ライフサイエンスコーパス: summer

1 ring winter/spring) than in the eMed (during summer).

2 s apart from lower prevalence of mice during summer.

3 s and accelerated the sea ice melting in the summer.

4 e community composition during the following summer.

5 temperatures reaching up to 42 degrees C in summer.

6 higher risks were observed in winter than in summer.

7 from the European atmospheric variability in summer.

8 seeds cultivated in winter against those in summer.

9 s long before the Arctic becomes ice-free in summer.

10 t) century shows significant increase during summer.

11 g autumn and winter and is absent during the summer.

12 lead to increased C. finmarchicus biomass in summer.

13 the active North Sea bacterioplankton in the summer.

14 winter and greater host plant desiccation in summer.

15 erally, SHP develops and is diagnosed in the summer.

16 eveloped more petals than those flowering in summer.

17 ugh the differences tended to be less in the summer.

18 with total arsenic or DMA during the spring/summer.

19 heast during the winter and south during the summer.

20 ce of cyanobacterial blooms in the following summer.

21 d the drawdown of [Formula: see text] during summer.

22 nated by limiting silicate concentrations in summer.

23 in the modern environment in both winter and summer.

24 he shoulder seasons and decreases during the summer.

25 and occupied deep pelagic waters during the summer.

26 male weasels then regrow during their second summer.

27 highest during low snowfall winters and cool summers.

28 plant productivity in the increasingly warm summers.

29 ion increased from winter (0.07 ng L(-1)) to summer (0.105 ng L(-1)).

30 arlier after spending a weekend camping in a summer 14 hr 39 min:9 hr 21 min natural light-dark cycle

31 previously shown that exposure to a natural summer 14 hr 40 min:9 hr 20 min light-dark cycle entrain

32 rrelating negatively with temperature in the summer 2 yr before masting, and positively with summer t

33 od sampler at three sites and for 5 weeks in summer 2009 and 5 weeks in winter 2010 in Cleveland, OH.

34 metropolitan Atlanta, US, in winter 2014 and summer 2015.

35 .77) for winter 2014 and 0.90 (r = 0.97) for summer 2015.

36 4) for winter, 2014, and 0.70 (r = 0.80) for summer, 2015.

37 eaths comparable to that observed during the summer 2017 mass mortality event may cause a decline to

38 y advances and representative examples until summer 2017.

39 , 402 kJ kg(-0.75) d(-1)) and the highest in summer (25.87 +/- 3.88 MJ d(-1), 586 kJ kg(-0.75) d(-1))

40 ta to pika-specific surface activity time in summer across the western United States.

41 ean 20-25 beats/minute [bpm]; min 10 bpm) to summer active levels (July daytime: mean 95 bpm).

42 ating at a metabolic rate of only 25% of the summer activity rate.

43 d North American cities, particularly during summer afternoons when NO levels are low and temperature

44 f the biological night in winter compared to summer, akin to that seen in non-humans [4-8].

45 In summer all four species presented higher productivity, b

46 Rice was traditionally grown only during the summer (aman) monsoon in Bangladesh but more than half i

47 more and Chicago are most intense during the summer and at night, with urban-rural aerosol pH differe

48 ty formed cool (spring and winter) and warm (summer and autumn) subgroups, indicating that spatial va

49 howed that the HFMD epidemic peaked in early summer and autumn.

50 among children with asthma, during the late summer and early fall.

51 or bears that remained on the sea ice during summer and fall, while mean concentrations of the POP ch

52 waters off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina in summer and fall.

53 represented the main OMCOARSE source during summer and its contribution to PM10 was comparable to th

54 hat in the last 60 years both high-frequency summer and spring NAO, and low-frequency winter NAO comp

55 genic (NT - MSOY8200) soybean seeds, sown at summer and winter cultivation periods are investigated u

56 Sampling over three weeks was conducted in summer and winter for each city and covered each system

57 in the resting periods of people between the summer and winter in southern cities is almost twice tha

58 four supermarkets over a six-month period in summer and winter in two regions of the UK.

59 UK diets and earlier studies showed organic summer and winter milk to be significantly lower in iodi

60 es for each year from 2004 to 2009, and mean summer and winter temperatures for each tract in each ye

61 n despite differing bleaching thresholds for summer and winter.

62 stablishment and GDD, suggesting that longer summers and/or greater heat accumulation might enhance e

63 m brandy according to harvest time as early (summer) and late (autumn) plum varieties; the total corr

64 Diplotaxis tenuifolia were grown in the UK (summer) and subjected to commercial growth, harvesting a

65 over high-elevation sites, seasonally during summer, and in convective precipitation.

