 Imaging of sporozoites with mutations in key adhesive proteins high