66 Patient 1 was diagnosed with SHP in the summer, and she reacted positively to the provocation te

67 reasing precipitation, especially during the summer, and the conversion of forest to cropland, grassl

68 Amphicarpaea edgeworthii is a summer annual amphicarpic species that grows over a rang

69 Using five species of Chihuahuan desert summer annual plants, I show that demographic tradeoffs

70 1 degrees ) surface observations of extended summer (April-September) surface ozone (O3), fine partic

71 c increase, the impact of this source on the summer Arctic atmosphere is likely to increase.

72 de, organic and polar fraction yields in the summer are correlated with the coumarin UV-vis absorbanc

73 ial factors but snake assemblages facing dry summers are more affected by spatial processes operating

74 Warm summers as well as high seasonal variability in precipit

75 ntly increased compared to a HL diagnosis in summer at higher latitudes (HR = 1.082 [95%-CI: 1.009-1.

76 est growth of A. muricata was in the 2013-14 summer at Lizard Island, which was unusually cool and 0

77 in 34 families from 111 sites that varied in summer average temperature by 1.7-3.4 degrees C within e

78 l and 0.5 degrees C less than the long-term summer average temperature.

79 temperatures, those equivalent to long-term summer averages in their natural habitats ( 29 degrees C

80 loading from the watershed, or by sustained summer base flows.

81 ratosphere over the central United States in summer based upon the same reaction network that reduces

82 Because MTMVFs have both elevated summer baseflows and continuously high concentrations of

83 pth as the pulses associated with spring and summer blooms.

84 In normal and wet summers, both species responded to precipitation reducti

85 7%-285% across time, while two larger spring-summer breeders with higher thermal preferences declined

86 nvest substantial resources in boot camp and summer bridge activities in the hopes of better supporti

87 Many PhD programs incorporate boot camps and summer bridge programs to accelerate the development of

88 g total fuel and fine fuel structure) on the summer Burned Area (BA) across all eco-regions in Medite

89 competition for resources in both winter and summer but was less pronounced in recent years, despite

90 inifera species will not be inhibited during summer, but instead the temperature window for their cal

91 a westward shift of anticyclonic airflow in summer, but uncertainty is larger for spring with only h

92 study in a eutrophic subtropical bay during summer by investigating the effect of rising CO2 on a mo

93 olonies of A. muricata during the winter and summer, by partially enclosing each colony in a clear pl

94 ish and crustaceans and 2.5-fold increase of summer chlorophyll-a in the Bay.

95 Summer CO2 flux across treatments fit a single quadratic

96 ), gross primary productivity (GPP), and net summer CO2 storage (NEE).

97 In regions with rainy summers, coexistence of tropical ectothermic species may

98 bial assembly are stronger under winter than summer conditions and inhibit the recruitment of the cya

99 BP implies regionally warm summer conditions extending beyond the mid-Holocene; thi

100 scillations and the predicted lengthening of summer conditions will have a significant positive impac

101 ato cultivars able to grow under future warm summer conditions.

102 we attribute this expansion to multi-decadal summer cooling likely driven by volcanic and/or solar fo

103 ory University held the first Emory Exposome Summer Course from 13-17 June 2016.

104 s C in the field experiment during a typical summer day, indicating a great potential application for

105 perature difference between the two previous summers (DeltaT model) was also a good predictor.

106 rrestrial-aquatic linkages occur during mild summer drought and whether this affects biota across 43

107 show that the detrimental effects of severe summer drought on ecosystem carbon storage can be mitiga

108 as least resistant and resilient to the 2003 summer drought.

109 gnificant relationship between fire and same-summer droughts in most regions, while antecedent climat

110 required, if the frequency and intensity of summer droughts will continue to increase.

111 n of summertime atmospheric circulation--the summer East Atlantic (SEA) pattern--is predictable from

112 by the implementation of policies to reduce summer electricity consumption in the affected areas, fo

113 r radiation, manifest as variations in total summer energy.

114 In the Arctic, warmer summers enhance plant growth which should lead to heavie

115 The average MRP concentration in summer exceeds that winter by factor 3.

116 ons, namely para-, endo-, and ecodormancy in summer, fall, and winter, respectively.

117 Summer fires frequently rage across Mediterranean Europe

118 An early summer flooding event in a grassland biodiversity experi

119 how volcanically-induced suppression of Nile summer flooding led to societal unrest in Ptolemaic Egyp

120 Here we show a suppression of Nile summer flooding via the radiative and dynamical impacts

121 , peak algal biomass was generally higher in summers following bankfull, bed-scouring winter floods.

122 ime series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton bioma

123 ter snow cover and ample water supply during summer from melting snow and ice as well as thawing perm

124 by an increase in the occurrence of hot-dry summers from once-in-a-decade to every 2-3 years.

125 Strong seed dormancy suppressed mid-summer germination in both early- and late-flowering gen

126 eeply thawed soils exceeded the increases in summer GPP, and thawed tundra was a net annual CO2 sourc

127 azers, releasing algae from spring and early summer grazing.

128 stems, due to a historical research focus on summer 'growing seasons'.

129 ical evidence of molting suggests that after summer had passed, molt began in the adults that had jus

130 f extreme weather in the Northern Hemisphere summer have been shown to be associated with the presenc

131 reas those assemblages in regions with rainy summers have a stronger signature of coarse-scale proces

132 sonal dynamical model forecasts for European summers have very little skill, particularly for rainfal

133 iod cues, patterns of genetic variation, and summer heat waves could limit the capacity of coast Doug

134 erature and water viscosity, winter calm and summer (iceberg and storm) disturbance and resources.

135 rite concentrations can exceed 10 muM during summer in estuarine waters adjacent to Sapelo Island, Ge

136 ability to exploit carbon substrates during summer in the coastal Southern Ocean.

137 re particularly pronounced in the spring and summer in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank.

138 n bottom waters (hypoxia) forms nearly every summer in the northern Gulf of Mexico because of nutrien

139 ns with distinct climatological regimes: dry summers in the northern-AF and rainy summers in the sout

140 es: dry summers in the northern-AF and rainy summers in the southern-AF.

141 t species in monsoonal wet deposition in the summer Indian subcontinent, Bangladesh, with inorganic a

142 lankton blooms beneath ponded sea ice during summer, indicating that satellite-based Arctic annual pr

143 s suggest lower TC activity despite stronger summer insolation and warmer sea surface temperature in

144 0 yr precession cycle in northern hemisphere summer insolation by an average of 3240 years (-900 to 6

145 glacials occurred when the energy related to summer insolation exceeded a simple threshold, about eve

146 6,000 yBP) characterized by increased boreal summer insolation, a vegetated Sahara, and reduced dust

147 higher, but population growth from spring to summer is lower, after a warm compared with a cold sprin

148 During a dry summer, juniper responded to warming with a shift to sha

149 Summer lake surface water temperatures (LSWTs) have prev

150 years, those with shorter springs and longer summers, lake trout had reduced access to littoral habit

151 Consequently, the summer land-ocean temperature gradient was smaller, and

152 the degree of amplification in inter-annual summer LSWT is variable, and is greater for cold lakes (

153 the observation of an amplified response of summer LSWT to SAT variability using 20 years of satelli

154 CO2 fixation in the above-ground biomass of summer maize (Zea mays L.) under different tillage and r

155 osphere while enhancing crop productivity of summer maize in the North China Plain.

156 mperatures reached or exceeded the long-term summer maxima, coral growth during summer periods was eq

157 riability in the timing and magnitude of the summer maxima.

158 of PV systems over Sydney, Australia reduces summer maximum temperatures by up to 1 degrees C because

159 hat predicts microcystin concentrations from summer mean total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentr

160 neity = 0.12] and significantly stronger for summer measures (P heterogeneity = 0.01).

161 When floods ravage Asian monsoon regions in summer, megadroughts often attack extratropical North Am

162 Here I show that these glaciers provide summer meltwater to rivers and aquifers that is sufficie

163 During drought summers, meltwater dominates water inputs to the upper I

164 mperatures during long photoperiods in early summer might also induce cessation.

165 Asian summer monsoon (ASM) precipitation is the primary water

166 dependent intensifications of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) around the O-M boundary and the la

167 The Holocene variability in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) based on speleothem delta(18)O rec

168 n variability associated with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) has profound societal implications

169 The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) shows quasi-rhythmic intraseasonal

170 Summer Monsoon Rainfall over the Indian subcontinent dis

171 etween the North Atlantic and the East Asian Summer Monsoon regions, probably via the westerlies.

172 an temperature gradient was smaller, and the summer monsoon was weaker.

173 es strongly with the weakening of East Asian summer monsoon which is the primary source of moisture a

174 ed in the dry period before the onset of the summer monsoon, suggesting that local land-atmosphere fe

175 os indicate a marked upward trend during the summer months and an increase in the relative risk of th

176 ed in western Lake Erie (U.S./Canada) during summer months since 1995.

177 source was also 0.8-6.7 degrees C warmer in summer months than Detroit water and exceeded the minimu

178 at higher Reco in deeply thawed areas during summer months was balanced by GPP.

179 During summer months, fires and vegetation-derived secondary or

180 ossible at several U.S. locations during the summer months, particularly in southern Florida and Texa

181 e sandstone rock would experience during the summer months.

182 nd was moderately expressed during the rainy summer months.

183 d annually as 18%, with a peak of 51% during summer months.

184 ity generation per degrees C increase during summer months.

185 e Great Plains and western states during the summer months.

186 consumed the majority of hydrocarbons during summer months.

187 l resources are relatively scarce in the dry summer months.

188 d pasture milk (n=20) from winter (n=22) and summer (n=22).

189 peratures by an average of 1.1 degrees C and summer nighttime air temperature by 1.5 degrees C.

190 ossible that record low precipitation in the summer of 2007 led to the higher major ion and Hg concen

191 approach using aircraft measurements in the summer of 2013.

192 visitors (n = 293) were surveyed during the summer of 2015 and asked to choose among images of wildf

193 Data collected in the summer of 2015 revealed that 0.02-7.7% of the dissolved

194 rature records over the Greenland during the summer of 2015.

195 India faced a major heat wave during the summer of 2015.

196 We repeatedly surveyed lizards in spring and summer of each year at up to 32 sites, and used hierarch

197 In 1816, the coldest summer of the past two centuries was observed over north

198 ildfires at a coastal California site in the summers of 2013 and 2016.

199 wo contrasting phenotypes, termed winter and summer, of four Caribbean reef corals to similar light a

200 em to reach a robust size before the austral summer or cyclone season.

201 odels in capturing strong rainfall events in summer over the central U.S.

202 Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with

203 tions of the seasonal thermocline during two summer periods in the Medes Islands marine reserve (NW M

204 long-term summer maxima, coral growth during summer periods was equal to, if not lower than, winter p

205 of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zoopl

206 Recent warming and summer precipitation has the potential to alter water av

207 -16) following over 100 years of warming and summer precipitation in this polar desert environment pr

208 ore tolerant to cold winter temperatures and summer precipitations.

209 iological pump when compared with the denser summer productivity blooms.

210 This 10-week summer program begins with one week of training on compu

211 ls to an uncontaminated mountain site during summer proved to be an effective decontamination procedu

212 denitrification products, especially during summer rainfall events, may lead to underestimation of a

213 ediate application to empirical forecasts of summer rainfall for the United Kingdom, Ireland, and nor

214 Summer rainfall in the Sahel region of Africa exhibits o

215 n and on the breeding grounds, and declining summer rainfall on the non-breeding grounds.

216 tegy; due to the conical shape of mountains, summer range was expected to decline by 17%-86% for 7 of

217 to higher elevation (i.e., "thermoneutral") summer range was unlikely to be a viable behavioral adap

218 in migration distance, or residence time on summer ranges.

219 hment durations of over 165 days reveal post-summer ranging behaviours.

220 These seasons were the summer, representing the peak of plant photosynthetic ac

221 casts of UV dosage over the United States in summer require understanding the response of this dynami

222 93% of winter samples and 89% of summer samples were correctly classified using the NIR s

223 ay responses in excess of local inter-annual summer SAT variability.

224 -scale feedback which subsequently amplifies summer sea ice anomalies.

225 d by decline in forests, and a more extended summer season in agricultural and urban habitats.

226 fying organisms encompassed up to 56% of the summer season, and were accompanied by some of the lowes

227 tent, over southern Europe during the boreal summer season.

228 are predominant in winter and flavonoids in summer season.

229 ged between 7.68 and 9.88 km(2), and for two summer seasons that ranged between 5.51 and 6.24 km(2).

230 olarity (logP approximately 1.9), whereas in summer, smaller (225-330 g/mol) and more polar (logP app

231 This leads to summer snowmelt rate increases of up to 6.3% (7 cm a(-1)

232 be smaller, were less effective at reducing summer soil surface temperatures.

233 From maximum around the summer solstice (late-June), Dio2 expression rapidly dec

234 (Pacific sardine) larvae, which are normally summer spawning species in this region.

235 more frequently during biological spring and summer; specimens of threatened species collected less f

236 ental exposure to present and predicted mean summer SST of the Mediterranean Sea (25 degrees C, 27 de

237 During the summer stratification period, the common dentex presente

238 ethane accumulated in the hypolimnion during summer stratification, and at most 15% of the diffusive

239 apidly to climatic warming compared to local summer surface air temperatures (SATs).

240 These data suggest a reduced summer surface nitrate concentration in both the Antarct

241 mer 2 yr before masting, and positively with summer temperature 1 yr before masting (i.e. 2T model).

242 ion models (GCMs) predict future increase in summer temperature and decline in winter snowfall.

243 We further show that early-summer temperature anomalies are correlated with nest su

244 Here we show a sudden increase in summer temperature at 6,000 cal.

245 ng was more sensitive to a given increase in summer temperature at colder than warmer high-latitude l

246 ities of Rangifer populations, and projected summer temperature changes by the NCAR CCSM4.0 general c

247 Extreme summer temperature events - which are expected to occur

248 dest high-temperature tolerance despite high summer temperature extremes, species in mid-latitude ( 2

249 Projected increases in summer temperature had stronger negative effects on popu

250 Summer temperature on the Cape Churchill Peninsula (Mani

251 GPPmax responds positively to summer temperature over high latitudes (40-80 degrees N)

252 ence between using a macroclimate predictor (summer temperature) and using a mechanistic predictor (p

253 relation to existing combinations of maximum summer temperature, mean annual streamflow, and their in

254 s best explained by spring precipitation and summer temperature, whereas stem growth showed weak and

255 in high-latitude species because it elevates summer temperatures above the upper limit for reproducti

256 y, temperatures >16 degrees C (equivalent to summer temperatures at sites where P. helianthoides were

257 Record summer temperatures during this period (2003-16) followi

258 easonal climate trend (e.g., the increase of summer temperatures in Antarctica in the last decades) i

259 ulations in lakes to the effects of elevated summer temperatures in historically acidified ecosystems

260 ed pattern, with negative effects of extreme summer temperatures in hotter areas and positive effects

261 patterns of branching coral growth, and high summer temperatures in the northern GBR may already be c

262 dalea corals from the hot Persian Gulf where summer temperatures reach 36 degrees C were compared wit

263 ing phenology in a given year was delayed if summer temperatures were high the previous year or 2 yea

264 ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizers to increased summer temperatures.

265 % since 1975, and are correlated with rising summer temperatures.

266 etragona growth and likely represent in situ summer temperatures.

267 nd observed were significantly larger during summer than other seasons potentially because of higher

268 approximately 2,000 storms, on average, each summer that reach the altitude of rapidly increasing ava

269 n the stratosphere over the United States in summer that resolves spatial and structural variability,

270 te models project ice-free conditions during summer this century under realistic emission scenarios,

271 oughout the year, and that it is enhanced in summer through the uptake of Hg(0) by vegetation.

272 a simple explanation for not only the spring-summer timing of historical pandemics, but also early in

273 r 37-year-old son (patient 2) diagnosed with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (SHP).

274 el projects a 0.2-unit drop in pH during the summer upwelling season from 2013 to 2063, which results

275 Redundancy analyses revealed that in the summer, urban and agricultural streams were abundant in

276 h samples, possibly resulting from increased summer use.

277 o the stratosphere over the United States in summer using the Next-Generation Radar system; (ii) the

278 n expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytopl

279 Climate models show a conspicuous summer warm and dry bias over the central United States.

280 tions of limited shrub growth sensitivity to summer warming in the High Arctic.

281 ona shrubs in response to recent High Arctic summer warming shows that recent and future warming migh

282 reas and positive effects on recruitment for summer water availability in drier areas.

283 to predictions, such as positive effects of summer water availability in wetter parts of the range a

284 asion; 58% of hybridized sites had cold mean summer water temperatures (<11 degrees C).

285 plots driven by increasingly severe postfire summer weather events (number of consecutive days with h

286 skill reflects inherent unpredictability of summer weather or, alternatively, is a consequence of we

287 Forecasts of summer weather patterns months in advance would be of gr

288 Total hydrocarbon fluxes during summer were only 39 (16, 97)% as high as during winter,

289 in contrast, concentrations are high during summer when air is mainly arriving from the oceans but l

290 t, with the largest contributions during the summer when wildfires occur and smaller contributions du

291 We show that, even in summer, when intercontinental influence on ozone has typ

292 assemblages is greater in regions with rainy summers where climatic niche partitioning is more likely

293 lains in spring and in the central plains in summer, whereas current climatological patterns persist

294 dult brown trout attained 100% at the end of summer, while seasonal population decay was higher in YO

295 correlated with the coumarin absorbances in summer, winter and spring whereas mixtures without ethan

296 nge comparing exposure from 48 to 720 hours (summer worker lifespan) for cadmium, as the most time-de

297 hat the survival of family lineages from the summer worker to the spring queen stage in the following

298 Conversely, tropical ectotherms facing dry summers would have fewer opportunities to climatic niche

299 This so-called Year Without a Summer (YWAS) has been widely attributed to the 1815 eru

300 summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density.